实验 4 ：Open vSwitch 实验 —— Mininet 中使用 OVS 命令

实验 4 ：Open vSwitch 实验 —— Mininet 中使用 OVS 命令

一、实验目的

Mininet 安装之后，会连带安装 Open vSwitch，可以直接通过 Python 脚本调用 Open vSwitch 命令，从而直接控制 Open vSwitch，通过实验了解调用控制的方法。

二 、实验任务

在本实验中，使用 Mininet 基于 Python 的脚本，调用“ovs-vsctl”命令直接控制Open vSwitch。使用默认的交换机泛洪规则，设置更高的优先级规则进行预先定义 IP 报文的转发。在多个交换机中通过设置不同 TOS 值的数据包将通过不同的方式到达目的地址，验证主机间的连通性及到达目的地址的时间。

三 、 实验步骤

1. 实验环境

安装了 Ubuntu 18.04.5 Desktop amd64 的虚拟机

2. 实验过程

SDNLAB 实验参考资料：https://www.sdnlab.com/15083.html

（ 1 ）创建 ovsSingleBr.py 脚本并添加内容，代码参考SDNLAB脚本对应的拓扑如上图所示，执行 ovsSingleBr.py，在没有控制器的情况下，在 Mininet 脚本中通过调用 ovs 命令直接向 switch0 交换机下发流表，将入端口号为 1/2/3 的数据包泛洪广播，并对目的地址为 192.168.123.1/2/3 的数据包分别从1/2/3 端口转发出去。之后测试 h0 ping h1，h0 ping h2，网络连通。

# ovsSingleBr.py
#!/usr/bin/python

from mininet.net import Mininet
from mininet.node import Node
from mininet.link import Link
from mininet.log import  setLogLevel, info

def myNet():
    "Create network from scratch using Open vSwitch."

    info( "*** Creating nodes\n" )
    switch0 = Node( 's0', inNamespace=False )

    h0 = Node( 'h0' )
    h1 = Node( 'h1' )
    h2 = Node( 'h2' )

    info( "*** Creating links\n" )
    Link( h0, switch0)
    Link( h1, switch0)
    Link( h2, switch0)

    info( "*** Configuring hosts\n" )
    h0.setIP( '192.168.123.1/24' )
    h1.setIP( '192.168.123.2/24' )
    h2.setIP( '192.168.123.3/24' )

    info( "*** Starting network using Open vSwitch\n" )
    switch0.cmd( 'ovs-vsctl del-br dp0' )
    switch0.cmd( 'ovs-vsctl add-br dp0' )

    for intf in switch0.intfs.values():
        print intf
        print switch0.cmd( 'ovs-vsctl add-port dp0 %s' % intf )

    # Note: controller and switch are in root namespace, and we
    # can connect via loopback interface
    #switch0.cmd( 'ovs-vsctl set-controller dp0 tcp:127.0.0.1:6633' )

    print switch0.cmd(r'ovs-vsctl show')

    print switch0.cmd(r'ovs-ofctl add-flow dp0 idle_timeout=0,priority=1,in_port=1,actions=flood' )
    print switch0.cmd(r'ovs-ofctl add-flow dp0 idle_timeout=0,priority=1,in_port=2,actions=flood' )
    print switch0.cmd(r'ovs-ofctl add-flow dp0 idle_timeout=0,priority=1,in_port=3,actions=flood' )

    print switch0.cmd(r'ovs-ofctl add-flow dp0 idle_timeout=0,priority=10,ip,nw_dst=192.168.123.1,actions=output:1' )
    print switch0.cmd(r'ovs-ofctl add-flow dp0 idle_timeout=0,priority=10,ip,nw_dst=192.168.123.2,actions=output:2' )
    print switch0.cmd(r'ovs-ofctl add-flow dp0 idle_timeout=0,priority=10,ip,nw_dst=192.168.123.3,actions=output:3')

    #switch0.cmd('tcpdump -i s0-eth0 -U -w aaa &')
    #h0.cmd('tcpdump -i h0-eth0 -U -w aaa &')
    info( "*** Running test\n" )
    h0.cmdPrint( 'ping -c 3 ' + h1.IP() )
    h0.cmdPrint( 'ping -c 3 ' + h2.IP() )

    #print switch0.cmd( 'ovs-ofctl show dp0' )
    #print switch0.cmd( 'ovs-ofctl dump-tables  dp0' )
    #print switch0.cmd( 'ovs-ofctl dump-ports   dp0' )
    #print switch0.cmd( 'ovs-ofctl dump-flows  dp0' )
    #print switch0.cmd( 'ovs-ofctl dump-aggregate  dp0' )
    #print switch0.cmd( 'ovs-ofctl queue-stats dp0' )

    info( "*** Stopping network\n" )
    switch0.cmd( 'ovs-vsctl del-br dp0' )
    switch0.deleteIntfs()
    info( '\n' )

if __name__ == '__main__':
    setLogLevel( 'info' )
    info( '*** Scratch network demo (kernel datapath)\n' )
    Mininet.init()
    myNet()

（ 2 ） 创建 ovsMultiBr.py 脚本并添加内容，代码参考 SDNLAB 脚本对应的拓扑如上图所示，执行 ovsMultiBr.py，在没有控制器的情况下，在Mininet 脚本中通过调用 ovs 命令给多个交换机下发流表，通过 h0 ping h1 操作测试验证主机间的连通性，并通过 -Q 参数设置不通的 tos 值查看主机间的连通性。通过验证发现，tos 值设置越大，时间使用越少。

# ovsMultiBr.py
#!/usr/bin/python

from mininet.net import Mininet
from mininet.node import Node
from mininet.link import TCLink
from mininet.log import  setLogLevel, info

def myNet():
    "Create network from scratch using Open vSwitch."

    info( "*** Creating nodes\n" )
    switch0 = Node( 's0', inNamespace=False )
    switch1 = Node( 's1', inNamespace=False )
    switch2 = Node( 's2', inNamespace=False )
    switch3 = Node( 's3', inNamespace=False )
    switch4 = Node( 's4', inNamespace=False )
    h0 = Node( 'h0' )
    h1 = Node( 'h1' )

    info( "*** Creating links\n" )
    linkopts0=dict(bw=100, delay='1ms', loss=0)
    linkopts1=dict(bw=1, delay='100ms', loss=0)
    linkopts2=dict(bw=10, delay='50ms', loss=0)
    linkopts3=dict(bw=100, delay='1ms', loss=0)
    TCLink( h0, switch0, **linkopts0)
    TCLink( switch0, switch1, **linkopts0)
    TCLink( switch0, switch2, **linkopts0)
    TCLink( switch0, switch3, **linkopts0)
    TCLink( switch1, switch4,**linkopts1)
    TCLink( switch2, switch4,**linkopts2)
    TCLink( switch3, switch4,**linkopts3)
    TCLink( h1, switch4, **linkopts0)

    info( "*** Configuring hosts\n" )
    h0.setIP( '192.168.123.1/24' )
    h1.setIP( '192.168.123.2/24' )
    info( str( h0 ) + '\n' )
    info( str( h1 ) + '\n' )

    info( "*** Starting network using Open vSwitch\n" )
    switch0.cmd( 'ovs-vsctl del-br dp0' )
    switch0.cmd( 'ovs-vsctl add-br dp0' )
    switch1.cmd( 'ovs-vsctl del-br dp1' )
    switch1.cmd( 'ovs-vsctl add-br dp1' )
    switch2.cmd( 'ovs-vsctl del-br dp2' )
    switch2.cmd( 'ovs-vsctl add-br dp2' )
    switch3.cmd( 'ovs-vsctl del-br dp3' )
    switch3.cmd( 'ovs-vsctl add-br dp3' )
    switch4.cmd( 'ovs-vsctl del-br dp4' )
    switch4.cmd( 'ovs-vsctl add-br dp4' )

    for intf in switch0.intfs.values():
        print intf
        print switch0.cmd( 'ovs-vsctl add-port dp0 %s' % intf )

    for intf in switch1.intfs.values():
        print intf
        print switch1.cmd( 'ovs-vsctl add-port dp1 %s' % intf )

    for intf in switch2.intfs.values():
        print intf
        print switch2.cmd( 'ovs-vsctl add-port dp2 %s' % intf )

    for intf in switch3.intfs.values():
        print intf
        print switch3.cmd( 'ovs-vsctl add-port dp3 %s' % intf )

    for intf in switch4.intfs.values():
        print intf
        print switch4.cmd( 'ovs-vsctl add-port dp4 %s' % intf )

    print switch1.cmd(r'ovs-ofctl add-flow dp1 idle_timeout=0,priority=1,in_port=1,actions=flood' )
    print switch1.cmd(r'ovs-ofctl add-flow dp1 idle_timeout=0,priority=1,in_port=1,actions=output:2' )
    print switch1.cmd(r'ovs-ofctl add-flow dp1 idle_timeout=0,priority=1,in_port=2,actions=output:1' )
    print switch2.cmd(r'ovs-ofctl add-flow dp2 idle_timeout=0,priority=1,in_port=1,actions=output:2' )
    print switch2.cmd(r'ovs-ofctl add-flow dp2 idle_timeout=0,priority=1,in_port=2,actions=output:1' )
    print switch3.cmd(r'ovs-ofctl add-flow dp3 idle_timeout=0,priority=1,in_port=1,actions=output:2' )
    print switch3.cmd(r'ovs-ofctl add-flow dp3 idle_timeout=0,priority=1,in_port=2,actions=output:1' )
    print switch4.cmd(r'ovs-ofctl add-flow dp4 idle_timeout=0,priority=1,in_port=1,actions=output:4' )
    print switch4.cmd(r'ovs-ofctl add-flow dp4 idle_timeout=0,priority=1,in_port=2,actions=output:4' )
    print switch4.cmd(r'ovs-ofctl add-flow dp4 idle_timeout=0,priority=1,in_port=3,actions=output:4' )
    print switch4.cmd(r'ovs-ofctl add-flow dp4 idle_timeout=0,priority=1,in_port=4,actions=output:3' )

    #print switch0.cmd(r'ovs-ofctl add-flow dp0 idle_timeout=0,priority=10,ip,nw_dst=192.168.123.2,actions=output:4')
    print switch0.cmd(r'ovs-ofctl add-flow dp0 idle_timeout=0,priority=10,ip,nw_dst=192.168.123.2,nw_tos=0x10,actions=output:2')
    print switch0.cmd(r'ovs-ofctl add-flow dp0 idle_timeout=0,priority=10,ip,nw_dst=192.168.123.2,nw_tos=0x20,actions=output:3')
    print switch0.cmd(r'ovs-ofctl add-flow dp0 idle_timeout=0,priority=10,ip,nw_dst=192.168.123.2,nw_tos=0x30,actions=output:4')
    #print switch0.cmd(r'ovs-ofctl add-flow dp0 idle_timeout=0,priority=10,ip,nw_dst=192.168.123.1,actions=output:1')

    #switch0.cmd('tcpdump -i s0-eth0 -U -w aaa &')
    #h0.cmd('tcpdump -i h0-eth0 -U -w aaa &')
    info( "*** Running test\n" )
    h0.cmdPrint( 'ping -Q 0x10 -c 3 ' + h1.IP() )
    h0.cmdPrint( 'ping -Q 0x20 -c 3 ' + h1.IP() )
    h0.cmdPrint( 'ping -Q 0x30 -c 3 ' + h1.IP() )
    #h1.cmdPrint('iperf -s -p 12345 -u &')
    #h0.cmdPrint('iperf -c ' + h1.IP() +' -u -b 10m -p 12345 -t 10 -i 1')

    #print switch0.cmd( 'ovs-ofctl show dp0' )
    #print switch1.cmd( 'ovs-ofctl show dp1' )
    #print switch2.cmd( 'ovs-ofctl show dp2' )
    #print switch3.cmd( 'ovs-ofctl show dp3' )
    #print switch4.cmd( 'ovs-ofctl show dp4' )
    #print switch0.cmd( 'ovs-ofctl dump-tables  dp0' )
    #print switch0.cmd( 'ovs-ofctl dump-ports   dp0' )
    #print switch0.cmd( 'ovs-ofctl dump-flows  dp0' )
    #print switch0.cmd( 'ovs-ofctl dump-aggregate  dp0' )
    #print switch0.cmd( 'ovs-ofctl queue-stats dp0' )

    #print "Testing video transmission between h1 and h2"
    #h1.cmd('./myrtg_svc -u > myrd &')
    #h0.cmd('./mystg_svc -trace st 192.168.123.2')

    info( "*** Stopping network\n" )
    switch0.cmd( 'ovs-vsctl del-br dp0' )
    switch0.deleteIntfs()
    switch1.cmd( 'ovs-vsctl del-br dp1' )
    switch1.deleteIntfs()
    switch2.cmd( 'ovs-vsctl del-br dp2' )
    switch2.deleteIntfs()
    switch3.cmd( 'ovs-vsctl del-br dp3' )
    switch3.deleteIntfs()
    switch4.cmd( 'ovs-vsctl del-br dp4' )
    switch4.deleteIntfs()
    info( '\n' )

if __name__ == '__main__':
    setLogLevel( 'info' )
    info( '*** Scratch network demo (kernel datapath)\n' )
    Mininet.init()
    myNet()

四 、实验 要求

1. 学习 ovsSingleBr.py 和 ovsMultiBr.py，在下图拓扑中实现一个 VLAN。

上述代码将 h0 和 h2 划分在 VLAN0 中，h1 和 h3 划分在 VLAN1 中，由于拓扑没有控制器，并且初始化时删除了交换机中的所有流表，因此除非下发流表，否则主机之间网络无法连通。请尝试修改代码，利用 ovs 命令直接下发 VLAN 设置的流表项，最终测试 h0 和 h2 互通，h1 和 h3 互通，其余主机均不通，结果如下图。

（这里用h1和h3互通，h2和h4互通）

# test4.py
# coding=UTF-8
#!/usr/bin/python
from mininet.net import Mininet
from mininet.link import TCLink
from mininet.node import Node
from mininet.log import setLogLevel, info
from mininet.cli import CLI

def test4():
    "Create network from scratch using Open vSwitch."
    net = Mininet()
    info( "*** Creating nodes\n" )
    switch0 = net.addSwitch( 's0' )
    switch1 = net.addSwitch( 's1' )
    h1 = net.addHost( 'h1' )
    h2 = net.addHost( 'h2' )
    h3 = net.addHost( 'h3' )
    h4 = net.addHost( 'h4' )

    info( "*** Creating links\n" )
    net.addLink( h1, switch0 )
    net.addLink( h2, switch0 )
    net.addLink( h3, switch0 )
    net.addLink( h4, switch0 )
    net.addLink( switch1, switch0 )

    info( "*** Configuring hosts\n" )
    h1.setIP( '192.168.123.1/24' )
    h2.setIP( '192.168.123.2/24' )
    h3.setIP( '192.168.123.3/24' )
    h4.setIP( '192.168.123.4/24' )
    info( str( h1 ) + '\n' )
    info( str( h2 ) + '\n' )
    info( str( h3 ) + '\n' )
    info( str( h4 ) + '\n' )

    net.start()
    CLI(net)
    net.stop()

if __name__=='__main__':
    setLogLevel( 'info' )
    info( '*** Scratch network demo (kernel datapath)\n' )
    Mininet.init()
    test4()

sudo ovs-ofctl -O OpenFlow13 add-flow s0 priority=1,in_port=1,actions=push_vlan:0x8100,set_field:4096-\>vlan_vid,output:3
sudo ovs-ofctl -O OpenFlow13 add-flow s0 priority=1,in_port=2,actions=push_vlan:0x8100,set_field:4097-\>vlan_vid,output:3
sudo ovs-ofctl -O OpenFlow13 add-flow s0 priority=1,dl_vlan=0,actions=pop_vlan,output:1
sudo ovs-ofctl -O OpenFlow13 add-flow s0 priority=1,dl_vlan=1,actions=pop_vlan,output:2

sudo ovs-ofctl -O OpenFlow13 add-flow s1 priority=1,in_port=1,actions=push_vlan:0x8100,set_field:4096-\>vlan_vid,output:3
sudo ovs-ofctl -O OpenFlow13 add-flow s1 priority=1,in_port=2,actions=push_vlan:0x8100,set_field:4097-\>vlan_vid,output:3
sudo ovs-ofctl -O OpenFlow13 add-flow s1 priority=1,dl_vlan=0,actions=pop_vlan,output:1
sudo ovs-ofctl -O OpenFlow13 add-flow s1 priority=1,dl_vlan=1,actions=pop_vlan,output:2

OVS 实现 VLAN 可参考博客：https://www.cnblogs.com/fjlinww/p/11791846.html