009-saltstack之salt-ssh的使用及配置管理LAMP状态的实现
1、salt-ssh的使用
官方文档：https://docs.saltstack.com/en/2016.11/topics/ssh/index.html
（1）安装salt-ssh
[root@linux-node1 ~]# yum install -y salt-ssh （2）配置salt-ssh
[root@linux-node1 ~]# vim /etc/salt/roster
linux-node1:
host: 192.168.56.11
user: root
passwd: 123123
linux-node2:
host: 192.168.56.12
user: root
passwd: 123123 （3）使用ssh远程执行
[root@linux-node1 ~]# salt-ssh '*' -r 'uptime'
linux-node2:
----------
retcode:
0
stderr:
stdout:
root@192.168.56.12's password:
14:07:19 up 14 days, 8:41, 2 users, load average: 0.04, 0.08, 0.07
linux-node1:
----------
retcode:
0
stderr:
stdout:
root@192.168.56.11's password:
14:07:20 up 23 days, 8:13, 2 users, load average: 2.86, 0.81, 0.34
2、配置管理
（1）什么是状态？
States是Saltstack中的配置语言，在日常进行配置管理时需要编写大量的States文件。比如我们需要安装一个包，然后管理一个配置文件，最后保证某个服务正常运行。这里就需要我们编写一些states sls文件（描述状态配置的文件）去描述和实现我们的功能。编写的states sls文件都是YAML语法，states sls文件也支持使用Python语言编写。
所谓的状态就是希望系统运行某些命令之后的结果。描述状态使用YAML格式的文件。SLS：salt state
举例安装apache，如下：
[root@linux-node1 ~]# vim /srv/salt/base/web/apache.sls
apache:
pkg.installed:
- name: httpd
service.running:
- name: httpd
file.managed:
- name: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
- source: salt://apache/files/httpd.conf
- user: root
- group: root
- mode: 644 解释说明：
apache：id声明，在所有环境（base、prod）下全局唯一
pkg：状态模块
.：引用关系
installed:模块中的方法
:：代表层级关系
name:可以理解为参数，后面跟的是参数值
file.managed:文件管理模块，必须要有source指定文件的来源路径
source：文件的来源路径，salt://代表着环境的根路径，这的根路径为：/srv/salt/base/
user、group、mode：分别指定文件的所属者，所属组和权限 以上的文件还可以使用分id的写法：
apache-install:
pkg.installed:
- name: httpd apache-service:
service.running:
- name: httpd apache-config:
file.managed:
- name: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
- source: salt://apache/files/httpd.conf
- user: root
- group: root
- mode: 644 存在指定多个配置文件，还可以使用一下写法：(不适用name作为参数传递时，id就是name)
/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf:
file.managed:
- source: salt://apache/files/httpd.conf
- user: root
- group: root
- mode: 644
/etc/httpd/conf/php.conf:
file.managed:
- source: salt://apache/files/php.conf
- user: root
- group: root
- mode: 644
（2） LAMP的状态设计与实现部署
1、设计分析
1 名称 软件包 配置文件 服务
2 使用模块 pkg file service
3 LAMP httpd、php、mariadb、mariadb-server、php-mysql、php-pdo、php-cli /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf、/etc/php.ini httpd、mysqld
2、Aapche的状态配置
1 [root@linux-node1 prod]# pwd
2 /srv/salt/prod
3 [root@linux-node1 prod]# mkdir apache php mysql
4 [root@linux-node1 prod]# tree
5 .
6 ├── apache
7 ├── mysql
8 └── php
9
10 3 directories, 0 files
11
12 [root@linux-node1 prod]# cd apache/
13 [root@linux-node1 apache]# vim apache.sls #编写apache的状态模块
14 apache-install:
15 pkg.installed:
16 - name: httpd
17
18 apache-config:
19 file.managed:
20 - name: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
21 - source: salt://apache/files/httpd.conf #salt://代表着环境的根路径
22 - user: root
23 - group: root
24 - mode: 644
25
26 apache-service:
27 service.running:
28 - name: httpd
29 - enable: True
30 [root@linux-node1 apache]# mkdir files #创建source目录
31 [root@linux-node1 apache]# cd files/
32 [root@linux-node1 files]# cp /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf .
33 [root@linux-node1 apache]# tree
34 .
35 ├── apache.sls
36 └── files
37 └── httpd.conf
38
39 1 directory, 2 files
40 [root@linux-node1 apache]# salt 'linux-node1' state.sls apache.apache saltenv=prod
3、php的状态配置
[root@linux-node1 prod]# cd php
[root@linux-node1 php]# mkdir files
[root@linux-node1 php]# vim init.sls
php-install:
pkg.installed:
- pkgs:
- php
- php-pdo
- php-mysql php-config:
file.managed:
- name: /etc/php.ini
- source: salt://php/files/php.ini
- user: root
- group: root
- mode: 644
[root@linux-node1 php]# cp /etc/php.ini files/
[root@linux-node1 php]# tree
.
├── files
│ └── php.ini
└── init.sls 1 directory, 2 files
4、mysql的状态配置
[root@linux-node1 prod]# cd mysql/
[root@linux-node1 mysql]# vim init.sls
mysql-install:
pkg.installed:
- pkgs:
- mariadb
- mariadb-server mysql-config:
file.managed:
- name: /etc/my.cnf
- source: salt://mysql/files/my.cnf
- user: root
- gourp: root
- mode: mysql-service:
service.running:
- name: mariadb-server
- enable: True
[root@linux-node1 mysql]# mkdir files
[root@linux-node1 mysql]# cp /etc/my.cnf files/
[root@linux-node1 prod]# tree
.
├── apache
│ ├── files
│ │ └── httpd.conf
│ └── init.sls
├── mysql
│ ├── files
│ │ └── my.cnf
│ └── init.sls
└── php
├── files
│ └── php.ini
└── init.sls
[root@linux-node1 prod]# salt -S '192.168.56.11' state.sls php.init saltenv=prod
linux-node1.example.com:
----------
ID: php-install
Function: pkg.installed
Result: True
Comment: The following packages were installed/updated: php-mysql
The following packages were already installed: php-pdo, php
Started: ::14.780998
Duration: 118711.436 ms
Changes:
----------
php-mysql:
----------
new:
5.4.-.el7_4
old:
----------
ID: php-config
Function: file.managed
Name: /etc/php.ini
Result: True
Comment: File /etc/php.ini is in the correct state
Started: ::13.556562
Duration: 51.913 ms
Changes: Summary for linux-node1.example.com
------------
Succeeded: (changed=)
Failed:
------------
Total states run:
Total run time: 118.763 s
5、写入top file，执行高级状态
[root@linux-node1 base]# pwd
/srv/salt/base
[root@linux-node1 base]# vim top.sls
prod:
'linux-node1.example.com':
- apache.init
- php.init
- mysql.init
[root@linux-node1 base]# salt 'linux-node1*' state.highstate
linux-node1.example.com:
----------
ID: apache-install
Function: pkg.installed
Name: httpd
Result: True
Comment: All specified packages are already installed
Started: 10:39:04.214911
Duration: 762.144 ms
Changes:
----------
ID: apache-config
Function: file.managed
Name: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
Result: True
Comment: File /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf is in the correct state
Started: 10:39:04.979376
Duration: 13.105 ms
Changes:
----------
ID: apache-service
Function: service.running
Name: httpd
Result: True
Comment: The service httpd is already running
Started: 10:39:04.992962
Duration: 36.109 ms
Changes:
----------
ID: php-install
Function: pkg.installed
Result: True
Comment: All specified packages are already installed
Started: 10:39:05.029241
Duration: 0.65 ms
Changes:
----------
ID: php-config
Function: file.managed
Name: /etc/php.ini
Result: True
Comment: File /etc/php.ini is in the correct state
Started: 10:39:05.029987
Duration: 10.642 ms
Changes:
----------
ID: mysql-install
Function: pkg.installed
Result: True
Comment: All specified packages are already installed
Started: 10:39:05.040793
Duration: 0.422 ms
Changes:
----------
ID: mysql-config
Function: file.managed
Name: /etc/my.cnf
Result: True
Comment: File /etc/my.cnf is in the correct state
Started: 10:39:05.041301
Duration: 7.869 ms
Changes:
----------
ID: mysql-service
Function: service.running
Name: mariadb
Result: True
Comment: The service mariadb is already running
Started: 10:39:05.049284
Duration: 28.054 ms
Changes:
Summary for linux-node1.example.com
------------
Succeeded: 8
Failed: 0
------------
Total states run: 8
Total run time: 858.995 ms
[root@linux-node1 base]# pwd
/srv/salt/base
[root@linux-node1 base]# vim top.sls
prod:
'linux-node1.example.com':
- apache.init
- php.init
- mysql.init
[root@linux-node1 base]# salt 'linux-node1*' state.highstate
linux-node1.example.com:
----------
ID: apache-install
Function: pkg.installed
Name: httpd
Result: True
Comment: All specified packages are already installed
Started: 10:39:04.214911
Duration: 762.144 ms
Changes:
----------
ID: apache-config
Function: file.managed
Name: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
Result: True
Comment: File /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf is in the correct state
Started: 10:39:04.979376
Duration: 13.105 ms
Changes:
----------
ID: apache-service
Function: service.running
Name: httpd
Result: True
Comment: The service httpd is already running
Started: 10:39:04.992962
Duration: 36.109 ms
Changes:
----------
ID: php-install
Function: pkg.installed
Result: True
Comment: All specified packages are already installed
Started: 10:39:05.029241
Duration: 0.65 ms
Changes:
----------
ID: php-config
Function: file.managed
Name: /etc/php.ini
Result: True
Comment: File /etc/php.ini is in the correct state
Started: 10:39:05.029987
Duration: 10.642 ms
Changes:
----------
ID: mysql-install
Function: pkg.installed
Result: True
Comment: All specified packages are already installed
Started: 10:39:05.040793
Duration: 0.422 ms
Changes:
----------
ID: mysql-config
Function: file.managed
Name: /etc/my.cnf
Result: True
Comment: File /etc/my.cnf is in the correct state
Started: 10:39:05.041301
Duration: 7.869 ms
Changes:
----------
ID: mysql-service
Function: service.running
Name: mariadb
Result: True
Comment: The service mariadb is already running
Started: 10:39:05.049284
Duration: 28.054 ms
Changes: Summary for linux-node1.example.com
------------
Succeeded: 8
Failed: 0
------------
Total states run: 8
Total run time: 858.995 ms
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