转载：WAV header

转自：http://www.cnblogs.com/CoderTian/p/6657844.html

WAV为微软公司（Microsoft)开发的一种声音文件格式，它符合RIFF(Resource Interchange File Format)文件规范，用于保存Windows平台的音频信息资源，被Windows平台及其应用程序所广泛支持。WAVE文件通常只是一个具有单个“WAVE”块的RIFF文件，该块由两个子块（”fmt”子数据块和”data”子数据块），它的格式如下图所示

该格式的实质就是在PCM文件的前面加了一个文件头，每个字段的的含义为

typedef struct{
char ChunkID[4];//内容为"RIFF"
unsigned long ChunkSize;//存储文件的字节数（不包含ChunkID和ChunkSize这8个字节）
char Format[4];//内容为"WAVE"
}WAVE_HEADER;
typedef struct{
char Subchunk1ID[4];//内容为"fmt"
unsigned long Subchunk1Size;//存储该子块的字节数（不含前面的Subchunk1ID和Subchunk1Size这8个字节）
unsigned short AudioFormat;//存储音频文件的编码格式，例如若为PCM则其存储值为1，若为其他非PCM格式的则有一定的压缩。
unsigned short NumChannels;//通道数，单通道(Mono)值为1，双通道(Stereo)值为2，等等
unsigned long SampleRate;//采样率，如8k，44.1k等
unsigned long ByteRate;//每秒存储的bit数，其值=SampleRate * NumChannels * BitsPerSample/8
unsigned short BlockAlign;//块对齐大小，其值=NumChannels * BitsPerSample/8
unsigned short BitsPerSample;//每个采样点的bit数，一般为8,16,32等。
}WAVE_FMT;
typedef struct{
char Subchunk2ID[4];//内容为“data”
unsigned long Subchunk2Size;//内容为接下来的正式的数据部分的字节数，其值=NumSamples * NumChannels * BitsPerSample/8
}WAVE_DATA;

比如下面的例子

这里是一个WAVE文件的开头72字节，字节显示为十六进制数字：
52 49 46 46 24 08 00 00 57 41 56 45 66 6d 74 20 10 00 00 00 01 00 02 00
22 56 00 00 88 58 01 00 04 00 10 00 64 61 74 61 00 08 00 00 00 00 00 00
24 17 1e f3 3c 13 3c 14 16 f9 18 f9 34 e7 23 a6 3c f2 24 f2 11 ce 1a 0d
字段解析：

pcm 加上WAV header的代码实现为

int simplest_pcm16le_to_wave(const char *pcmpath,int channels,int sample_rate,const char *wavepath)
{
typedef struct WAVE_HEADER{
　　char fccID[4];
　　unsigned long dwSize;
　　char fccType[4];
}WAVE_HEADER;
typedef struct WAVE_FMT{
　　char fccID[4];
　　unsigned long dwSize;
　　unsigned short wFormatTag;
　　unsigned short wChannels;
　　unsigned long dwSamplesPerSec;
　　unsigned long dwAvgBytesPerSec;
　　unsigned short wBlockAlign;
　　unsigned short uiBitsPerSample;
}WAVE_FMT;
typedef struct WAVE_DATA{
　　char fccID[4];
　　unsigned long dwSize;
}WAVE_DATA;
　　if(channels==0||sample_rate==0){
　　　　channels = 2;
　　　　sample_rate = 44100;
　　}
　　int bits = 16;
　　WAVE_HEADER pcmHEADER;
　　WAVE_FMT pcmFMT;
　　WAVE_DATA pcmDATA;

　　unsigned short m_pcmData;
　　FILE *fp,*fpout;
　　fp=fopen(pcmpath, "rb");
　　if(fp == NULL) {
　　　　printf("open pcm file error\n");
　　　　return -1;
　　}
　　fpout=fopen(wavepath, "wb+");
　　if(fpout == NULL) {
　　　　printf("create wav file error\n");
　　　　return -1;
　　}
　　//WAVE_HEADER
　　memcpy(pcmHEADER.fccID,"RIFF",strlen("RIFF"));
　　memcpy(pcmHEADER.fccType,"WAVE",strlen("WAVE"));
　　fseek(fpout,sizeof(WAVE_HEADER),1);
　　//WAVE_FMT
　　pcmFMT.dwSamplesPerSec=sample_rate;
　　pcmFMT.dwAvgBytesPerSec=pcmFMT.dwSamplesPerSec*sizeof(m_pcmData);
　　pcmFMT.uiBitsPerSample=bits;
　　memcpy(pcmFMT.fccID,"fmt ",strlen("fmt "));
　　pcmFMT.dwSize=16;
　　pcmFMT.wBlockAlign=2;
　　pcmFMT.wChannels=channels;
　　pcmFMT.wFormatTag=1;

　　fwrite(&pcmFMT,sizeof(WAVE_FMT),1,fpout);
　　//WAVE_DATA;
　　memcpy(pcmDATA.fccID,"data",strlen("data"));
　　pcmDATA.dwSize=0;
　　fseek(fpout,sizeof(WAVE_DATA),SEEK_CUR);
　　fread(&m_pcmData,sizeof(unsigned short),1,fp);
　　while(!feof(fp)){
　　　　pcmDATA.dwSize+=2;
　　　　fwrite(&m_pcmData,sizeof(unsigned short),1,fpout);
　　　　fread(&m_pcmData,sizeof(unsigned short),1,fp);
　　}
　　pcmHEADER.dwSize=44+pcmDATA.dwSize;
　　rewind(fpout);
　　fwrite(&pcmHEADER,sizeof(WAVE_HEADER),1,fpout);
　　fseek(fpout,sizeof(WAVE_FMT),SEEK_CUR);
　　fwrite(&pcmDATA,sizeof(WAVE_DATA),1,fpout);

　　fclose(fp);
　　fclose(fpout);
　　return 0;
}

#include<stdio.h>

#include<stdlib.h>

#include<errno.h>

#include<string.h>

#include<pthread.h>

typedef struct{

char chunkId[];//"RIFF"

unsigned long chunkSize;

char format[];//"WAVE"

}WAVE_RIFF;

typedef struct{

char chunkId[];//"fmt"

unsigned long chunkSize;

unsigned short audioFormat;

unsigned short chNum;

unsigned long sampleRate;

unsigned long byteRate;//SampleRate * NumChannels * BitsPerSample/8

unsigned short blockAlign;//NumChannels * BitsPerSample/8

unsigned short bitsPerSample;//8,16,32

}WAVE_FMT;

typedef struct{

char chunkId[];//"data"

unsigned long chunkSize;//NumSamples * NumChannels * BitsPerSample/8

}WAVE_DATA;

typedef struct

{

    char fileName[];

    FILE *fp;

    long pos;

    unsigned long totalSampleNum;

    WAVE_RIFF riffChunk;

    WAVE_FMT fmtChunk;

    WAVE_DATA dataChunk;

}WAVE_INFO;

#define READ_SAMPLES 256

#define PP_SAMPLES 64

typedef struct

{

    unsigned short chNum;

    unsigned short bankNum;

    unsigned long samplesPerBank;

    unsigned short bytesPerSample;

    unsigned short bankRp;

    unsigned short bankWp;

    unsigned char ***pData;

    unsigned char fgEos;

}PP_BUF_T;

PP_BUF_T gPpBuf;

unsigned char fgEnd = ;

void printWaveHeader(WAVE_INFO *pWaveInfo)

{

    printf("fileName:%s\n", pWaveInfo->fileName);

    printf("riff chunk:\n");

    printf("chunkId:%c%c%c%c\n", pWaveInfo->riffChunk.chunkId[], pWaveInfo->riffChunk.chunkId[], pWaveInfo->riffChunk.chunkId[], pWaveInfo->riffChunk.chunkId[]);

    printf("chunkSize:%ld\n", pWaveInfo->riffChunk.chunkSize);

    printf("format:%c%c%c%c\n", pWaveInfo->riffChunk.format[], pWaveInfo->riffChunk.format[], pWaveInfo->riffChunk.format[], pWaveInfo->riffChunk.format[]);

    printf("fmt chunk:\n");

    printf("chunkId:%c%c%c\n", pWaveInfo->fmtChunk.chunkId[], pWaveInfo->fmtChunk.chunkId[], pWaveInfo->fmtChunk.chunkId[]);

    printf("chunkSize:%ld\n", pWaveInfo->fmtChunk.chunkSize);

    printf("audioFormat:%d\n", pWaveInfo->fmtChunk.audioFormat);

    printf("chNum:%d\n", pWaveInfo->fmtChunk.chNum);

    printf("sampleRate:%ld\n", pWaveInfo->fmtChunk.sampleRate);

    printf("byteRate:%ld\n", pWaveInfo->fmtChunk.byteRate);

    printf("blockAlign:%d\n", pWaveInfo->fmtChunk.blockAlign);

    printf("bitsPerSample:%d\n", pWaveInfo->fmtChunk.bitsPerSample);

    printf("data chunk:\n");

    printf("chunkId:%c%c%c%c\n", pWaveInfo->dataChunk.chunkId[], pWaveInfo->dataChunk.chunkId[], pWaveInfo->dataChunk.chunkId[], pWaveInfo->dataChunk.chunkId[]);

    printf("chunkSize:%ld\n", pWaveInfo->dataChunk.chunkSize);

}

void initWaveInfo(WAVE_INFO *pWaveInfo, unsigned short chNum, unsigned long sampleRate, unsigned short bitsPerSample)

{

    //strncpy(pWaveInfo->riffChunk.chunkId, "RIFF", 4);

    pWaveInfo->riffChunk.chunkId[] = 'R';

    pWaveInfo->riffChunk.chunkId[] = 'I';

    pWaveInfo->riffChunk.chunkId[] = 'F';

    pWaveInfo->riffChunk.chunkId[] = 'F';

    pWaveInfo->riffChunk.chunkSize = ;

    //strncpy(pWaveInfo->riffChunk.format, "WAVE", 4);

    pWaveInfo->riffChunk.format[] = 'W';

    pWaveInfo->riffChunk.format[] = 'A';

    pWaveInfo->riffChunk.format[] = 'V';

    pWaveInfo->riffChunk.format[] = 'E';

    //strncpy(pWaveInfo->fmtChunk.chunkId, "fmt", 3);

    pWaveInfo->fmtChunk.chunkId[] = 'f';

    pWaveInfo->fmtChunk.chunkId[] = 'm';

    pWaveInfo->fmtChunk.chunkId[] = 't';

    pWaveInfo->fmtChunk.chunkId[] = ' ';

    pWaveInfo->fmtChunk.chunkSize = sizeof(WAVE_FMT) - ;

    pWaveInfo->fmtChunk.audioFormat = ;

    pWaveInfo->fmtChunk.chNum = chNum;

    pWaveInfo->fmtChunk.sampleRate = sampleRate;

    pWaveInfo->fmtChunk.byteRate = sampleRate * chNum * bitsPerSample / ;

    pWaveInfo->fmtChunk.blockAlign = chNum * bitsPerSample / ;

    pWaveInfo->fmtChunk.bitsPerSample = bitsPerSample;

    //strncpy(pWaveInfo->dataChunk.chunkId, "data", 4);

    pWaveInfo->dataChunk.chunkId[] = 'd';

    pWaveInfo->dataChunk.chunkId[] = 'a';

    pWaveInfo->dataChunk.chunkId[] = 't';

    pWaveInfo->dataChunk.chunkId[] = 'a';

    pWaveInfo->dataChunk.chunkSize = ;

    pWaveInfo->totalSampleNum = ;

    ///printWaveHeader(pWaveInfo);

}

void rwRiffChunk(WAVE_INFO *pWaveInfo, unsigned char fgRead)

{

    if (fgRead)

    {

        fread((char *)&pWaveInfo->riffChunk.chunkId, , , pWaveInfo->fp);

        fread((char *)&pWaveInfo->riffChunk.chunkSize, , , pWaveInfo->fp);

        fread((char *)&pWaveInfo->riffChunk.format, , , pWaveInfo->fp);

    }

    else

    {

        fwrite((char *)&pWaveInfo->riffChunk.chunkId, , , pWaveInfo->fp);

        fwrite((char *)&pWaveInfo->riffChunk.chunkSize, , , pWaveInfo->fp);

        fwrite((char *)&pWaveInfo->riffChunk.format, , , pWaveInfo->fp);

    }

}

void rwFmtChunk(WAVE_INFO *pWaveInfo, unsigned char fgRead)

{

    if (fgRead)

    {

        fread((char *)&pWaveInfo->fmtChunk.chunkId, , , pWaveInfo->fp);

        fread((char *)&pWaveInfo->fmtChunk.chunkSize, , , pWaveInfo->fp);

        fread((char *)&pWaveInfo->fmtChunk.audioFormat, , , pWaveInfo->fp);

        fread((char *)&pWaveInfo->fmtChunk.chNum, , , pWaveInfo->fp);

        fread((char *)&pWaveInfo->fmtChunk.sampleRate, , , pWaveInfo->fp);

        fread((char *)&pWaveInfo->fmtChunk.byteRate, , , pWaveInfo->fp);

        fread((char *)&pWaveInfo->fmtChunk.blockAlign, , , pWaveInfo->fp);

        fread((char *)&pWaveInfo->fmtChunk.bitsPerSample, , , pWaveInfo->fp);

    }

    else

    {

        fwrite((char *)&pWaveInfo->fmtChunk.chunkId, , , pWaveInfo->fp);

        fwrite((char *)&pWaveInfo->fmtChunk.chunkSize, , , pWaveInfo->fp);

        fwrite((char *)&pWaveInfo->fmtChunk.audioFormat, , , pWaveInfo->fp);

        fwrite((char *)&pWaveInfo->fmtChunk.chNum, , , pWaveInfo->fp);

        fwrite((char *)&pWaveInfo->fmtChunk.sampleRate, , , pWaveInfo->fp);

        fwrite((char *)&pWaveInfo->fmtChunk.byteRate, , , pWaveInfo->fp);

        fwrite((char *)&pWaveInfo->fmtChunk.blockAlign, , , pWaveInfo->fp);

        fwrite((char *)&pWaveInfo->fmtChunk.bitsPerSample, , , pWaveInfo->fp);

    }

}

void rwDataChunk(WAVE_INFO *pWaveInfo, unsigned char fgRead)

{

    if (fgRead)

    {

        fread((char *)&pWaveInfo->dataChunk.chunkId, , , pWaveInfo->fp);

        fread((char *)&pWaveInfo->dataChunk.chunkSize, , , pWaveInfo->fp);

    }

    else

    {

        fwrite((char *)&pWaveInfo->dataChunk.chunkId, , , pWaveInfo->fp);

        fwrite((char *)&pWaveInfo->dataChunk.chunkSize, , , pWaveInfo->fp);

    }

}

void readWaveHeader(char *fileName, WAVE_INFO *pWaveInfo)

{

    size_t retSize;

    strncpy(pWaveInfo->fileName, fileName, strlen(fileName));

    pWaveInfo->fp = fopen(fileName, "rb");

    if (pWaveInfo->fp == NULL)

    {

        printf("fopen fail, errno:%d\n", errno);

        return;

    }

    #if 0

    retSize = fread((char *)&pWaveInfo->riffChunk, sizeof(WAVE_RIFF), , pWaveInfo->fp);

    retSize = fread((char *)&pWaveInfo->fmtChunk, sizeof(WAVE_FMT), , pWaveInfo->fp);

    retSize = fread((char *)&pWaveInfo->dataChunk, sizeof(WAVE_DATA), , pWaveInfo->fp);

    #endif

    rwRiffChunk(pWaveInfo, );

    rwFmtChunk(pWaveInfo, );

    rwDataChunk(pWaveInfo, );

    pWaveInfo->pos = ftell(pWaveInfo->fp);

    pWaveInfo->totalSampleNum = pWaveInfo->dataChunk.chunkSize / (pWaveInfo->fmtChunk.bitsPerSample / );

    fclose(pWaveInfo->fp);

    printWaveHeader(pWaveInfo);

}

void initPpBuf(unsigned short chNum, unsigned short bankNum, unsigned long samplesPerBank, unsigned short bytesPerSample)

{

    unsigned short chIdx, bankIdx;

    gPpBuf.chNum = chNum;

    gPpBuf.bankNum = bankNum;

    gPpBuf.samplesPerBank = samplesPerBank;

    gPpBuf.bytesPerSample = bytesPerSample;

    gPpBuf.bankRp = gPpBuf.bankWp = ;

    gPpBuf.fgEos = ;

    gPpBuf.pData = (unsigned char ***)malloc(chNum * sizeof(unsigned char **));

    for (chIdx = ; chIdx < chNum; chIdx++)

    {

        gPpBuf.pData[chIdx] = (unsigned char **)malloc(bankNum * sizeof(unsigned char *));

        for (bankIdx =; bankIdx < bankNum; bankIdx++)

        {

            gPpBuf.pData[chIdx][bankIdx] = (unsigned char *) malloc(samplesPerBank * bytesPerSample * sizeof(unsigned char));

        }

    }

}

int sendData(unsigned char *writeBuffer, unsigned short chNum)

{

    unsigned short sampleIdx, chIdx, byteIdx;

    printf("sendData, wp:%d, rp:%d\n", gPpBuf.bankWp, gPpBuf.bankRp);

    if ((gPpBuf.bankWp +  ) % gPpBuf.bankNum == gPpBuf.bankRp)

    {

        //full

        return ;

    }

    else

    {

        for (sampleIdx = ; sampleIdx < PP_SAMPLES; sampleIdx++)

        {

            for (chIdx =; chIdx < chNum; chIdx++)

            {

                for (byteIdx = ; byteIdx < gPpBuf.bytesPerSample; byteIdx++)

                {

               gPpBuf.pData[chIdx][gPpBuf.bankWp][sampleIdx * gPpBuf.bytesPerSample + byteIdx] = writeBuffer[(chIdx + sampleIdx * chNum) * gPpBuf.bytesPerSample + byteIdx];

          }

            }

        }

        gPpBuf.bankWp = (gPpBuf.bankWp + ) % gPpBuf.bankNum;

    }

    return ;

}

int recvData(unsigned char **readBuffer)

{

    unsigned short chIdx;

    printf("recvData, wp:%d, rp:%d\n", gPpBuf.bankWp, gPpBuf.bankRp);

    if (gPpBuf.bankWp == gPpBuf.bankRp)

    {

        //empty

        return ;

    }

    else

    {

        for (chIdx = ; chIdx < gPpBuf.chNum; chIdx++)

        {

            memcpy(&readBuffer[chIdx][], &gPpBuf.pData[chIdx][gPpBuf.bankRp][], PP_SAMPLES * gPpBuf.bytesPerSample * sizeof(unsigned char));

        }

        gPpBuf.bankRp = (gPpBuf.bankRp + ) % gPpBuf.bankNum;

    }

    return ;

}

void *readThread(void *arg)

{

    char *fileName = (char *)arg;

    size_t retSize;

    WAVE_INFO waveInfo;

    memset(&waveInfo, , sizeof(WAVE_INFO));

    unsigned long bytesPerLoop;

    unsigned short loopIdx, loop;

    unsigned long readCount = ;

    readWaveHeader(fileName, &waveInfo);

    unsigned long readSize = READ_SAMPLES * waveInfo.fmtChunk.chNum * waveInfo.fmtChunk.bitsPerSample / ;

    printf("readSize:%ld\n", readSize);

    unsigned char *readBuffer = (unsigned char *)malloc(readSize * sizeof(unsigned char));

    waveInfo.fp = fopen(fileName, "rb");

    fseek(waveInfo.fp,  waveInfo.pos, SEEK_SET);

    while ()

    {

        retSize = fread(readBuffer, readSize, , waveInfo.fp);

        if (retSize <= )

        {

             printf("fread fail,retSize:%d, %s, eof:%d, readCount:%ld\n", (int) retSize, strerror(errno), feof(waveInfo.fp), readCount);

             gPpBuf.fgEos = ;

             break;

        }

        else

        {

             bytesPerLoop = PP_SAMPLES *waveInfo.fmtChunk.chNum * waveInfo.fmtChunk.bitsPerSample / ;

             loop = readSize / bytesPerLoop;

             loopIdx = ;

             while (loopIdx < loop)

             {

                 if ( != sendData(readBuffer + loopIdx * bytesPerLoop, waveInfo.fmtChunk.chNum))

                 {

                     usleep();

                 }

                 else

                 {

                     loopIdx++;

                 }

             }

             readCount++;

        }

    }

    return NULL;

}

void pp()

{

}

void saveOneChInWave(unsigned char *pData, unsigned long size, WAVE_INFO *pWaveInfo)

{

   size_t retSize = ;

   if (pWaveInfo->fp == NULL)

   {

       pWaveInfo->fp = fopen(pWaveInfo->fileName, "wb");

       #if 0

       retSize = fwrite((char *)&pWaveInfo->riffChunk, sizeof(WAVE_RIFF), , pWaveInfo->fp);

       retSize = fwrite((char *)&pWaveInfo->fmtChunk, sizeof(WAVE_FMT), , pWaveInfo->fp);

        retSize = fwrite((char *)&pWaveInfo->dataChunk, sizeof(WAVE_DATA), , pWaveInfo->fp);

        #endif

        rwRiffChunk(pWaveInfo, );

        rwFmtChunk(pWaveInfo, );

        rwDataChunk(pWaveInfo, );

    }

    retSize = fwrite(pData, size, , pWaveInfo->fp);

    pWaveInfo->totalSampleNum += (size / pWaveInfo->fmtChunk.chNum / (pWaveInfo->fmtChunk.bitsPerSample / ));

    pWaveInfo->pos = ftell(pWaveInfo->fp);

}

void updateWaveHeader(WAVE_INFO *pWaveInfo)

{

    size_t retSize;

    pWaveInfo->riffChunk.chunkSize = pWaveInfo->pos - ;

    pWaveInfo->dataChunk.chunkSize = pWaveInfo->totalSampleNum * pWaveInfo->fmtChunk.chNum * pWaveInfo->fmtChunk.bitsPerSample / ;

    fseek(pWaveInfo->fp,  , SEEK_SET);

    #if 0

    retSize = fwrite((char *)&pWaveInfo->riffChunk, sizeof(WAVE_RIFF), , pWaveInfo->fp);

    retSize = fwrite((char *)&pWaveInfo->fmtChunk, sizeof(WAVE_FMT), , pWaveInfo->fp);

    retSize = fwrite((char *)&pWaveInfo->dataChunk, sizeof(WAVE_DATA), , pWaveInfo->fp);

    #endif

    rwRiffChunk(pWaveInfo, );

    rwFmtChunk(pWaveInfo, );

    rwDataChunk(pWaveInfo, );

    fclose(pWaveInfo->fp);

    printWaveHeader(pWaveInfo);

}

void *ppThread(void *arg)

{

    char *fileName = (char *)arg;

    WAVE_INFO waveInfo;

    memset(&waveInfo, , sizeof(waveInfo));

    strncpy(waveInfo.fileName, fileName, strlen(fileName));

    printf("out file:%s\n", waveInfo.fileName);

    waveInfo.fp = NULL;

    initWaveInfo(&waveInfo, , , );

    unsigned char **readBuffer = (unsigned char **)malloc(gPpBuf.chNum * sizeof(unsigned char *));

    unsigned short chIdx;

    for(chIdx = ; chIdx < gPpBuf.chNum; chIdx++)

    {

        readBuffer[chIdx] = (unsigned char *)malloc(PP_SAMPLES * gPpBuf.bytesPerSample * sizeof(unsigned char));

    }

    while ()

    {

        if ( != recvData(readBuffer))

        {

            if (gPpBuf.fgEos)

                break;

            usleep();

        }

        else

        {

            saveOneChInWave(readBuffer[], PP_SAMPLES * gPpBuf.bytesPerSample, &waveInfo);

            pp();

        }

    }

    updateWaveHeader(&waveInfo);

    fgEnd = ;

}

int main(int argc, char **argv)

{

#if 0

    WAVE_INFO inputWaveInfo, outputWaveInfo;

    readWaveHeader(argv[], &inputWaveInfo);

    //initWaveInfo(&outputWaveInfo, 2, 48000, 16);

#endif

#if 1

    pthread_t readThreadId, ppThreadId;

    initPpBuf(, , PP_SAMPLES, );

    pthread_create(&readThreadId, NULL, readThread, argv[]);

    pthread_create(&ppThreadId, NULL, ppThread, argv[]);

    while(!fgEnd)

    {

        sleep();

    }

#endif

    return ;

}

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