1、salt-ssh的使用

官方文档：https://docs.saltstack.com/en/2016.11/topics/ssh/index.html

（1）安装salt-ssh

[root@linux-node1 ~]# yum install -y salt-ssh

（2）配置salt-ssh

[root@linux-node1 ~]# vim /etc/salt/roster

linux-node1:

  host: 192.168.56.11

  user: root

  passwd: 123123

linux-node2:

  host: 192.168.56.12

  user: root

  passwd: 123123

（3）使用ssh远程执行

[root@linux-node1 ~]# salt-ssh '*' -r 'uptime'

linux-node2:

    ----------

    retcode:

        0

    stderr:

    stdout:

        root@192.168.56.12's password:

         14:07:19 up 14 days,  8:41,  2 users,  load average: 0.04, 0.08, 0.07

linux-node1:

    ----------

    retcode:

        0

    stderr:

    stdout:

        root@192.168.56.11's password:

         14:07:20 up 23 days,  8:13,  2 users,  load average: 2.86, 0.81, 0.34

2、配置管理

（1）什么是状态？

States是Saltstack中的配置语言，在日常进行配置管理时需要编写大量的States文件。比如我们需要安装一个包，然后管理一个配置文件，最后保证某个服务正常运行。这里就需要我们编写一些states sls文件（描述状态配置的文件）去描述和实现我们的功能。编写的states sls文件都是YAML语法，states sls文件也支持使用Python语言编写。 
所谓的状态就是希望系统运行某些命令之后的结果。描述状态使用YAML格式的文件。SLS：salt state 
举例安装apache，如下：

[root@linux-node1 ~]# vim /srv/salt/base/web/apache.sls

apache:

  pkg.installed:

    - name: httpd

  service.running:

    - name: httpd

  file.managed:

    - name: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

    - source: salt://apache/files/httpd.conf

    - user: root

    - group: root

    - mode: 644

解释说明：

apache：id声明，在所有环境（base、prod）下全局唯一

pkg：状态模块

.：引用关系

installed:模块中的方法

:：代表层级关系

name:可以理解为参数，后面跟的是参数值

file.managed:文件管理模块，必须要有source指定文件的来源路径

source：文件的来源路径，salt://代表着环境的根路径，这的根路径为：/srv/salt/base/

user、group、mode：分别指定文件的所属者，所属组和权限

以上的文件还可以使用分id的写法：

apache-install:

  pkg.installed:

    - name: httpd

apache-service:

  service.running:

    - name: httpd

apache-config:

  file.managed:

    - name: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

    - source: salt://apache/files/httpd.conf

    - user: root

    - group: root

    - mode: 644

存在指定多个配置文件，还可以使用一下写法：(不适用name作为参数传递时，id就是name)

/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf:

  file.managed:

    - source: salt://apache/files/httpd.conf

    - user: root

    - group: root

    - mode: 644

/etc/httpd/conf/php.conf:

  file.managed:

    - source: salt://apache/files/php.conf

    - user: root

    - group: root

    - mode: 644

（2） LAMP的状态设计与实现部署

1、设计分析

1 名称    　　　　　　　　　　　　　　软件包    　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　配置文件    　　　　　　　　　　　　　服务

2 使用模块    　　　　　　　　　　　　pkg    　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　file    　　　　　　　　　　　　　service

3 LAMP    httpd、php、mariadb、mariadb-server、php-mysql、php-pdo、php-cli    /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf、/etc/php.ini    httpd、mysqld

2、Aapche的状态配置

 1 [root@linux-node1 prod]# pwd

 2 /srv/salt/prod

 3 [root@linux-node1 prod]# mkdir apache php mysql

 4 [root@linux-node1 prod]# tree

 5 .

 6 ├── apache

 7 ├── mysql

 8 └── php

 9

10 3 directories, 0 files

11

12 [root@linux-node1 prod]# cd apache/

13 [root@linux-node1 apache]# vim apache.sls      #编写apache的状态模块

14 apache-install:

15   pkg.installed:

16     - name: httpd

17

18 apache-config:

19   file.managed:

20     - name: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

21     - source: salt://apache/files/httpd.conf    #salt://代表着环境的根路径

22     - user: root

23     - group: root

24     - mode: 644

25

26 apache-service:

27   service.running:

28     - name: httpd

29     - enable: True

30 [root@linux-node1 apache]# mkdir files    #创建source目录

31 [root@linux-node1 apache]# cd files/

32 [root@linux-node1 files]# cp /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf .

33 [root@linux-node1 apache]# tree

34 .

35 ├── apache.sls

36 └── files

37     └── httpd.conf

38

39 1 directory, 2 files

40 [root@linux-node1 apache]# salt 'linux-node1' state.sls apache.apache saltenv=prod

3、php的状态配置

[root@linux-node1 prod]# cd php

[root@linux-node1 php]# mkdir files

[root@linux-node1 php]# vim init.sls

php-install:

  pkg.installed:

    - pkgs:

      - php

      - php-pdo

      - php-mysql

php-config:

  file.managed:

    - name: /etc/php.ini

    - source: salt://php/files/php.ini

    - user: root

    - group: root

    - mode: 644

[root@linux-node1 php]# cp /etc/php.ini files/

[root@linux-node1 php]# tree

.

├── files

│   └── php.ini

└── init.sls

1 directory, 2 files

4、mysql的状态配置

[root@linux-node1 prod]# cd mysql/

[root@linux-node1 mysql]# vim init.sls

mysql-install:

  pkg.installed:

    - pkgs:

      - mariadb

      - mariadb-server

mysql-config:

  file.managed:

    - name: /etc/my.cnf

    - source: salt://mysql/files/my.cnf

    - user: root

    - gourp: root

    - mode: 

mysql-service:

  service.running:

    - name: mariadb-server

    - enable: True

[root@linux-node1 mysql]# mkdir files

[root@linux-node1 mysql]# cp /etc/my.cnf files/

[root@linux-node1 prod]# tree

.

├── apache

│   ├── files

│   │   └── httpd.conf

│   └── init.sls

├── mysql

│   ├── files

│   │   └── my.cnf

│   └── init.sls

└── php

    ├── files

    │   └── php.ini

    └── init.sls

[root@linux-node1 prod]# salt -S '192.168.56.11' state.sls php.init saltenv=prod

linux-node1.example.com:

----------

          ID: php-install

    Function: pkg.installed

      Result: True

     Comment: The following packages were installed/updated: php-mysql

              The following packages were already installed: php-pdo, php

     Started: ::14.780998

    Duration: 118711.436 ms

     Changes:

              ----------

              php-mysql:

                  ----------

                  new:

                      5.4.-.el7_4

                  old:

----------

          ID: php-config

    Function: file.managed

        Name: /etc/php.ini

      Result: True

     Comment: File /etc/php.ini is in the correct state

     Started: ::13.556562

    Duration: 51.913 ms

     Changes:   

Summary for linux-node1.example.com

------------

Succeeded:  (changed=)

Failed:

------------

Total states run:

Total run time: 118.763 s

5、写入top file，执行高级状态

[root@linux-node1 base]# pwd
/srv/salt/base
[root@linux-node1 base]# vim top.sls
prod:
'linux-node1.example.com':
- apache.init
- php.init
- mysql.init
[root@linux-node1 base]# salt 'linux-node1*' state.highstate
linux-node1.example.com:
----------
ID: apache-install
Function: pkg.installed
Name: httpd
Result: True
Comment: All specified packages are already installed
Started: 10:39:04.214911
Duration: 762.144 ms
Changes:
----------
ID: apache-config
Function: file.managed
Name: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
Result: True
Comment: File /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf is in the correct state
Started: 10:39:04.979376
Duration: 13.105 ms
Changes:
----------
ID: apache-service
Function: service.running
Name: httpd
Result: True
Comment: The service httpd is already running
Started: 10:39:04.992962
Duration: 36.109 ms
Changes:
----------
ID: php-install
Function: pkg.installed
Result: True
Comment: All specified packages are already installed
Started: 10:39:05.029241
Duration: 0.65 ms
Changes:
----------
ID: php-config
Function: file.managed
Name: /etc/php.ini
Result: True
Comment: File /etc/php.ini is in the correct state
Started: 10:39:05.029987
Duration: 10.642 ms
Changes:
----------
ID: mysql-install
Function: pkg.installed
Result: True
Comment: All specified packages are already installed
Started: 10:39:05.040793
Duration: 0.422 ms
Changes:
----------
ID: mysql-config
Function: file.managed
Name: /etc/my.cnf
Result: True
Comment: File /etc/my.cnf is in the correct state
Started: 10:39:05.041301
Duration: 7.869 ms
Changes:
----------
ID: mysql-service
Function: service.running
Name: mariadb
Result: True
Comment: The service mariadb is already running
Started: 10:39:05.049284
Duration: 28.054 ms
Changes:

Summary for linux-node1.example.com
------------
Succeeded: 8
Failed: 0
------------
Total states run: 8
Total run time: 858.995 ms

[root@linux-node1 base]# pwd

/srv/salt/base

[root@linux-node1 base]# vim top.sls

prod:

  'linux-node1.example.com':

   - apache.init

   - php.init

   - mysql.init

[root@linux-node1 base]# salt 'linux-node1*' state.highstate

linux-node1.example.com:

----------

          ID: apache-install

    Function: pkg.installed

        Name: httpd

      Result: True

     Comment: All specified packages are already installed

     Started: 10:39:04.214911

    Duration: 762.144 ms

     Changes:

----------

          ID: apache-config

    Function: file.managed

        Name: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

      Result: True

     Comment: File /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf is in the correct state

     Started: 10:39:04.979376

    Duration: 13.105 ms

     Changes:

----------

          ID: apache-service

    Function: service.running

        Name: httpd

      Result: True

     Comment: The service httpd is already running

     Started: 10:39:04.992962

    Duration: 36.109 ms

     Changes:

----------

          ID: php-install

    Function: pkg.installed

      Result: True

     Comment: All specified packages are already installed

     Started: 10:39:05.029241

    Duration: 0.65 ms

     Changes:

----------

          ID: php-config

    Function: file.managed

        Name: /etc/php.ini

      Result: True

     Comment: File /etc/php.ini is in the correct state

     Started: 10:39:05.029987

    Duration: 10.642 ms

     Changes:

----------

          ID: mysql-install

    Function: pkg.installed

      Result: True

     Comment: All specified packages are already installed

     Started: 10:39:05.040793

    Duration: 0.422 ms

     Changes:

----------

          ID: mysql-config

    Function: file.managed

        Name: /etc/my.cnf

      Result: True

     Comment: File /etc/my.cnf is in the correct state

     Started: 10:39:05.041301

    Duration: 7.869 ms

     Changes:

----------

          ID: mysql-service

    Function: service.running

        Name: mariadb

      Result: True

     Comment: The service mariadb is already running

     Started: 10:39:05.049284

    Duration: 28.054 ms

     Changes:   

Summary for linux-node1.example.com

------------

Succeeded: 8

Failed:    0

------------

Total states run:     8

Total run time: 858.995 ms

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