python--003 数据类型
运算符
in
"heilo" in "adfsdfsdfsdfsdfdsfdshellofsdfdsf"
"li" in ["li","ok"]
n1=123;
n2=123;
默认两份内存地址；
例外
if（n1 在 -5 到 257 之间）
一份内存，因为 py做了优化
else：
两份地址；
===》获取对象的内存地址 id(对象或对象的变量名);
int长度：
使用int 如果超出了长度范围，（和机器系统相关）就变了长整行 L；
long 类型的长度 和内存相关。内存多大 就可以多大。
32位系统： -2**31 ~~2**31-1；
64位系统： -2**63~~2**63-1
strict 是严格模式，如果编码失败就会报错。
字符串类型
str('alex');
无参数创建空字符串；
一个参数：创建普通字符串；
两个参数：字符串，字节编码；
s1='alex';
s1.strip(); #两端去空格；s1.lstrip(); s1.rstrip();
s1.startwith(); 以什么。。。开头；s1.endtwith();
s1.find();# 参数 sub就是子序列；可以有一个字符 也可以多个字符。 和开始结束位置；
s1.replace() 查找替换；
s1.upper() 大写；
s1.is....
公共功能：
索引 :只能取一个元素，
切片：可以多个元素；
len： 长度
for 循环；
s1="alex";拿出a
s1.index('a');#0
s1[0] # 索引；
s1[0:1] # 一个是开始 ，一个是结束 ，中间是： 这个是切片； <=0 <1 拿到了a
如果要拿le
s1[1:3]
py3.5 ok 汉字（严格按照字符循环）；2.7乱码（字节循环）；
\x 是16进制；
2、比较运算：
3、赋值运算：
4、逻辑运算：
5、成员运算：
基本数据类型
1、数字
int（整型）
在32位机器上，整数的位数为32位，取值范围为-2**31～2**31-1，即-2147483648～2147483647
在64位系统上，整数的位数为64位，取值范围为-2**63～2**63-1，即-9223372036854775808～9223372036854775807
在64位系统上，整数的位数为64位，取值范围为-2**63～2**63-1，即-9223372036854775808～9223372036854775807
class int(object):
"""
int(x=0) -> int or long
int(x, base=10) -> int or long Convert a number or string to an integer, or return 0 if no arguments
are given. If x is floating point, the conversion truncates towards zero.
If x is outside the integer range, the function returns a long instead. If x is not a number or if base is given, then x must be a string or
Unicode object representing an integer literal in the given base. The
literal can be preceded by '+' or '-' and be surrounded by whitespace.
The base defaults to 10. Valid bases are 0 and 2-36. Base 0 means to
interpret the base from the string as an integer literal.
>>> int('0b100', base=0)
4
"""
def bit_length(self):
""" 返回表示该数字的时占用的最少位数 """
"""
int.bit_length() -> int Number of bits necessary to represent self in binary.
>>> bin(37)
'0b100101'
>>> (37).bit_length()
6
"""
return 0 def conjugate(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" 返回该复数的共轭复数 """
""" Returns self, the complex conjugate of any int. """
pass def __abs__(self):
""" 返回绝对值 """
""" x.__abs__() <==> abs(x) """
pass def __add__(self, y):
""" x.__add__(y) <==> x+y """
pass def __and__(self, y):
""" x.__and__(y) <==> x&y """
pass def __cmp__(self, y):
""" 比较两个数大小 """
""" x.__cmp__(y) <==> cmp(x,y) """
pass def __coerce__(self, y):
""" 强制生成一个元组 """
""" x.__coerce__(y) <==> coerce(x, y) """
pass def __divmod__(self, y):
""" 相除，得到商和余数组成的元组 """
""" x.__divmod__(y) <==> divmod(x, y) """
pass def __div__(self, y):
""" x.__div__(y) <==> x/y """
pass def __float__(self):
""" 转换为浮点类型 """
""" x.__float__() <==> float(x) """
pass def __floordiv__(self, y):
""" x.__floordiv__(y) <==> x//y """
pass def __format__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
pass def __getattribute__(self, name):
""" x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name """
pass def __getnewargs__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" 内部调用 __new__方法或创建对象时传入参数使用 """
pass def __hash__(self):
"""如果对象object为哈希表类型，返回对象object的哈希值。哈希值为整数。在字典查找中，哈希值用于快速比较字典的键。两个数值如果相等，则哈希值也相等。"""
""" x.__hash__() <==> hash(x) """
pass def __hex__(self):
""" 返回当前数的 十六进制 表示 """
""" x.__hex__() <==> hex(x) """
pass def __index__(self):
""" 用于切片，数字无意义 """
""" x[y:z] <==> x[y.__index__():z.__index__()] """
pass def __init__(self, x, base=10): # known special case of int.__init__
""" 构造方法，执行 x = 123 或 x = int(10) 时，自动调用，暂时忽略 """
"""
int(x=0) -> int or long
int(x, base=10) -> int or long Convert a number or string to an integer, or return 0 if no arguments
are given. If x is floating point, the conversion truncates towards zero.
If x is outside the integer range, the function returns a long instead. If x is not a number or if base is given, then x must be a string or
Unicode object representing an integer literal in the given base. The
literal can be preceded by '+' or '-' and be surrounded by whitespace.
The base defaults to 10. Valid bases are 0 and 2-36. Base 0 means to
interpret the base from the string as an integer literal.
>>> int('0b100', base=0)
4
# (copied from class doc)
"""
pass def __int__(self):
""" 转换为整数 """
""" x.__int__() <==> int(x) """
pass def __invert__(self):
""" x.__invert__() <==> ~x """
pass def __long__(self):
""" 转换为长整数 """
""" x.__long__() <==> long(x) """
pass def __lshift__(self, y):
""" x.__lshift__(y) <==> x<<y """
pass def __mod__(self, y):
""" x.__mod__(y) <==> x%y """
pass def __mul__(self, y):
""" x.__mul__(y) <==> x*y """
pass def __neg__(self):
""" x.__neg__() <==> -x """
pass @staticmethod # known case of __new__
def __new__(S, *more):
""" T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T """
pass def __nonzero__(self):
""" x.__nonzero__() <==> x != 0 """
pass def __oct__(self):
""" 返回改值的 八进制 表示 """
""" x.__oct__() <==> oct(x) """
pass def __or__(self, y):
""" x.__or__(y) <==> x|y """
pass def __pos__(self):
""" x.__pos__() <==> +x """
pass def __pow__(self, y, z=None):
""" 幂，次方 """
""" x.__pow__(y[, z]) <==> pow(x, y[, z]) """
pass def __radd__(self, y):
""" x.__radd__(y) <==> y+x """
pass def __rand__(self, y):
""" x.__rand__(y) <==> y&x """
pass def __rdivmod__(self, y):
""" x.__rdivmod__(y) <==> divmod(y, x) """
pass def __rdiv__(self, y):
""" x.__rdiv__(y) <==> y/x """
pass def __repr__(self):
"""转化为解释器可读取的形式 """
""" x.__repr__() <==> repr(x) """
pass def __str__(self):
"""转换为人阅读的形式，如果没有适于人阅读的解释形式的话，则返回解释器课阅读的形式"""
""" x.__str__() <==> str(x) """
pass def __rfloordiv__(self, y):
""" x.__rfloordiv__(y) <==> y//x """
pass def __rlshift__(self, y):
""" x.__rlshift__(y) <==> y<<x """
pass def __rmod__(self, y):
""" x.__rmod__(y) <==> y%x """
pass def __rmul__(self, y):
""" x.__rmul__(y) <==> y*x """
pass def __ror__(self, y):
""" x.__ror__(y) <==> y|x """
pass def __rpow__(self, x, z=None):
""" y.__rpow__(x[, z]) <==> pow(x, y[, z]) """
pass def __rrshift__(self, y):
""" x.__rrshift__(y) <==> y>>x """
pass def __rshift__(self, y):
""" x.__rshift__(y) <==> x>>y """
pass def __rsub__(self, y):
""" x.__rsub__(y) <==> y-x """
pass def __rtruediv__(self, y):
""" x.__rtruediv__(y) <==> y/x """
pass def __rxor__(self, y):
""" x.__rxor__(y) <==> y^x """
pass def __sub__(self, y):
""" x.__sub__(y) <==> x-y """
pass def __truediv__(self, y):
""" x.__truediv__(y) <==> x/y """
pass def __trunc__(self, *args, **kwargs):
""" 返回数值被截取为整形的值，在整形中无意义 """
pass def __xor__(self, y):
""" x.__xor__(y) <==> x^y """
pass denominator = property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None) # default
""" 分母 = 1 """
"""the denominator of a rational number in lowest terms""" imag = property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None) # default
""" 虚数，无意义 """
"""the imaginary part of a complex number""" numerator = property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None) # default
""" 分子 = 数字大小 """
"""the numerator of a rational number in lowest terms""" real = property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None) # default
""" 实属，无意义 """
"""the real part of a complex number"""
2、布尔值
真或假
1 或 0
3、字符串
"hello world"
字符串常用功能：
- 移除空白
- 分割
- 长度
- 索引
- 切片
class str(basestring):
"""
str(object='') -> string Return a nice string representation of the object.
If the argument is a string, the return value is the same object.
"""
def capitalize(self):
""" 首字母变大写 """
"""
S.capitalize() -> string Return a copy of the string S with only its first character
capitalized.
"""
return "" def center(self, width, fillchar=None):
""" 内容居中，width：总长度；fillchar：空白处填充内容，默认无 """
"""
S.center(width[, fillchar]) -> string Return S centered in a string of length width. Padding is
done using the specified fill character (default is a space)
"""
return "" def count(self, sub, start=None, end=None):
""" 子序列个数 """
"""
S.count(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int Return the number of non-overlapping occurrences of substring sub in
string S[start:end]. Optional arguments start and end are interpreted
as in slice notation.
"""
return 0 def decode(self, encoding=None, errors=None):
""" 解码 """
"""
S.decode([encoding[,errors]]) -> object Decodes S using the codec registered for encoding. encoding defaults
to the default encoding. errors may be given to set a different error
handling scheme. Default is 'strict' meaning that encoding errors raise
a UnicodeDecodeError. Other possible values are 'ignore' and 'replace'
as well as any other name registered with codecs.register_error that is
able to handle UnicodeDecodeErrors.
"""
return object() def encode(self, encoding=None, errors=None):
""" 编码，针对unicode """
"""
S.encode([encoding[,errors]]) -> object Encodes S using the codec registered for encoding. encoding defaults
to the default encoding. errors may be given to set a different error
handling scheme. Default is 'strict' meaning that encoding errors raise
a UnicodeEncodeError. Other possible values are 'ignore', 'replace' and
'xmlcharrefreplace' as well as any other name registered with
codecs.register_error that is able to handle UnicodeEncodeErrors.
"""
return object() def endswith(self, suffix, start=None, end=None):
""" 是否以 xxx 结束 """
"""
S.endswith(suffix[, start[, end]]) -> bool Return True if S ends with the specified suffix, False otherwise.
With optional start, test S beginning at that position.
With optional end, stop comparing S at that position.
suffix can also be a tuple of strings to try.
"""
return False def expandtabs(self, tabsize=None):
""" 将tab转换成空格，默认一个tab转换成8个空格 """
"""
S.expandtabs([tabsize]) -> string Return a copy of S where all tab characters are expanded using spaces.
If tabsize is not given, a tab size of 8 characters is assumed.
"""
return "" def find(self, sub, start=None, end=None):
""" 寻找子序列位置，如果没找到，返回 -1 """
"""
S.find(sub [,start [,end]]) -> int Return the lowest index in S where substring sub is found,
such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional
arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation. Return -1 on failure.
"""
return 0 def format(*args, **kwargs): # known special case of str.format
""" 字符串格式化，动态参数，将函数式编程时细说 """
"""
S.format(*args, **kwargs) -> string Return a formatted version of S, using substitutions from args and kwargs.
The substitutions are identified by braces ('{' and '}').
"""
pass def index(self, sub, start=None, end=None):
""" 子序列位置，如果没找到，报错 """
S.index(sub [,start [,end]]) -> int Like S.find() but raise ValueError when the substring is not found.
"""
return 0 def isalnum(self):
""" 是否是字母和数字 """
"""
S.isalnum() -> bool Return True if all characters in S are alphanumeric
and there is at least one character in S, False otherwise.
"""
return False def isalpha(self):
""" 是否是字母 """
"""
S.isalpha() -> bool Return True if all characters in S are alphabetic
and there is at least one character in S, False otherwise.
"""
return False def isdigit(self):
""" 是否是数字 """
"""
S.isdigit() -> bool Return True if all characters in S are digits
and there is at least one character in S, False otherwise.
"""
return False def islower(self):
""" 是否小写 """
"""
S.islower() -> bool Return True if all cased characters in S are lowercase and there is
at least one cased character in S, False otherwise.
"""
return False def isspace(self):
"""
S.isspace() -> bool Return True if all characters in S are whitespace
and there is at least one character in S, False otherwise.
"""
return False def istitle(self):
"""
S.istitle() -> bool Return True if S is a titlecased string and there is at least one
character in S, i.e. uppercase characters may only follow uncased
characters and lowercase characters only cased ones. Return False
otherwise.
"""
return False def isupper(self):
"""
S.isupper() -> bool Return True if all cased characters in S are uppercase and there is
at least one cased character in S, False otherwise.
"""
return False def join(self, iterable):
""" 连接 """
"""
S.join(iterable) -> string Return a string which is the concatenation of the strings in the
iterable. The separator between elements is S.
"""
return "" def ljust(self, width, fillchar=None):
""" 内容左对齐，右侧填充 """
"""
S.ljust(width[, fillchar]) -> string Return S left-justified in a string of length width. Padding is
done using the specified fill character (default is a space).
"""
return "" def lower(self):
""" 变小写 """
"""
S.lower() -> string Return a copy of the string S converted to lowercase.
"""
return "" def lstrip(self, chars=None):
""" 移除左侧空白 """
"""
S.lstrip([chars]) -> string or unicode Return a copy of the string S with leading whitespace removed.
If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead.
If chars is unicode, S will be converted to unicode before stripping
"""
return "" def partition(self, sep):
""" 分割，前，中，后三部分 """
"""
S.partition(sep) -> (head, sep, tail) Search for the separator sep in S, and return the part before it,
the separator itself, and the part after it. If the separator is not
found, return S and two empty strings.
"""
pass def replace(self, old, new, count=None):
""" 替换 """
"""
S.replace(old, new[, count]) -> string Return a copy of string S with all occurrences of substring
old replaced by new. If the optional argument count is
given, only the first count occurrences are replaced.
"""
return "" def rfind(self, sub, start=None, end=None):
"""
S.rfind(sub [,start [,end]]) -> int Return the highest index in S where substring sub is found,
such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional
arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation. Return -1 on failure.
"""
return 0 def rindex(self, sub, start=None, end=None):
"""
S.rindex(sub [,start [,end]]) -> int Like S.rfind() but raise ValueError when the substring is not found.
"""
return 0 def rjust(self, width, fillchar=None):
"""
S.rjust(width[, fillchar]) -> string Return S right-justified in a string of length width. Padding is
done using the specified fill character (default is a space)
"""
return "" def rpartition(self, sep):
"""
S.rpartition(sep) -> (head, sep, tail) Search for the separator sep in S, starting at the end of S, and return
the part before it, the separator itself, and the part after it. If the
separator is not found, return two empty strings and S.
"""
pass def rsplit(self, sep=None, maxsplit=None):
"""
S.rsplit([sep [,maxsplit]]) -> list of strings Return a list of the words in the string S, using sep as the
delimiter string, starting at the end of the string and working
to the front. If maxsplit is given, at most maxsplit splits are
done. If sep is not specified or is None, any whitespace string
is a separator.
"""
return [] def rstrip(self, chars=None):
"""
S.rstrip([chars]) -> string or unicode Return a copy of the string S with trailing whitespace removed.
If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead.
If chars is unicode, S will be converted to unicode before stripping
"""
return "" def split(self, sep=None, maxsplit=None):
""" 分割， maxsplit最多分割几次 """
"""
S.split([sep [,maxsplit]]) -> list of strings Return a list of the words in the string S, using sep as the
delimiter string. If maxsplit is given, at most maxsplit
splits are done. If sep is not specified or is None, any
whitespace string is a separator and empty strings are removed
from the result.
"""
return [] def splitlines(self, keepends=False):
""" 根据换行分割 """
"""
S.splitlines(keepends=False) -> list of strings Return a list of the lines in S, breaking at line boundaries.
Line breaks are not included in the resulting list unless keepends
is given and true.
"""
return [] def startswith(self, prefix, start=None, end=None):
""" 是否起始 """
"""
S.startswith(prefix[, start[, end]]) -> bool Return True if S starts with the specified prefix, False otherwise.
With optional start, test S beginning at that position.
With optional end, stop comparing S at that position.
prefix can also be a tuple of strings to try.
"""
return False def strip(self, chars=None):
""" 移除两段空白 """
"""
S.strip([chars]) -> string or unicode Return a copy of the string S with leading and trailing
whitespace removed.
If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead.
If chars is unicode, S will be converted to unicode before stripping
"""
return "" def swapcase(self):
""" 大写变小写，小写变大写 """
"""
S.swapcase() -> string Return a copy of the string S with uppercase characters
converted to lowercase and vice versa.
"""
return "" def title(self):
"""
S.title() -> string Return a titlecased version of S, i.e. words start with uppercase
characters, all remaining cased characters have lowercase.
"""
return "" def translate(self, table, deletechars=None):
"""
转换，需要先做一个对应表，最后一个表示删除字符集合
intab = "aeiou"
outtab = "12345"
trantab = maketrans(intab, outtab)
str = "this is string example....wow!!!"
print str.translate(trantab, 'xm')
""" """
S.translate(table [,deletechars]) -> string Return a copy of the string S, where all characters occurring
in the optional argument deletechars are removed, and the
remaining characters have been mapped through the given
translation table, which must be a string of length 256 or None.
If the table argument is None, no translation is applied and
the operation simply removes the characters in deletechars.
"""
return "" def upper(self):
"""
S.upper() -> string Return a copy of the string S converted to uppercase.
"""
return "" def zfill(self, width):
"""方法返回指定长度的字符串，原字符串右对齐，前面填充0。"""
"""
S.zfill(width) -> string Pad a numeric string S with zeros on the left, to fill a field
of the specified width. The string S is never truncated.
"""
return "" def _formatter_field_name_split(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
pass def _formatter_parser(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
pass def __add__(self, y):
""" x.__add__(y) <==> x+y """
pass def __contains__(self, y):
""" x.__contains__(y) <==> y in x """
pass def __eq__(self, y):
""" x.__eq__(y) <==> x==y """
pass def __format__(self, format_spec):
"""
S.__format__(format_spec) -> string Return a formatted version of S as described by format_spec.
"""
return "" def __getattribute__(self, name):
""" x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name """
pass def __getitem__(self, y):
""" x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y] """
pass def __getnewargs__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
pass def __getslice__(self, i, j):
"""
x.__getslice__(i, j) <==> x[i:j] Use of negative indices is not supported.
"""
pass def __ge__(self, y):
""" x.__ge__(y) <==> x>=y """
pass def __gt__(self, y):
""" x.__gt__(y) <==> x>y """
pass def __hash__(self):
""" x.__hash__() <==> hash(x) """
pass def __init__(self, string=''): # known special case of str.__init__
"""
str(object='') -> string Return a nice string representation of the object.
If the argument is a string, the return value is the same object.
# (copied from class doc)
"""
pass def __len__(self):
""" x.__len__() <==> len(x) """
pass def __le__(self, y):
""" x.__le__(y) <==> x<=y """
pass def __lt__(self, y):
""" x.__lt__(y) <==> x<y """
pass def __mod__(self, y):
""" x.__mod__(y) <==> x%y """
pass def __mul__(self, n):
""" x.__mul__(n) <==> x*n """
pass @staticmethod # known case of __new__
def __new__(S, *more):
""" T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T """
pass def __ne__(self, y):
""" x.__ne__(y) <==> x!=y """
pass def __repr__(self):
""" x.__repr__() <==> repr(x) """
pass def __rmod__(self, y):
""" x.__rmod__(y) <==> y%x """
pass def __rmul__(self, n):
""" x.__rmul__(n) <==> n*x """
pass def __sizeof__(self):
""" S.__sizeof__() -> size of S in memory, in bytes """
pass def __str__(self):
""" x.__str__() <==> str(x) """
pass
4、列表
创建列表：
|
1
2
3
|
name_list = ['alex', 'seven', 'eric']或name_list ＝ list(['alex', 'seven', 'eric']) |
基本操作：
- 索引
- 切片
- 追加
- 删除
- 长度
- 切片
- 循环
- 包含
class list(object):
"""
list() -> new empty list
list(iterable) -> new list initialized from iterable's items
"""
def append(self, p_object): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" L.append(object) -- append object to end """
pass def count(self, value): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" L.count(value) -> integer -- return number of occurrences of value """
return 0 def extend(self, iterable): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" L.extend(iterable) -- extend list by appending elements from the iterable """
pass def index(self, value, start=None, stop=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""
L.index(value, [start, [stop]]) -> integer -- return first index of value.
Raises ValueError if the value is not present.
"""
return 0 def insert(self, index, p_object): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" L.insert(index, object) -- insert object before index """
pass def pop(self, index=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""
L.pop([index]) -> item -- remove and return item at index (default last).
Raises IndexError if list is empty or index is out of range.
"""
pass def remove(self, value): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""
L.remove(value) -- remove first occurrence of value.
Raises ValueError if the value is not present.
"""
pass def reverse(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" L.reverse() -- reverse *IN PLACE* """
pass def sort(self, cmp=None, key=None, reverse=False): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""
L.sort(cmp=None, key=None, reverse=False) -- stable sort *IN PLACE*;
cmp(x, y) -> -1, 0, 1
"""
pass def __add__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" x.__add__(y) <==> x+y """
pass def __contains__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" x.__contains__(y) <==> y in x """
pass def __delitem__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" x.__delitem__(y) <==> del x[y] """
pass def __delslice__(self, i, j): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""
x.__delslice__(i, j) <==> del x[i:j] Use of negative indices is not supported.
"""
pass def __eq__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" x.__eq__(y) <==> x==y """
pass def __getattribute__(self, name): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name """
pass def __getitem__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y] """
pass def __getslice__(self, i, j): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""
x.__getslice__(i, j) <==> x[i:j] Use of negative indices is not supported.
"""
pass def __ge__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" x.__ge__(y) <==> x>=y """
pass def __gt__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" x.__gt__(y) <==> x>y """
pass def __iadd__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" x.__iadd__(y) <==> x+=y """
pass def __imul__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" x.__imul__(y) <==> x*=y """
pass def __init__(self, seq=()): # known special case of list.__init__
"""
list() -> new empty list
list(iterable) -> new list initialized from iterable's items
# (copied from class doc)
"""
pass def __iter__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" x.__iter__() <==> iter(x) """
pass def __len__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" x.__len__() <==> len(x) """
pass def __le__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" x.__le__(y) <==> x<=y """
pass def __lt__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" x.__lt__(y) <==> x<y """
pass def __mul__(self, n): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" x.__mul__(n) <==> x*n """
pass @staticmethod # known case of __new__
def __new__(S, *more): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T """
pass def __ne__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" x.__ne__(y) <==> x!=y """
pass def __repr__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" x.__repr__() <==> repr(x) """
pass def __reversed__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" L.__reversed__() -- return a reverse iterator over the list """
pass def __rmul__(self, n): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" x.__rmul__(n) <==> n*x """
pass def __setitem__(self, i, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" x.__setitem__(i, y) <==> x[i]=y """
pass def __setslice__(self, i, j, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""
x.__setslice__(i, j, y) <==> x[i:j]=y Use of negative indices is not supported.
"""
pass def __sizeof__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" L.__sizeof__() -- size of L in memory, in bytes """
pass __hash__ = None
5、元祖
创建元祖：
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基本操作：
- 索引
- 切片
- 循环
- 长度
- 包含
lass tuple(object):
"""
tuple() -> empty tuple
tuple(iterable) -> tuple initialized from iterable's items If the argument is a tuple, the return value is the same object.
"""
def count(self, value): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" T.count(value) -> integer -- return number of occurrences of value """
return 0 def index(self, value, start=None, stop=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""
T.index(value, [start, [stop]]) -> integer -- return first index of value.
Raises ValueError if the value is not present.
"""
return 0 def __add__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" x.__add__(y) <==> x+y """
pass def __contains__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" x.__contains__(y) <==> y in x """
pass def __eq__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" x.__eq__(y) <==> x==y """
pass def __getattribute__(self, name): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name """
pass def __getitem__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y] """
pass def __getnewargs__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
pass def __getslice__(self, i, j): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""
x.__getslice__(i, j) <==> x[i:j] Use of negative indices is not supported.
"""
pass def __ge__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" x.__ge__(y) <==> x>=y """
pass def __gt__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" x.__gt__(y) <==> x>y """
pass def __hash__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" x.__hash__() <==> hash(x) """
pass def __init__(self, seq=()): # known special case of tuple.__init__
"""
tuple() -> empty tuple
tuple(iterable) -> tuple initialized from iterable's items If the argument is a tuple, the return value is the same object.
# (copied from class doc)
"""
pass def __iter__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" x.__iter__() <==> iter(x) """
pass def __len__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" x.__len__() <==> len(x) """
pass def __le__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" x.__le__(y) <==> x<=y """
pass def __lt__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" x.__lt__(y) <==> x<y """
pass def __mul__(self, n): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" x.__mul__(n) <==> x*n """
pass @staticmethod # known case of __new__
def __new__(S, *more): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T """
pass def __ne__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" x.__ne__(y) <==> x!=y """
pass def __repr__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" x.__repr__() <==> repr(x) """
pass def __rmul__(self, n): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" x.__rmul__(n) <==> n*x """
pass def __sizeof__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" T.__sizeof__() -- size of T in memory, in bytes """
pass
6、字典（无序）
创建字典：
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person = {"name": "mr.wu", 'age': 18}或person = dict({"name": "mr.wu", 'age': 18}) |
常用操作：
- 索引
- 新增
- 删除
- 键、值、键值对
- 循环
- 长度
class dict(object):
"""
dict() -> new empty dictionary
dict(mapping) -> new dictionary initialized from a mapping object's
(key, value) pairs
dict(iterable) -> new dictionary initialized as if via:
d = {}
for k, v in iterable:
d[k] = v
dict(**kwargs) -> new dictionary initialized with the name=value pairs
in the keyword argument list. For example: dict(one=1, two=2)
""" def clear(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" 清除内容 """
""" D.clear() -> None. Remove all items from D. """
pass def copy(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" 浅拷贝 """
""" D.copy() -> a shallow copy of D """
pass @staticmethod # known case
def fromkeys(S, v=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""
dict.fromkeys(S[,v]) -> New dict with keys from S and values equal to v.
v defaults to None.
"""
pass def get(self, k, d=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" 根据key获取值，d是默认值 """
""" D.get(k[,d]) -> D[k] if k in D, else d. d defaults to None. """
pass def has_key(self, k): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" 是否有key """
""" D.has_key(k) -> True if D has a key k, else False """
return False def items(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" 所有项的列表形式 """
""" D.items() -> list of D's (key, value) pairs, as 2-tuples """
return [] def iteritems(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" 项可迭代 """
""" D.iteritems() -> an iterator over the (key, value) items of D """
pass def iterkeys(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" key可迭代 """
""" D.iterkeys() -> an iterator over the keys of D """
pass def itervalues(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" value可迭代 """
""" D.itervalues() -> an iterator over the values of D """
pass def keys(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" 所有的key列表 """
""" D.keys() -> list of D's keys """
return [] def pop(self, k, d=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" 获取并在字典中移除 """
"""
D.pop(k[,d]) -> v, remove specified key and return the corresponding value.
If key is not found, d is returned if given, otherwise KeyError is raised
"""
pass def popitem(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" 获取并在字典中移除 """
"""
D.popitem() -> (k, v), remove and return some (key, value) pair as a
2-tuple; but raise KeyError if D is empty.
"""
pass def setdefault(self, k, d=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" 如果key不存在，则创建，如果存在，则返回已存在的值且不修改 """
""" D.setdefault(k[,d]) -> D.get(k,d), also set D[k]=d if k not in D """
pass def update(self, E=None, **F): # known special case of dict.update
""" 更新
{'name':'alex', 'age': 18000}
[('name','sbsbsb'),]
"""
"""
D.update([E, ]**F) -> None. Update D from dict/iterable E and F.
If E present and has a .keys() method, does: for k in E: D[k] = E[k]
If E present and lacks .keys() method, does: for (k, v) in E: D[k] = v
In either case, this is followed by: for k in F: D[k] = F[k]
"""
pass def values(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" 所有的值 """
""" D.values() -> list of D's values """
return [] def viewitems(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" 所有项，只是将内容保存至view对象中 """
""" D.viewitems() -> a set-like object providing a view on D's items """
pass def viewkeys(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" D.viewkeys() -> a set-like object providing a view on D's keys """
pass def viewvalues(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" D.viewvalues() -> an object providing a view on D's values """
pass def __cmp__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" x.__cmp__(y) <==> cmp(x,y) """
pass def __contains__(self, k): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" D.__contains__(k) -> True if D has a key k, else False """
return False def __delitem__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" x.__delitem__(y) <==> del x[y] """
pass def __eq__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" x.__eq__(y) <==> x==y """
pass def __getattribute__(self, name): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name """
pass def __getitem__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y] """
pass def __ge__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" x.__ge__(y) <==> x>=y """
pass def __gt__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" x.__gt__(y) <==> x>y """
pass def __init__(self, seq=None, **kwargs): # known special case of dict.__init__
"""
dict() -> new empty dictionary
dict(mapping) -> new dictionary initialized from a mapping object's
(key, value) pairs
dict(iterable) -> new dictionary initialized as if via:
d = {}
for k, v in iterable:
d[k] = v
dict(**kwargs) -> new dictionary initialized with the name=value pairs
in the keyword argument list. For example: dict(one=1, two=2)
# (copied from class doc)
"""
pass def __iter__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" x.__iter__() <==> iter(x) """
pass def __len__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" x.__len__() <==> len(x) """
pass def __le__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" x.__le__(y) <==> x<=y """
pass def __lt__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" x.__lt__(y) <==> x<y """
pass @staticmethod # known case of __new__
def __new__(S, *more): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T """
pass def __ne__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" x.__ne__(y) <==> x!=y """
pass def __repr__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" x.__repr__() <==> repr(x) """
pass def __setitem__(self, i, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" x.__setitem__(i, y) <==> x[i]=y """
pass def __sizeof__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
""" D.__sizeof__() -> size of D in memory, in bytes """
pass __hash__ = None
PS：循环，range，continue 和 break
其他
1、for循环
用户按照顺序循环可迭代对象中的内容，
PS：break、continue
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li = [11,22,33,44]for item in li: print item |
2、enumrate
为可迭代的对象添加序号
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li = [11,22,33]for k,v in enumerate(li, 1): print(k,v) |
3、range和xrange
指定范围，生成指定的数字
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print range(1, 10)# 结果：[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]print range(1, 10, 2)# 结果：[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]print range(30, 0, -2)# 结果：[30, 28, 26, 24, 22, 20, 18, 16, 14, 12, 10, 8, 6, 4, 2] |
练习题
一、元素分类
有如下值集合 [11,22,33,44,55,66,77,88,99,90...]，将所有大于 66 的值保存至字典的第一个key中，将小于 66 的值保存至第二个key的值中。
即： {'k1': 大于66的所有值, 'k2': 小于66的所有值}
二、查找
查找列表中元素，移除每个元素的空格，并查找以 a或A开头 并且以 c 结尾的所有元素。
li = ["alec", " aric", "Alex", "Tony", "rain"]
tu = ("alec", " aric", "Alex", "Tony", "rain")
dic = {'k1': "alex", 'k2': ' aric', "k3": "Alex", "k4": "Tony"}
三、输出商品列表，用户输入序号，显示用户选中的商品
商品 li = ["手机", "电脑", '鼠标垫', '游艇']
四、购物车
功能要求：
- 要求用户输入总资产，例如：2000
- 显示商品列表，让用户根据序号选择商品，加入购物车
- 购买，如果商品总额大于总资产，提示账户余额不足，否则，购买成功。
- 附加：可充值、某商品移除购物车
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goods = [ {"name": "电脑", "price": 1999}, {"name": "鼠标", "price": 10}, {"name": "游艇", "price": 20}, {"name": "美女", "price": 998},] |
五、用户交互，显示省市县三级联动的选择
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dic = { "河北": { "石家庄": ["鹿泉", "藁城", "元氏"], "邯郸": ["永年", "涉县", "磁县"], } "河南": { ... } "山西": { ... }} |
第一题：
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a = [11,22,33,44,55,66,77,88,99,90]b = { "key1":[], "key2":[]}for i in a: if i > 66: b["key1"].append(i) elif i < 66: b["key2"].append(i)print(b) |
第二题：
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li = ["alec", " aric", "Alex", "Tony", "rain"]tu = ("alec", " aric", "Alex", "Tony", "rain") dic = {'k1': "alex", 'k2': ' Aric', "k3": "Alex", "k4": "Tony"}for a in range(len(li)): li[a] = li[a].replace(" ", "")print(li)tu = list(tu)for b in range(len(tu)): tu[b] = tu[b].replace(" ", "")tu = tuple(tu)print(tu)for c in dic: dic[c] = dic[c].replace(" ", "")print(dic)for a1 in li: if (a1.startswith("a") or a1.startswith("A")) and a1.endswith("c"): print(a1)for b1 in tu: if (b1.startswith("a") or b1.startswith("A")) and b1.endswith("c"): print(b1) for c1 in dic: c2 = dic[c1].strip() if (c2.startswith("a") or c2.startswith("A")) and c2.endswith("c"): print(c2) |
第三题：
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a = ["手机", "电脑", '鼠标垫', '游艇']for i , a1 in enumerate(a, 1): print(i , a1)b = input("请输入商品编号：")b1 = int(b)print(a[b1 - 1]) |
#14楼 2017-10-06 20:54 seven_days
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goods = [ {"name": "电脑", "price": 3000}, {"name": "鼠标", "price": 103}, {"name": "游艇", "price": 200000}, {"name": "美女", "price": 998},]total = 0pay = 0shopping = {}#建立商品字典（keys商品、values数量）zongji = input("请输入总资产")if zongji.isdigit(): total = str(zongji) print("总资产为：" + total + "元")else: print("请输入数字！")while True: caozuo = input("请输入操作：1.显示商品，2.充值，3.退出") caozuo = int(caozuo) if int(caozuo) == 1: for g in enumerate(goods,1): print(g[0],":",g[1]["name"],g[1]["price"],"元") while True: buy_good = input("请依次输入购买商品编号(结账输入g，移除商品输入d)") if buy_good.isdigit(): buy = int(buy_good) if buy >0 and buy <= len(goods): if goods[buy-1]["name"] in shopping.keys():#.has_key(k)是否存在 shopping[goods[buy-1]["name"]] = int(shopping[goods[buy-1]["name"]])+1 pay += int(goods[buy-1]["price"]) print("已选购:") for keys, values in shopping.items(): print(str(keys), "数量为", str(values)) else: shopping.setdefault(goods[buy-1]["name"],1) #setdefault添加 pay += int(goods[buy - 1]["price"]) print("已选购:") for keys,values in shopping.items(): print(str(keys),"数量为",str(values)) elif buy_good == "g": if int(pay) <= int(total): print("购买成功，共计消费"+str(pay)+"元，余额为"+str(int(total)-int(pay))+"元") break else: print("共消费"+str(pay)+"元，总资产为"+str(total)+"元，欠"+str(int(pay)-int(total))+"元，请充值！") chongzhi = input("请输入充值金额") if chongzhi.isdigit(): total = int(total) + int(chongzhi) print("充值成功，总资产为：" + str(total) + "元。") # 字符串+数字 会报错 else: print("请输入数字！") elif buy_good == "d": print("已选购:") for keys, values in shopping.items(): print(str(keys), "数量为", str(values)) del_good = input("请输入移除商品编号") if del_good.isdigit() and int(del_good) > 0 and int(del_good) <= len(goods): del_good = int(del_good) if goods[int(del_good) - 1]["name"] in shopping.keys(): # .has_key(k)是否存在 if int(shopping[goods[del_good-1]["name"]]) == 1: shopping.pop(goods[del_good-1]["name"]) print("移除成功，已选购:") for keys, values in shopping.items(): print(str(keys), "数量为", str(values)) else: shopping[goods[del_good - 1]["name"]] = int(shopping[goods[del_good - 1]["name"]]) - 1 pay -= int(goods[del_good - 1]["price"]) print("已选购:") for keys, values in shopping.items(): print(str(keys), "数量为", str(values)) else: print("无此商品！") else: print("输入错误！") else: print("输入错误！") break elif int(caozuo) == 2: chongzhi = input("请输入充值金额") if chongzhi.isdigit(): print("充值成功，总资产为：" + str(int(total)+int(chongzhi)) + "元。")#字符串+数字 会报错 else: print("请输入数字！") elif int(caozuo) == 3: print("退出操作！") break else: print("输入错误！") |
#15楼 2017-10-11 22:12 Yuzi_Forever
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class Shopping(): # 初始化金额与购买的商品列表 def __init__(self, money): self.buy_goods_dict = {} self.money = money #购买商品 def buy_goods(self): goods_dict = {} for i in enumerate(goods, 1): print(i[0], i[1]['name'], i[1]['price']) goods_dict[i[0]] = [i[1]['name'],i[1]['price']] print(goods_dict) while True: goods_num = input('请输入商品编号（q退出）：').strip() if goods_num.isdigit(): if 0 < int(goods_num) <= len(goods_dict): # 当商品列表中不存在商品时，直接添加商品，商品个数为1 if goods_dict[int(goods_num)][0] not in self.buy_goods_dict.keys(): self.buy_goods_dict[goods_dict[int(goods_num)][0]]= { 'price': goods_dict[int(goods_num)][1], 'nums': 1} else: # 当商品列表中存在上商品时，为重复购买，商品个数加1 for key in self.buy_goods_dict.keys(): if goods_dict[int(goods_num)][0] == key: self.buy_goods_dict[key]['nums'] += 1 else: print('请重新输入') elif goods_num == 'q': break print(self.buy_goods_dict) # 删除不想要的商品 def dele(self): for key, value in self.buy_goods_dict.items(): print('名称 :', key, '价格:', value['price'], '数量:', value['nums']) temp = input('请输入要删除的商品：') if int(self.buy_goods_dict[temp]['nums']) >= 1: self.buy_goods_dict[temp]['nums'] = int(self.buy_goods_dict[temp]['nums']) - 1 else: print('商品不存在') # 结账 def pay_bill(self): total_bill = 0 for key, value in self.buy_goods_dict.items(): print('名称 :', key, '价格:', value['price'], '数量:', value['nums']) bill = int(value['price']) * int(value['nums']) total_bill += bill s = self.money - total_bill if s > 0: print('商品购买成功') self.money = self.money - total_bill print('剩余金额为：',self.money) elif s < 0: print('金额不够支付') temp = input('请充值或删除商品：c充值，s删除') if temp == 'c': self.chongzhi() elif temp == 's': self.dele() # 充值金额 def chongzhi(self): cong_money = int(input('请输入充值金额：')) self.money = self.money + cong_moneyxiaoming = Shopping(2000)while True: temp = input('请输入命令（b购买，p支付,q退出）：') if temp == 'b': xiaoming.buy_goods() if temp == 'p': xiaoming.pay_bill() if temp == 'q': break |
第四题：
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goods = [ {"name": "电脑", "price": 1999}, {"name": "鼠标", "price": 10}, {"name": "游艇", "price": 20}, {"name": "美女", "price": 998}]def chongzhi(): global zongzichan e = int(input("请输入充值金额:")) zongzichan = zongzichan + e print("充值成功,返回购物车.") gouwuche() def gouwuche(): global zongzichan xiaofei = 0 print("您选购的商品如下:") for c, c1 in enumerate(list, 1): for c2, c3 in c1.items(): xiaofei = xiaofei + c3 print(c, c2, c3) print("总价格:", xiaofei) while True: d = input("请选择结算(yes) or 前往充值(no):") if d == "yes" and zongzichan >= 0: print("购买成功,您一共消费了:", xiaofei, "总资产剩余:", zongzichan) print("欢迎下次光临,再见.") break elif d == "yes" and zongzichan < 0: d1 = input("购买失败,余额不足,请选择前往充值(yes) or 前往购物车移除商品(no):") if d1 == "yes": chongzhi() elif d1 == "no": d2 = int(input("请输入商品编号移除出购物车:")) d3 = list[d2-1] for d4, d5 in d3.items(): zongzichan = zongzichan + d5 del list[d2-1] print("您移除了:", d4, d5) gouwuche() else: print("指令错误") elif d == "no": chongzhi() else: print("指令错误") exit() def shangpin(): global list global zongzichan list = [] while True: print("商品编号、名称、价格列表:") for keys, a in enumerate(goods, 1): a1 = a.get("name") a2 = a.get("price") print(keys, a1, a2) dict = {} a3 = int(input("请输入商品编号将其加入购物车:")) zongzichan = zongzichan - goods[a3-1]["price"] a4 = goods[a3-1]["name"] a5 = goods[a3-1]["price"] print("商品:",goods[a3-1]["name"], "价格:",goods[a3-1]["price"], "已加入购物车.") dict[a4] = a5 list.append(dict) b = input("请选择继续购物(yes) or 去购物车结算(no):") if b == "yes": continue elif b == "no": gouwuche() else: print("指令错误") def zichan(): global zongzichan zongzichan = int(input("请输入总资产:")) shangpin() zichan() |
第五题：
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dic = { "河北":{ "石家庄" :["鹿泉","藁城","元氏"], "邯郸" : ["永年","涉县","磁县"] }, "河南":{ "郑州":["巩义","登封","新密"], "开封":["金明","鼓楼","通许"] }, "山西":{ "太原":["古交","清徐","阳曲"], "大同":["天镇","阳高","广灵"] }}for i in dic: print(i)a = input("请输入城市名称:")for i1 in dic[a]: print(i1)b = input("请输入城市名称:")for i2 in dic[a][b]: print(i2) |
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