Linux - 修改内核启动顺序及删除无用内核

问题现象

CentOS7开机启动界面显示多个内核选项

原因分析

正常情况下，有两个启动项，一个是“正常启动”，另一个是“救援模式启动”（rescue）。

如果启动项多于2个，说明当前系统有旧内核未删除。原因是CentOS更新后不会自动删除旧内核。

默认以新内核启动，可以在启动选项中临时选择，也可以修改配置永久指定。

示例：修改默认启动的内核

[root@CentOS-7 ~]# uname -r   # 查看当前内核版本
3.10.0-693.5.2.el7.x86_64
[root@CentOS-7 ~]#
[root@CentOS-7 ~]# cat /boot/grub2/grub.cfg |grep "menuentry "  # 查看所有可用内核
menuentry 'CentOS Linux (3.10.0-693.5.2.el7.x86_64) 7 (Core)' --class centos --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os --unrestricted $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64-advanced-88ae7d3d-ffaf-4402-9d44-56b6845789e4' {
menuentry 'CentOS Linux (3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64) 7 (Core)' --class centos --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os --unrestricted $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64-advanced-88ae7d3d-ffaf-4402-9d44-56b6845789e4' {
menuentry 'CentOS Linux (0-rescue-8405cda22c0b421db40478edcf9c1fb2) 7 (Core)' --class centos --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os --unrestricted $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-0-rescue-8405cda22c0b421db40478edcf9c1fb2-advanced-88ae7d3d-ffaf-4402-9d44-56b6845789e4' {
[root@CentOS-7 ~]#
[root@CentOS-7 ~]# grub2-set-default 'CentOS Linux (3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64) 7 (Core)'
[root@CentOS-7 ~]#
[root@CentOS-7 ~]# grub2-editenv list  # 查看内核修改结果
saved_entry=CentOS Linux (3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64) 7 (Core)
[root@CentOS-7 ~]#

示例：删除无用内核

[root@CentOS-7 ~]# uname -r   # 查看当前内核版本
3.10.0-693.5.2.el7.x86_64
[root@CentOS-7 ~]#
[root@CentOS-7 ~]# rpm -qa |grep kernel-[0-9]  # 查看全部内核包
kernel-3.10.0-693.5.2.el7.x86_64
kernel-3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64
[root@CentOS-7 ~]#
[root@CentOS-7 ~]# yum remove kernel-3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64  # 删除指定的无用内核
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package kernel.x86_64 0:3.10.0-327.el7 will be erased
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

=============================================================================================================================================================
 Package                           Arch                              Version                                      Repository                            Size
=============================================================================================================================================================
Removing:
 kernel                            x86_64                            3.10.0-327.el7                               @anaconda                            136 M

Transaction Summary
=============================================================================================================================================================
Remove  1 Package

Installed size: 136 M
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading packages:
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
  Erasing    : kernel-3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64                                                                                                              1/1
  Verifying  : kernel-3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64                                                                                                              1/1 

Removed:
  kernel.x86_64 0:3.10.0-327.el7                                                                                                                             

Complete!
[root@CentOS-7 ~]#
[root@CentOS-7 ~]# rpm -qa |grep kernel-[0-9]  # 查看全部内核包
kernel-3.10.0-693.5.2.el7.x86_64
[root@CentOS-7 ~]#
[root@CentOS-7 ~]# cat /boot/grub2/grub.cfg |grep "menuentry "
menuentry 'CentOS Linux (3.10.0-693.5.2.el7.x86_64) 7 (Core)' --class centos --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os --unrestricted $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64-advanced-88ae7d3d-ffaf-4402-9d44-56b6845789e4' {
menuentry 'CentOS Linux (0-rescue-8405cda22c0b421db40478edcf9c1fb2) 7 (Core)' --class centos --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os --unrestricted $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-0-rescue-8405cda22c0b421db40478edcf9c1fb2-advanced-88ae7d3d-ffaf-4402-9d44-56b6845789e4' {
[root@CentOS-7 ~]#