python学习_数据处理编程实例（二）

在上一节python学习_数据处理编程实例（二）的基础上数据发生了变化，文件中除了学生的成绩外，新增了学生姓名和出生年月的信息，因此将要成变成：分别根据姓名输出每个学生的无重复的前三个最好成绩和出生年月

数据准备：分别建立四个文本文件

james2.txt     James Lee,2002-3-14,2-34,3:21,2.34,2.45,3.01,2:01,2:01,3:10,2-22

julie2.txt        Julie Jones,2002-8-17,2.59,2.11,2:11,2:23,3-10,2-23,3:10,3.21,3-21

mikey2.txt      Mikey McManus,2002-2-24,2:22,3.01,3:01,3.02,3:02,3.02,3:22,2.49,2:38

sarah2.txt      Sarah Sweeney,2002-6-17,2:58,2.58,2:39,2-25,2-55,2:54,2.18,2:55,2:55

在上一节基础上，修改部分代码，将新要求实现如下：

 import os
 print(os.getcwd())
 os.chdir('C:\Python33\HeadFirstPython\hfpy_code\chapter6')  #将工作空间修改为文件所在的目录

 #定义函数get_filedata从文件中取值
 def get_filedata(filename):
     try:
         with open(filename)  as f:        #with语句打开和自动关闭文件
             data=f.readline()                 #从文件中逐行读取字符
             data_list=data.strip().split(',')   #将字符间的空格清除后，用逗号分隔字符
             return({
                     "name" : data_list.pop(0),
                     "date_of_birth" : data_list.pop(0),
                     "times" : str(sorted(set([modify_time_format(s) for s in data_list]))[0:3])
                     })                                #使用字典将关联的姓名，出生年月，时间键和值进行存储并返回
     except IOError as ioerr:
         print ('File Error' + str(ioerr))     #异常处理，打印错误
         return (None)

 #定义函数modify_time_format将所有文件中的时分表达方式统一为“分.秒”
 def modify_time_format(time_string):
     if "-" in time_string:
         splitter="-"
     elif ":" in time_string:
         splitter=":"
     else:
         splitter="."
     (mins, secs)=time_string.split(splitter) #用分隔符splitter分隔字符后分别存入mins和secs
     return (mins+ '.' +secs)

 #定义函数get_prev_three返回文件中排名前三的不重复的时间成绩
 def get_prev_three(filename):
     new_list=[modify_time_format(each_t) for each_t in get_filedata(filename)]   #采用列表推导将统一时分表达方式后的记录生成新的列表
     delete_repetition=set(new_list)                                                                     #采用集合set函数删除新列表中重复项，并生成新的集合
     in_order=sorted(delete_repetition)                                                               #采用复制排序sorted函数对无重复性的新集合进行排序
     return (in_order[0:3])      

 #输出james的排名前三的不重复成绩和出生年月
 james = get_filedata('james2.txt')
 print (james["name"]+"'s fastest times are: " + james["times"])
 print (james["name"] + "'s birthday is: "  + james["date_of_birth"])

 #输出julie的排名前三的不重复成绩和出生年月
 julie = get_filedata('julie2.txt')
 print (julie["name"]+"'s fastest times are: " + julie["times"])
 print (julie["name"] + "'s birthday is: "  + julie["date_of_birth"])

 #输出mikey的排名前三的不重复成绩和出生年月
 mikey = get_filedata('mikey2.txt')
 print (mikey["name"]+"'s fastest times are: " + mikey["times"])
 print (mikey["name"] + "'s birthday is: "  + mikey["date_of_birth"])

 #输出sarah的排名前三的不重复成绩和出生年月
 sarah = get_filedata('sarah2.txt')
 print (sarah["name"]+"'s fastest times are: " + sarah["times"])
 print (sarah["name"] + "'s birthday is: "  + sarah["date_of_birth"])

通过建立继承内置list的类AthleteList，将方法定义在类中实现相同功能：

 import os
 print(os.getcwd())
 os.chdir('C:\Python33\HeadFirstPython\hfpy_code\chapter6')  #将工作空间修改为文件所在的目录

 #定义类AthleteList继承python内置的list
 class AthleteList(list):
     def __init__(self, name, dob=None, times=[]):
         list.__init__([])
         self.name=name
         self.dob=dob
         self.extend(times)
     def get_prev_three(self):
         return (sorted(set([modify_time_format(t) for t in self]))[0:3])

 def get_filedata(filename):
     try:
         with open(filename)  as f:        #with语句打开和自动关闭文件
             data=f.readline()                 #从文件中逐行读取字符
             data_list=data.strip().split(',')   #将字符间的空格清除后，用逗号分隔字符
             return(
                    AthleteList(data_list.pop(0), data_list.pop(0), data_list)
                    )                                #使用字典将关联的姓名，出生年月，时间键和值进行存储并返回
     except IOError as ioerr:
         print ('File Error' + str(ioerr))     #异常处理，打印错误
         return (None)

 def modify_time_format(time_string):
     if "-" in time_string:
         splitter="-"
     elif ":" in time_string:
         splitter=":"
     else:
         splitter="."
     (mins, secs)=time_string.split(splitter) #用分隔符splitter分隔字符后分别存入mins和secs
     return (mins+ '.' +secs)

 james = get_filedata('james2.txt')
 print (james.name+"'s fastest times are: " + str(james.get_prev_three()))

 julie = get_filedata('julie2.txt')
 print (julie.name+"'s fastest times are: " + str(julie.get_prev_three()))

 mikey = get_filedata('mikey2.txt')
 print (mikey.name+"'s fastest times are: " + str(mikey.get_prev_three()))

 sarah = get_filedata('sarah2.txt')
 print (sarah.name+"'s fastest times are: " + str(sarah.get_prev_three()))

参考资料：HeadFirstPython系列书籍chapter 6

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