【Azure Developer】【Python 】使用 azure.identity 和 azure.common.credentials 获取Azure AD的Access Token的两种方式

问题描述

使用Python代码，展示如何从Azure AD 中获取目标资源的 Access Token。

如要了解如何从AAD中获取 client id，client secret，tenant id，请参考博文：【Azure Developer】Python代码通过AAD认证访问微软Azure密钥保管库(Azure Key Vault)中机密信息(Secret) 中的操作步骤一栏。

代码展示

获取方式一：使用 azure.identity

1）调用 ClientSecretCredential 方法，通过client_id， client_secret ，tenant_id 以及 authority=AzureAuthorityHosts.AZURE_CHINA，初始化 credentials 对象

2）调用对象中的 get_token方法，特别注意参数 scopes 的传递，如 "https://microsoftgraph.chinacloudapi.cn/.default", 如果缺少.default，则会提示参数错误(详见[遇见问题]部分)

  print("方式一: ClientSecretCredential")

from azure.identity import ClientSecretCredential

credentials = ClientSecretCredential(client_id='xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-76f50363af33', client_secret='.~V9ij1.5Y_F8rL_k8DNpj~RSLFf~H56nH', tenant_id='xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-1316152d9587',authority=AzureAuthorityHosts.AZURE_CHINA)

token =credentials.get_token("https://microsoftgraph.chinacloudapi.cn/.default")

print(token)

调用方式二：使用 azure.common.credentials

1) 调用 ServicePrincipalCredentials 方法，同样通过参数 client_id, secret, tenant, resource 和 china='true' ， 初始化 credentials 对象

2) 解析credentials对象，获取Token中的 access_token属性值。credentials.token['access_token']

print("方式二: ServicePrincipalCredentials")
from azure.common.credentials import ServicePrincipalCredentials

credentials = ServicePrincipalCredentials(client_id='xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-76f50363af33', secret='.~xxxx.xxxx~xxxx~xxxx', tenant='xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-1316152d9587', resource='https://microsoftgraph.chinacloudapi.cn/', china='true')

access_token = credentials.token['access_token']
print(access_token)

方式一和方式二执行的结果相同

PS: 使用 https://jwt.io/ 可以Decoded token 内容。已可读方式查看。

遇见问题

错误一：get_token 提示 requires at least one scope。

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "client.py", line 7, in <module>
    print(credentials.get_token(scopes=""))
  File "C:\Users\bulu\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.8_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python38\site-packages\azure\identity\_internal\get_token_mixin.py", line 64, in get_tokent_token_mixin.py", line 64, 
in get_token    raise ValueError('"get_token" requires at least one scope')
ValueError: "get_token" requires at least one scope

错误的原因就是输入的scope参数不正确。需要输入“https://microsoftgraph.chinacloudapi.cn/.default" 携带.default。

The /.default scope is built in for every application that refers to the static list of permissions configured on the application registration. Source: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/develop/v2-permissions-and-consent#the-default-scope

参考资料

The /.default scope: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/develop/v2-permissions-and-consent#the-default-scope

identity Package: https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-cn/python/api/azure-identity/azure.identity?view=azure-python

AzureAuthorityHosts Class：https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-cn/python/api/azure-identity/azure.identity.azureauthorityhosts?view=azure-python