kubeadm部署高可用版Kubernetes1.21[更新]

环境规划

主机名	IP地址	说明
k8s-master01 ~ 03	192.168.3.81 ~ 83	master节点 * 3
k8s-master-lb	192.168.3.200	keepalived虚拟IP
k8s-node01 ~ 02	192.168.3.84 ~ 85	worker节点 * 2

配置信息	备注
系统版本	CentOS 7.6
Docker版本	19.03.x
Pod网段	172.16.0.0/12
Service网段	192.168.0.0/16

基本环境配置

Kubeadm安装方式自1.14版本以后，安装方法几乎没有任何变化，此文档可以尝试安装最新的k8s集群，centos采用的是7.x版本

K8S官网：https://kubernetes.io/docs/setup/

最新版高可用安装：https://kubernetes.io/docs/setup/production-environment/tools/kubeadm/high-availability/

VIP（虚拟IP）不要和公司内网IP重复，首先去ping一下，不通才可用。VIP需要和主机在同一个局域网内！公有云上搭建VIP是公有云的负载均衡的IP，比如阿里云的内网SLB的地址，腾讯云内网ELB的地址。

服务器基础定义

配置在部署机执行

变量定义

#定义变量：
KUBE_MASTER=(192.168.3.81 192.168.3.82 192.168.3.83)
KUBE_NODE=(192.168.3.84 192.168.3.85)
VIP=192.168.3.200

hosts文件配置：

cat > /etc/hosts << EOF
${KUBE_MASTER[0]} k8s-master01
${KUBE_MASTER[1]} k8s-master02
${KUBE_MASTER[2]} k8s-master03
${KUBE_NODE[0]} k8s-node01
${KUBE_NODE[1]} k8s-node02
${VIP} k8s-vip
EOF

免密配置：

ssh-keygen -t rsa
for i in ${KUBE_MASTER[@]} ${KUBE_NODE[@]} ;do ssh-copy-id -i .ssh/id_rsa.pub $i;done

配置阿里云yum源,安装基本软件

rm -f /etc/yum.repos.d/*
curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
yum-config-manager --add-repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
cat <<EOF > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
repo_gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF
sed -i -e '/mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/d' -e '/mirrors.aliyuncs.com/d' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo

for ip in ${KUBE_MASTER[@]} ${KUBE_NODE[@]}; do
  \scp -r /etc/yum.repos.d/* ${ip}:/etc/yum.repos.d/
  yum clean all
  yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
  yum install wget jq psmisc vim net-tools telnet yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2 git -y
done

#阿里源：
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
wget -P /etc/yum.repos.d/ http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo

修改主机名

cat >host.txt<<EOF
192.168.3.81,k8s-master01
192.168.3.82,k8s-master02
192.168.3.83,k8s-master03
192.168.3.84,k8s-node01
192.168.3.85,k8s-node02
EOF
for i in $(cat host.txt);do a=$(echo ${i} | awk -F, '{print $1}');b=$(echo ${i} | awk -F, '{print $2}');ssh $a "hostnamectl set-hostname $b";done

#for ip in ${KUBE_MASTER[@]} ${KUBE_NODE[@]}; do
#  ssh ${ip} "hostnamectl set-hostname \$(grep \$(hostname -I) /etc/hosts | awk '{print \$2}')"
#done

关闭交换分区

for ip in ${KUBE_MASTER[@]} ${KUBE_NODE[@]}; do
  ssh ${ip} "swapoff -a
  sed -i '/swap.*swap/d' /etc/fstab
  "
done

配置时间同步

for ip in ${KUBE_MASTER[@]} ${KUBE_NODE[@]}; do
  ssh ${ip} "yum -y install chrony
  sed -i 's/^server/#server/g' /etc/chrony.conf
  sed -i '2aserver 2.cn.pool.ntp.org iburst' /etc/chrony.conf
  sed -i '2aserver ntp1.aliyun.com iburst' /etc/chrony.conf
  systemctl start chronyd
  systemctl enable chronyd
  "
done

内核配置：

for ip in ${KUBE_MASTER[@]} ${KUBE_NODE[@]}; do
  cat > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf << EOF
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
EOF
  scp /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf ${ip}:/etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
  ssh ${ip} "sysctl --system
  "
done

所有节点关闭防火墙、selinux、dnsmasq、swap服务器配置如下

for ip in ${KUBE_MASTER[@]} ${KUBE_NODE[@]}; do
systemctl disable --now firewalld
systemctl disable --now dnsmasq
systemctl disable --now NetworkManager
setenforce 0
sed -i 's#SELINUX=enforcing#SELINUX=disabled#g' /etc/sysconfig/selinux
sed -i 's#SELINUX=enforcing#SELINUX=disabled#g' /etc/selinux/config
swapoff -a && sysctl -w vm.swappiness=0
sed -ri '/^[^#]*swap/s@^@#@' /etc/fstab
done

安装ntpdate

for ip in ${KUBE_MASTER[@]} ${KUBE_NODE[@]}; do
rpm -ivh http://mirrors.wlnmp.com/centos/wlnmp-release-centos.noarch.rpm
yum install ntpdate -y
done

for ip in ${KUBE_MASTER[@]} ${KUBE_NODE[@]}; do
ulimit -SHn 65535
\scp /etc/security/limits.conf ${ip}:/etc/security/limits.conf
done

所有节点同步时间。时间同步配置如下：

# 配置时间同步，并加入到crontab
for ip in ${KUBE_MASTER[@]} ${KUBE_NODE[@]}; do
ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime
echo 'Asia/Shanghai' >/etc/timezone
ntpdate time2.aliyun.com
echo '*/5 * * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate time2.aliyun.com' >/var/spool/cron/root
systemctl restart crond
done

所有节点配置limit

cat >>/etc/security/limits.conf<<EOF
# 末尾添加如下内容
* soft nofile 655360
* hard nofile 131072
* soft nproc 655350
* hard nproc 655350
* soft memlock unlimited
* hard memlock unlimited
EOF

for ip in ${KUBE_MASTER[@]} ${KUBE_NODE[@]}; do
ulimit -SHn 65535
\scp /etc/security/limits.conf ${ip}:/etc/security/limits.conf
done

下载源码文件

cd /root ; git clone https://gitee.com/dukuan/k8s-ha-install.git

升级内核

#CentOS7需要升级，CentOS8可以按需升级系统
#所有节点升级系统并重启，此处升级没有升级内核，下节会单独升级内核：

for ip in ${KUBE_MASTER[@]} ${KUBE_NODE[@]}; do
ssh ${ip} 'yum update -y --exclude=kernel* && reboot'
done
yum update -y --exclude=kernel* && reboot

配置内核

CentOS7 需要升级内核至4.18+，本地升级的版本为4.19:

cd /root
wget http://193.49.22.109/elrepo/kernel/el7/x86_64/RPMS/kernel-ml-devel-4.19.12-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64.rpm
wget http://193.49.22.109/elrepo/kernel/el7/x86_64/RPMS/kernel-ml-4.19.12-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64.rpm

#从master01节点传到其他节点：
cd /root
for i in ${KUBE_MASTER[@]} ${KUBE_NODE[@]};do
scp -r kernel-ml-4.19.12-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64.rpm kernel-ml-devel-4.19.12-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64.rpm $i:/root
done

#所有节点安装内核
for i in ${KUBE_MASTER[@]} ${KUBE_NODE[@]};do
ssh $i 'yum localinstall -y kernel-ml*'
done

#所有节点更改内核启动顺序
for i in ${KUBE_MASTER[@]} ${KUBE_NODE[@]};do
ssh $i '
grub2-set-default  0 && grub2-mkconfig -o /etc/grub2.cfg
grubby --args="user_namespace.enable=1" --update-kernel="$(grubby --default-kernel)"
'
done

#修改完成后检查现在的默认内核是否是4.19
for i in ${KUBE_MASTER[@]} ${KUBE_NODE[@]};do
ssh $i '
grubby --default-kernel
'
done

[root@k8s-master01 ~]# grubby --default-kernel
/boot/vmlinuz-4.19.12-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64

#通过uname -a 看到当前内核是 3.10 需要重启系统让新内核生效
#所有服务器重启，让新内核生效
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# uname -a
Linux k8s-master01 4.19.12-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64 #1 SMP Fri Dec 21 11:06:36 EST 2018 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

ipvs配置[所有节点安装ipvsadm]

yum install ipvsadm ipset sysstat conntrack libseccomp -y

#所有节点配置ipvs模块，在内核4.19+版本nf_conntrack_ipv4已经改为nf_conntrack，4.18以下使用nf_conntrack_ipv4即可

modprobe -- ip_vs
modprobe -- ip_vs_rr
modprobe -- ip_vs_wrr
modprobe -- ip_vs_sh
modprobe -- nf_conntrack

#配置写入ipvs配置文件：
cat >/etc/modules-load.d/ipvs.conf <<EOF
ip_vs
ip_vs_lc
ip_vs_wlc
ip_vs_rr
ip_vs_wrr
ip_vs_lblc
ip_vs_lblcr
ip_vs_dh
ip_vs_sh
ip_vs_fo
ip_vs_nq
ip_vs_sed
ip_vs_ftp
ip_vs_sh
nf_conntrack
ip_tables
ip_set
xt_set
ipt_set
ipt_rpfilter
ipt_REJECT
ipip
EOF

systemctl enable --now systemd-modules-load.service

# shell
for i in ${KUBE_MASTER[@]} ${KUBE_NODE[@]};do
yum install ipvsadm ipset sysstat conntrack libseccomp -y
modprobe -- ip_vs
modprobe -- ip_vs_rr
modprobe -- ip_vs_wrr
modprobe -- ip_vs_sh
modprobe -- nf_conntrack
cat >/etc/modules-load.d/ipvs.conf <<EOF
ip_vs
ip_vs_lc
ip_vs_wlc
ip_vs_rr
ip_vs_wrr
ip_vs_lblc
ip_vs_lblcr
ip_vs_dh
ip_vs_sh
ip_vs_fo
ip_vs_nq
ip_vs_sed
ip_vs_ftp
ip_vs_sh
nf_conntrack
ip_tables
ip_set
xt_set
ipt_set
ipt_rpfilter
ipt_REJECT
ipip
EOF
systemctl enable --now systemd-modules-load.service
done

内核参数优化

#开启一些k8s集群中必须的内核参数，所有节点配置k8s内核：
for i in ${KUBE_MASTER[@]} ${KUBE_NODE[@]};do
ssh $i '
cat <<EOF > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
fs.may_detach_mounts = 1
net.ipv4.conf.all.route_localnet = 1
vm.overcommit_memory=1
vm.panic_on_oom=0
fs.inotify.max_user_watches=89100
fs.file-max=52706963
fs.nr_open=52706963
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_max=2310720
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 600
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_probes = 3
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_intvl =15
net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 36000
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 327680
net.ipv4.tcp_orphan_retries = 3
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 16384
net.ipv4.ip_conntrack_max = 65536
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 16384
net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0
net.core.somaxconn = 16384
EOF
sysctl --system
'
done

#所有节点配置完内核后，重启服务器，保证重启后内核依旧加载
for i in ${KUBE_MASTER[@]} ${KUBE_NODE[@]};do
ssh $i '
reboot
'
done

#所有服务器重启完成后检查
KUBE_MASTER=(192.168.3.81 192.168.3.82 192.168.3.83)
KUBE_NODE=(192.168.3.84 192.168.3.85)
for i in ${KUBE_MASTER[@]} ${KUBE_NODE[@]};do
ssh $i '
lsmod |& grep --color=auto -e ip_vs -e nf_conntrack
'
done

#重启前：
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# lsmod | grep --color=auto -e ip_vs -e nf_conntrack
ip_vs_sh               16384  0
ip_vs_wrr              16384  0
ip_vs_rr               16384  0
ip_vs                 151552  6 ip_vs_rr,ip_vs_sh,ip_vs_wrr
nf_conntrack          143360  1 ip_vs
nf_defrag_ipv6         20480  1 nf_conntrack
nf_defrag_ipv4         16384  1 nf_conntrack
libcrc32c              16384  3 nf_conntrack,xfs,ip_vs

#重启后：
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# lsmod | grep --color=auto -e ip_vs -e nf_conntrack
ip_vs_ftp              16384  0
nf_nat                 32768  1 ip_vs_ftp
ip_vs_sed              16384  0
ip_vs_nq               16384  0
ip_vs_fo               16384  0
ip_vs_sh               16384  0
ip_vs_dh               16384  0
ip_vs_lblcr            16384  0
ip_vs_lblc             16384  0
ip_vs_wrr              16384  0
ip_vs_rr               16384  0
ip_vs_wlc              16384  0
ip_vs_lc               16384  0
ip_vs                 151552  24 ip_vs_wlc,ip_vs_rr,ip_vs_dh,ip_vs_lblcr,ip_vs_sh,ip_vs_fo,ip_vs_nq,ip_vs_lblc,ip_vs_wrr,ip_vs_lc,ip_vs_sed,ip_vs_ftp
nf_conntrack          143360  2 nf_nat,ip_vs
nf_defrag_ipv6         20480  1 nf_conntrack
nf_defrag_ipv4         16384  1 nf_conntrack
libcrc32c              16384  4 nf_conntrack,nf_nat,xfs,ip_vs

基本组件安装[所有节点]

docker安装和源配置

KUBE_MASTER=(192.168.3.81 192.168.3.82 192.168.3.83)
KUBE_NODE=(192.168.3.84 192.168.3.85)
for i in ${KUBE_MASTER[@]} ${KUBE_NODE[@]};do
ssh  $i '
yum install docker-ce-20.10.* docker-cli-20.10.* -y
mkdir -p /etc/docker
cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json <<EOF
{
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://ajvcw8qn.mirror.aliyuncs.com"],
  "exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"]
}
EOF
systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl enable --now docker
'
done

kubernetes组件安装

#所有节点安装kubeadm：
#yum install kubeadm-1.21* kubelet-1.21* kubectl-1.21* -y

# 默认配置的pause镜像使用gcr.io仓库，国内可能无法访问，所以这里配置Kubelet使用阿里云的pause镜像：
cat >/etc/sysconfig/kubelet<<EOF
KUBELET_EXTRA_ARGS="--pod-infra-container-image=registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.4.1"
EOF

#设置Kubelet开机自启动：
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable --now kubelet

---------------------------------------------------

# 所有节点安装kubeadm
for i in ${KUBE_MASTER[@]} ${KUBE_NODE[@]};do
ssh  $i '
#所有节点安装kubeadm：
yum install kubeadm-1.21* kubelet-1.21* kubectl-1.21* -y
# 默认配置的pause镜像使用gcr.io仓库，国内可能无法访问，所以这里配置Kubelet使用阿里云的pause镜像：
cat >/etc/sysconfig/kubelet<<EOF
KUBELET_EXTRA_ARGS="--pod-infra-container-image=registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.4.1"
EOF
'
done

高可用组件部署

KUBE_MASTER=(192.168.3.81 192.168.3.82 192.168.3.83)
KUBE_NODE=(192.168.3.84 192.168.3.85)
VIP=192.168.3.200

for i in ${KUBE_MASTER[@]};do
#所有Master节点通过yum安装HAProxy和KeepAlived
ssh $i "
rm -f /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo*  /etc/yum.repos.d/epel-7.repo*
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
wget -P /etc/yum.repos.d/ http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo
yum clean all
yum install keepalived haproxy -y
mkdir -p /etc/haproxy
cat >/etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg<<EOF
global
 maxconn 2000
 ulimit-n 16384
 log 127.0.0.1 local0 err
 stats timeout 30s

defaults
 log global
 mode http
 option httplog
 timeout connect 5000
 timeout client 50000
 timeout server 50000
 timeout http-request 15s
 timeout http-keep-alive 15s

frontend monitor-in
 bind *:33305
 mode http
 option httplog
 monitor-uri /monitor

frontend k8s-master
 bind 0.0.0.0:16443
 bind 127.0.0.1:16443
 mode tcp
 option tcplog
 tcp-request inspect-delay 5s
 default_backend k8s-master

backend k8s-master
 mode tcp
 option tcplog
 option tcp-check
 balance roundrobin
 default-server inter 10s downinter 5s rise 2 fall 2 slowstart 60s maxconn 250 maxqueue 256 weight 100
 server k8s-master01  ${KUBE_MASTER[0]}:6443 check
 server k8s-master02  ${KUBE_MASTER[1]}:6443 check
 server k8s-master03  ${KUBE_MASTER[2]}:6443 check
EOF
"
done

keepalived部署：

#
KUBE_MASTER=(192.168.3.81 192.168.3.82 192.168.3.83)
KUBE_NODE=(192.168.3.84 192.168.3.85)
VIP=192.168.3.200

#所有Master节点配置KeepAlived，配置不一样，注意区分 ，注意每个节点的IP和网卡（interface参数）
mkdir /etc/keepalived

#传递到其他高可用服务器，并修改配置：

for i in ${KUBE_MASTER[@]};do
ssh $i '
VIP=192.168.3.200
mkdir -p /etc/keepalived
cat >/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf<<EOF
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
    router_id LVS_DEVEL
script_user root
    enable_script_security
}
vrrp_script chk_apiserver {
    script "/etc/keepalived/check_apiserver.sh"
    interval 5
    weight -5
    fall 2
rise 1
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state MASTER
    interface eth0
    mcast_src_ip 123456
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 101
    advert_int 2
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass K8SHA_KA_AUTH
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        ${VIP}
    }
    track_script {
       chk_apiserver
    }
}
EOF
'
done

for i in ${KUBE_MASTER[@]};do
ssh $i '
sed -i 's#123456#$(hostname -i|awk '{print $1}')#g' /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
'
done

健康检查：

KUBE_MASTER=(192.168.3.81 192.168.3.82 192.168.3.83)

for i in ${KUBE_MASTER[@]};do
ssh $i '
cat >/etc/keepalived/check_apiserver.sh<<EOF
#!/bin/bash

err=0
for k in $(seq 1 3)
do
    check_code=$(pgrep haproxy)
    if [[ $check_code == "" ]]; then
        err=$(expr $err + 1)
        sleep 1
        continue
    else
        err=0
        break
    fi
done
if [[ $err != "0" ]]; then
    echo "systemctl stop keepalived"
    /usr/bin/systemctl stop keepalived
    exit 1
else
    exit 0
fi
EOF
chmod +x /etc/keepalived/check_apiserver.sh
'
done

for i in ${KUBE_MASTER[@]};do
ssh $i '
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable --now haproxy
systemctl enable --now keepalived
'
done

#提示：

#如果ping不通且telnet没有出现 ] ，则认为VIP不可以，不可在继续往下执行，需要排查keepalived的问题，比如防火墙和selinux，haproxy和keepalived的状态，监听端口等
#所有节点查看防火墙状态必须为disable和inactive：systemctl status firewalld
#所有节点查看selinux状态，必须为disable：getenforce
#master节点查看haproxy和keepalived状态：systemctl status keepalived haproxy
#master节点查看监听端口：netstat -lntp

集群初始化：

#通过kubectl --version获取版本号：
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl version
Client Version: version.Info{Major:"1", Minor:"21", GitVersion:"v1.21.2", GitCommit:"092fbfbf53427de67cac1e9fa54aaa09a28371d7", GitTreeState:"clean", BuildDate:"2021-06-16T12:59:11Z", GoVersion:"go1.16.5", Compiler:"gc", Platform:"linux/amd64"}
The connection to the server localhost:8080 was refused - did you specify the right host or port?

#版本号为： v1.21.2

vim kubeadm-config.yaml
#内容如下：
#------------------------------------------------------------------#
apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta2
bootstrapTokens:
- groups:
  - system:bootstrappers:kubeadm:default-node-token
  token: 7t2weq.bjbawausm0jaxury
  ttl: 24h0m0s
  usages:
  - signing
  - authentication
kind: InitConfiguration
localAPIEndpoint:
  advertiseAddress: 192.168.3.81
  bindPort: 6443
nodeRegistration:
  criSocket: /var/run/dockershim.sock
  name: k8s-master01
  taints:
  - effect: NoSchedule
    key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
---
apiServer:
  certSANs:
  - 192.168.3.200
  timeoutForControlPlane: 4m0s
apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta2
certificatesDir: /etc/kubernetes/pki
clusterName: kubernetes
controlPlaneEndpoint: 192.168.3.200:16443
controllerManager: {}
dns:
  type: CoreDNS
etcd:
  local:
    dataDir: /var/lib/etcd
imageRepository: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers
kind: ClusterConfiguration
kubernetesVersion: v1.20.0
networking:
  dnsDomain: cluster.local
  podSubnet: 172.16.0.0/12
  serviceSubnet: 192.168.0.0/16
scheduler: {}
#------------------------------------------------------------------#

注意点：
kubernetesVersion: v1.20.0  这里的版本改为 v1.21.2
advertiseAddress: 192.168.3.81   改为master01 节点IP

#更新kubeadm文件：
kubeadm config migrate --old-config kubeadm-config.yaml --new-config new.yaml

#将new.yaml文件复制到其他master节点：
for i in k8s-master02 k8s-master03; do scp new.yaml $i:/root/; done

#之后所有Master节点提前下载镜像，可以节省初始化时间（其他节点不需要更改任何配置，包括IP地址也不需要更改）：

kubeadm config images pull --config /root/new.yaml 

#这很可能会下载失败，所以建议用下面的：
KUBE_MASTER=(192.168.3.81 192.168.3.82 192.168.3.83)
KUBE_NODE=(192.168.3.84 192.168.3.85)

#更新kubeadm-config.yaml
kubeadm config migrate --old-config kubeadm-config.yaml --new-config new.yaml

for i in  ${KUBE_MASTER[@]} ${KUBE_NODE[@]};do ssh $i '
docker pull registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/dotbalo/coredns:1.8.0
docker tag registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/dotbalo/coredns:1.8.0 registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/coredns/coredns:v1.8.0
'; done

#由于kubelet还没初始化所以暂时不能直接启动，只需要设置开机启动即可
#配置kubelet开机启动 这个步骤时间比较长：
for i in ${KUBE_MASTER[@]} ${KUBE_NODE[@]};do
ssh $i '
systemctl enable --now kubelet
'
done

#Master01节点初始化，初始化以后会在/etc/kubernetes目录下生成对应的证书和配置文件，之后其他Master节点加入Master01即可：
kubeadm init --config /root/new.yaml  --upload-certs

#初始化详细信息：

#初始化信息：
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubeadm init --config /root/new.yaml  --upload-certs
[init] Using Kubernetes version: v1.21.2
[preflight] Running pre-flight checks
[preflight] Pulling images required for setting up a Kubernetes cluster
[preflight] This might take a minute or two, depending on the speed of your internet connection
[preflight] You can also perform this action in beforehand using 'kubeadm config images pull'
[certs] Using certificateDir folder "/etc/kubernetes/pki"
[certs] Generating "ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "apiserver" certificate and key
[certs] apiserver serving cert is signed for DNS names [k8s-master01 kubernetes kubernetes.default kubernetes.default.svc kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local] and IPs [192.168.0.1 192.168.3.81 192.168.3.200]
[certs] Generating "apiserver-kubelet-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "front-proxy-ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "front-proxy-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "etcd/ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "etcd/server" certificate and key
[certs] etcd/server serving cert is signed for DNS names [k8s-master01 localhost] and IPs [192.168.3.81 127.0.0.1 ::1]
[certs] Generating "etcd/peer" certificate and key
[certs] etcd/peer serving cert is signed for DNS names [k8s-master01 localhost] and IPs [192.168.3.81 127.0.0.1 ::1]
[certs] Generating "etcd/healthcheck-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "apiserver-etcd-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "sa" key and public key
[kubeconfig] Using kubeconfig folder "/etc/kubernetes"
[endpoint] WARNING: port specified in controlPlaneEndpoint overrides bindPort in the controlplane address
[kubeconfig] Writing "admin.conf" kubeconfig file
[endpoint] WARNING: port specified in controlPlaneEndpoint overrides bindPort in the controlplane address
[kubeconfig] Writing "kubelet.conf" kubeconfig file
[endpoint] WARNING: port specified in controlPlaneEndpoint overrides bindPort in the controlplane address
[kubeconfig] Writing "controller-manager.conf" kubeconfig file
[endpoint] WARNING: port specified in controlPlaneEndpoint overrides bindPort in the controlplane address
[kubeconfig] Writing "scheduler.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet environment file with flags to file "/var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env"
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet configuration to file "/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml"
[kubelet-start] Starting the kubelet
[control-plane] Using manifest folder "/etc/kubernetes/manifests"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-apiserver"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-controller-manager"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-scheduler"
[etcd] Creating static Pod manifest for local etcd in "/etc/kubernetes/manifests"
[wait-control-plane] Waiting for the kubelet to boot up the control plane as static Pods from directory "/etc/kubernetes/manifests". This can take up to 4m0s
[apiclient] All control plane components are healthy after 21.016274 seconds
[upload-config] Storing the configuration used in ConfigMap "kubeadm-config" in the "kube-system" Namespace
[kubelet] Creating a ConfigMap "kubelet-config-1.21" in namespace kube-system with the configuration for the kubelets in the cluster
[upload-certs] Storing the certificates in Secret "kubeadm-certs" in the "kube-system" Namespace
[upload-certs] Using certificate key:
0058686d77ca01df79db171e61746f7ca5cf0d8740a0e88bda2b3a63c9b6b692
[mark-control-plane] Marking the node k8s-master01 as control-plane by adding the labels: [node-role.kubernetes.io/master(deprecated) node-role.kubernetes.io/control-plane node.kubernetes.io/exclude-from-external-load-balancers]
[mark-control-plane] Marking the node k8s-master01 as control-plane by adding the taints [node-role.kubernetes.io/master:NoSchedule]
[bootstrap-token] Using token: 7t2weq.bjbawausm0jaxury
[bootstrap-token] Configuring bootstrap tokens, cluster-info ConfigMap, RBAC Roles
[bootstrap-token] configured RBAC rules to allow Node Bootstrap tokens to get nodes
[bootstrap-token] configured RBAC rules to allow Node Bootstrap tokens to post CSRs in order for nodes to get long term certificate credentials
[bootstrap-token] configured RBAC rules to allow the csrapprover controller automatically approve CSRs from a Node Bootstrap Token
[bootstrap-token] configured RBAC rules to allow certificate rotation for all node client certificates in the cluster
[bootstrap-token] Creating the "cluster-info" ConfigMap in the "kube-public" namespace
[kubelet-finalize] Updating "/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.conf" to point to a rotatable kubelet client certificate and key
[addons] Applied essential addon: CoreDNS
[endpoint] WARNING: port specified in controlPlaneEndpoint overrides bindPort in the controlplane address
[addons] Applied essential addon: kube-proxy

Your Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully!

To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:

  mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
  sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
  sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

Alternatively, if you are the root user, you can run:

  export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf

You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:
  https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/

You can now join any number of the control-plane node running the following command on each as root:

  kubeadm join 192.168.3.200:16443 --token 7t2weq.bjbawausm0jaxury \
	--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:d2fab5e614dc53f1abfb5ab5820d63541bf45bf04a733feaef483764a5724d9d \
	--control-plane --certificate-key 0058686d77ca01df79db171e61746f7ca5cf0d8740a0e88bda2b3a63c9b6b692

Please note that the certificate-key gives access to cluster sensitive data, keep it secret!
As a safeguard, uploaded-certs will be deleted in two hours; If necessary, you can use
"kubeadm init phase upload-certs --upload-certs" to reload certs afterward.

Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:

kubeadm join 192.168.3.200:16443 --token 7t2weq.bjbawausm0jaxury \
	--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:d2fab5e614dc53f1abfb5ab5820d63541bf45bf04a733feaef483764a5724d9d

master加入集群：

mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

cat <<EOF >> /root/.bashrc
export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf
EOF
source /root/.bashrc

#master 加入集群：
  kubeadm join 192.168.3.200:16443 --token 7t2weq.bjbawausm0jaxury \
	--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:d2fab5e614dc53f1abfb5ab5820d63541bf45bf04a733feaef483764a5724d9d \
	--control-plane --certificate-key 0058686d77ca01df79db171e61746f7ca5cf0d8740a0e88bda2b3a63c9b6b692

#node 加入集群：
kubeadm join 192.168.3.200:16443 --token 7t2weq.bjbawausm0jaxury \
	--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:d2fab5e614dc53f1abfb5ab5820d63541bf45bf04a733feaef483764a5724d9d

calico网络配置

cd k8s-ha-install/
git checkout manual-installation-v1.21.x && cd calico/
[root@k8s-master01 calico]# ls
calico-etcd.yaml

KUBE_MASTER=(192.168.3.81 192.168.3.82 192.168.3.83)

sed -i 's#etcd_endpoints: "http://<ETCD_IP>:<ETCD_PORT>"#etcd_endpoints: "https://192.168.3.81:2379,https://192.168.3.82:2379,https://192.168.3.83:2379"#g' calico-etcd.yaml

ETCD_CA=`cat /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/ca.crt | base64 | tr -d '\n'`
ETCD_CERT=`cat /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/server.crt | base64 | tr -d '\n'`
ETCD_KEY=`cat /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/server.key | base64 | tr -d '\n'`

sed -i "s@# etcd-key: null@etcd-key: ${ETCD_KEY}@g; s@# etcd-cert: null@etcd-cert: ${ETCD_CERT}@g; s@# etcd-ca: null@etcd-ca: ${ETCD_CA}@g" calico-etcd.yaml

sed -i 's#etcd_ca: ""#etcd_ca: "/calico-secrets/etcd-ca"#g; s#etcd_cert: ""#etcd_cert: "/calico-secrets/etcd-cert"#g; s#etcd_key: "" #etcd_key: "/calico-secrets/etcd-key" #g' calico-etcd.yaml

POD_SUBNET=`cat /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-controller-manager.yaml | grep cluster-cidr= | awk -F= '{print $NF}'`

# 注意下面的这个步骤是把calico-etcd.yaml文件里面的CALICO_IPV4POOL_CIDR下的网段改成自己的Pod网段，也就是把192.168.x.x/16改成自己的集群网段，并打开注释：

#所以更改的时候请确保这个步骤的这个网段没有被统一替换掉，如果被替换掉了，还请改回来：
#注意对齐，最好进去看一下：
sed -i 's@# - name: CALICO_IPV4POOL_CIDR@- name: CALICO_IPV4POOL_CIDR@g; s@#  value: 172.16.0.0/12@  value: '"${POD_SUBNET}"'@g' calico-etcd.yaml

#修改完成，执行：
kubectl apply -f calico-etcd.yaml

#检查：
[root@k8s-master01 calico]# kubectl get pod -n kube-system
NAME                                      READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
calico-kube-controllers-cdd5755b9-lhn8v   1/1     Running   0          10m
calico-node-4msfq                         1/1     Running   0          10m
calico-node-jrnf9                         1/1     Running   0          10m
calico-node-q4s4l                         1/1     Running   5          10m
calico-node-wql4q                         1/1     Running   0          10m
calico-node-zpnk4                         1/1     Running   0          10m
coredns-6f6b8cc4f6-njzqt                  1/1     Running   0          4h52m
coredns-6f6b8cc4f6-xhrrg                  1/1     Running   0          4h52m
etcd-k8s-master01                         1/1     Running   0          4h52m
etcd-k8s-master02                         1/1     Running   0          4h
etcd-k8s-master03                         1/1     Running   1          4h3m
kube-apiserver-k8s-master01               1/1     Running   0          4h52m
kube-apiserver-k8s-master02               1/1     Running   0          4h
kube-apiserver-k8s-master03               1/1     Running   1          4h3m
kube-controller-manager-k8s-master01      1/1     Running   2          4h52m
kube-controller-manager-k8s-master02      1/1     Running   0          4h
kube-controller-manager-k8s-master03      1/1     Running   1          4h3m
kube-proxy-9f7g9                          1/1     Running   2          4h3m
kube-proxy-c4x9s                          1/1     Running   0          4h52m
kube-proxy-gdkjp                          1/1     Running   0          4h14m
kube-proxy-h5b4d                          1/1     Running   0          4h45m
kube-proxy-vrb9j                          1/1     Running   0          4h
kube-scheduler-k8s-master01               1/1     Running   2          4h52m
kube-scheduler-k8s-master02               1/1     Running   0          4h
kube-scheduler-k8s-master03               1/1     Running   2          4h3m

#必须要是都起来的状态

Metrics部署

#在新版的Kubernetes中系统资源的采集均使用Metrics-server，可以通过Metrics采集节点和Pod的内存、磁盘、CPU和网络的使用率

#将Master01节点的front-proxy-ca.crt复制到所有Node节点

KUBE_MASTER=(192.168.3.81 192.168.3.82 192.168.3.83)
KUBE_NODE=(192.168.3.84 192.168.3.85)
for i in ${KUBE_MASTER[1]} ${KUBE_MASTER[2]} ${KUBE_NODE[@]};do
\scp -r /etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-ca.crt $i:/etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-ca.crt;
done

cd /root/k8s-ha-install/metrics-server-0.4.x-kubeadm/
kubectl  create -f comp.yaml 

[root@k8s-master01 metrics-server-0.4.x-kubeadm]# kubectl top node --use-protocol-buffers
NAME           CPU(cores)   CPU%   MEMORY(bytes)   MEMORY%
k8s-master01   127m         1%     1839Mi          23%
k8s-master02   123m         1%     1488Mi          18%
k8s-master03   126m         1%     1755Mi          22%
k8s-node01     61m          0%     928Mi           11%
k8s-node02     67m          0%     956Mi           12%   

[root@k8s-master01 metrics-server-0.4.x-kubeadm]# kubectl top pod  --use-protocol-buffers -A
NAMESPACE     NAME                                      CPU(cores)   MEMORY(bytes)
kube-system   calico-kube-controllers-cdd5755b9-lhn8v   2m           22Mi
kube-system   calico-node-4msfq                         25m          73Mi
kube-system   calico-node-jrnf9                         19m          77Mi
kube-system   calico-node-q4s4l                         26m          73Mi
kube-system   calico-node-wql4q                         19m          72Mi
kube-system   calico-node-zpnk4                         20m          69Mi
kube-system   coredns-6f6b8cc4f6-njzqt                  2m           20Mi
kube-system   coredns-6f6b8cc4f6-xhrrg                  2m           17Mi
kube-system   etcd-k8s-master01                         22m          68Mi
kube-system   etcd-k8s-master02                         26m          66Mi
kube-system   etcd-k8s-master03                         22m          84Mi
kube-system   kube-apiserver-k8s-master01               24m          460Mi
kube-system   kube-apiserver-k8s-master02               32m          389Mi
kube-system   kube-apiserver-k8s-master03               29m          419Mi
kube-system   kube-controller-manager-k8s-master01      1m           26Mi
kube-system   kube-controller-manager-k8s-master02      1m           30Mi
kube-system   kube-controller-manager-k8s-master03      8m           72Mi
kube-system   kube-proxy-9f7g9                          1m           25Mi
kube-system   kube-proxy-c4x9s                          1m           23Mi
kube-system   kube-proxy-gdkjp                          1m           25Mi
kube-system   kube-proxy-h5b4d                          1m           27Mi
kube-system   kube-proxy-vrb9j                          1m           27Mi
kube-system   kube-scheduler-k8s-master01               2m           26Mi
kube-system   kube-scheduler-k8s-master02               2m           27Mi
kube-system   kube-scheduler-k8s-master03               2m           30Mi
kube-system   metrics-server-d6c46b546-jx6cp            3m           24Mi

dashboard 部署：

cd /root/k8s-ha-install/dashboard/

[root@k8s-master01 dashboard]# kubectl  create -f .
serviceaccount/admin-user created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/admin-user created
namespace/kubernetes-dashboard created
serviceaccount/kubernetes-dashboard created
service/kubernetes-dashboard created
secret/kubernetes-dashboard-certs created
secret/kubernetes-dashboard-csrf created
secret/kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder created
configmap/kubernetes-dashboard-settings created
role.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard created
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard created
rolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard created
deployment.apps/kubernetes-dashboard created
service/dashboard-metrics-scraper created
deployment.apps/dashboard-metrics-scraper created

#创建用户：
vim admin.yaml

apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: admin-user
  namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: admin-user
  annotations:
    rbac.authorization.kubernetes.io/autoupdate: "true"
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: cluster-admin
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: admin-user
  namespace: kube-system

#应用：
[root@k8s-master01 dashboard]# kubectl apply -f admin.yaml -n kube-system
serviceaccount/admin-user created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/admin-user created

#创建dashboard
kubectl apply -f   https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v2.0.3/aio/deploy/recommended.yaml

登录dashboard：

在谷歌浏览器（Chrome）启动文件中加入启动参数，用于解决无法访问Dashboard的问题

--test-type --ignore-certificate-errors

参考图：

#更改dashboard的svc为NodePort：

kubectl edit svc kubernetes-dashboard -n kubernetes-dashboard
找到： type: ClusterIP
改为： type: NodePort

#获取访问端口号：
kubectl get svc kubernetes-dashboard -n kubernetes-dashboard

[root@k8s-master01 dashboard]# kubectl get svc kubernetes-dashboard -n kubernetes-dashboard
NAME                   TYPE       CLUSTER-IP       EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)         AGE
kubernetes-dashboard   NodePort   192.168.157.22   <none>        443:31338/TCP   101s

# https://192.168.3.81:31338/#/login

#获取登录token：
kubectl -n kube-system describe secret $(kubectl -n kube-system get secret | grep admin-user | awk '{print $1}')

将Kube-proxy改为ipvs模式

在master01节点执行
kubectl edit cm kube-proxy -n kube-system

搜索： mode
找到： mode: ""
改为： mode: "ipvs"

#更新Kube-Proxy的Pod：
kubectl patch daemonset kube-proxy -p "{\"spec\":{\"template\":{\"metadata\":{\"annotations\":{\"date\":\"`date +'%s'`\"}}}}}" -n kube-system

#验证Kube-Proxy模式:
[root@k8s-master01 1.1.1]# curl 127.0.0.1:10249/proxyMode
ipvs

注意：

注意：kubeadm安装的集群，证书有效期默认是一年。master节点的kube-apiserver、kube-scheduler、kube-controller-manager、etcd都是以容器运行的。可以通过kubectl get po -n kube-system查看。
启动和二进制不同的是，
kubelet的配置文件在/etc/sysconfig/kubelet和/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml
其他组件的配置文件在/etc/Kubernetes/manifests目录下，比如kube-apiserver.yaml，该yaml文件更改后，kubelet会自动刷新配置，也就是会重启pod。不能再次创建该文件

Kubeadm安装后，master节点默认不允许部署pod，可以通过以下方式打开：
#查看Taints：
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl  describe node -l node-role.kubernetes.io/master=  | grep Taints
Taints:             node-role.kubernetes.io/master:NoSchedule
Taints:             node-role.kubernetes.io/master:NoSchedule
Taints:             node-role.kubernetes.io/master:NoSchedule

删除Taint：
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl  taint node  -l node-role.kubernetes.io/master node-role.kubernetes.io/master:NoSchedule-
node/k8s-master01 untainted
node/k8s-master02 untainted
node/k8s-master03 untainted

[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl  describe node -l node-role.kubernetes.io/master=  | grep Taints
Taints:             <none>
Taints:             <none>
Taints:             <none>