np.mat()和np.transpose

例子：

import numpy as np
dataSet = []
with open('/home/lai/下载/20081023025304.plt') as fr:
        for line in fr.readlines()[6:]:
            curline = line.strip().split(',')#字符串方法strip():返回去除两侧（不包括）内部空格的字符串；字符串方法spilt:按照制定的字符将字符串分割成序列
            fltline = curline[0:2]
            fltline = list(map(float, fltline))#list函数将其他类型的序列转换成字符串；map函数将序列curline中的每个元素都转为浮点型
            dataSet.append(fltline)

a = np.mat(dataSet)
a1 = a.transpose()
print(dataSet)
print('a',a)
print('a1',a1)

结果：

[[39.984702, 116.318417], [39.984683, 116.31845], [39.984686, 116.318417], [39.984688, 116.318385], [39.984655, 116.318263], [39.984611, 116.318026], [39.984608, 116.317761], [39.984563, 116.317517], [39.984539, 116.317294], [39.984606, 116.317065], [39.984568, 116.316911], [39.984586, 116.316716], [39.984561, 116.316527], [39.984536, 116.316354], [39.984523, 116.316188], [39.984516, 116.315963], [39.984523, 116.315823], [39.984574, 116.315611], [39.984568, 116.315407], [39.984538, 116.315148], [39.984501, 116.314907], [39.984532, 116.314808], [39.984504, 116.314625], [39.984485, 116.314426], [39.984427, 116.31424], [39.984485, 116.314042], [39.98448, 116.313818], [39.984501, 116.313659], [39.984618, 116.314323], [39.984649, 116.314107], [39.984621, 116.313941], [39.984655, 116.313724], [39.984681, 116.313521], [39.984708, 116.313311], [39.984708, 116.313099], [39.984696, 116.312921], [39.984677, 116.312746], [39.984682, 116.312525], [39.984649, 116.312332], [39.984641, 116.312123], [39.984647, 116.311917], [39.984654, 116.31172], [39.984631, 116.311569], [39.984647, 116.31138], [39.984653, 116.311189], [39.984628, 116.311026], [39.984652, 116.310854], [39.984656, 116.31066], [39.984616, 116.310534], [39.984676, 116.31033], [39.984698, 116.310063], [39.984696, 116.309937], [39.984663, 116.309851], [39.984598, 116.309749], [39.98454, 116.309656], [39.984525, 116.309503], [39.984498, 116.309348], [39.984481, 116.309173], [39.984489, 116.308993], [39.98447, 116.308827], [39.98449, 116.308638], [39.98449, 116.308485], [39.984494, 116.308351], [39.984499, 116.308201], [39.984484, 116.308049], [39.984491, 116.307902], [39.984499, 116.307809], [39.984472, 116.307687], [39.984493, 116.307548], [39.984488, 116.307434], [39.984427, 116.307292], [39.984428, 116.307126], [39.984432, 116.306943], [39.984425, 116.306801], [39.984438, 116.306633], [39.984462, 116.306486], [39.984466, 116.3063], [39.984456, 116.306047], [39.984454, 116.305854], [39.984412, 116.305682], [39.98441, 116.305466], [39.984406, 116.305281], [39.984393, 116.305023], [39.984356, 116.304909], [39.984352, 116.304704], [39.984338, 116.304543], [39.984338, 116.304315], [39.984349, 116.304083], [39.984368, 116.303934], [39.984437, 116.303813], [39.984429, 116.303672], [39.984342, 116.303444], [39.984365, 116.303298], [39.984368, 116.303132], [39.984385, 116.30292], [39.98438, 116.302754], [39.984346, 116.302601], [39.984303, 116.302457], [39.984344, 116.302271], [39.984341, 116.302094], [39.984359, 116.301888], [39.984379, 116.301693], [39.984345, 116.3015], [39.984345, 116.301309], [39.984338, 116.301107], [39.984344, 116.300877], [39.984278, 116.300674], [39.984276, 116.300462], [39.984278, 116.300307], [39.984252, 116.300156], [39.984288, 116.299943], [39.984283, 116.29981], [39.984335, 116.299744], [39.984312, 116.299703], [39.984177, 116.299699], [39.98414, 116.299697], [39.984204, 116.299721], [39.984258, 116.299736], [39.984031, 116.299573], [39.98379, 116.299578], [39.983726, 116.299566], [39.983692, 116.299496], [39.983685, 116.299476], [39.983639, 116.299425], [39.983629, 116.299353], [39.983641, 116.299279], [39.983557, 116.299235], [39.983509, 116.299238], [39.983413, 116.299267], [39.983353, 116.299305], [39.983337, 116.299321], [39.9833, 116.299314], [39.9833, 116.299314], [39.983304, 116.299307], [39.983279, 116.299311], [39.983302, 116.299302], [39.983276, 116.299265], [39.983322, 116.299191], [39.983403, 116.299147], [39.983548, 116.299083], [39.983675, 116.299031], [39.983663, 116.298932], [39.983533, 116.298903], [39.98359, 116.298869], [39.983723, 116.298825], [39.983902, 116.298773], [39.984045, 116.298725], [39.984019, 116.298663], [39.995777, 116.286798], [39.996832, 116.285446], [39.984397, 116.299292], [39.984426, 116.299329], [39.984499, 116.299413], [39.984424, 116.299467], [39.98441, 116.299477], [39.984421, 116.299569], [39.984518, 116.29953], [39.984488, 116.299645], [39.98454, 116.299523], [39.98446, 116.299528], [39.984463, 116.299508], [39.984501, 116.299473], [39.984532, 116.299451], [39.984532, 116.299451], [39.984527, 116.299451], [39.984517, 116.299447], [39.984509, 116.299438], [39.984497, 116.299411], [39.984499, 116.299405], [39.984498, 116.299407], [39.984498, 116.299407], [39.984493, 116.299412], [39.984498, 116.299466], [39.984546, 116.29941], [39.984638, 116.299318], [39.98473, 116.299315], [39.984753, 116.299305], [39.984789, 116.299297], [39.984795, 116.299391], [39.984778, 116.299504], [39.984743, 116.299617], [39.984671, 116.299625], [39.984694, 116.299536], [39.984733, 116.29952], [39.983841, 116.299902], [39.983861, 116.300177], [39.983842, 116.300329], [39.983984, 116.300308], [39.984126, 116.300188], [39.984246, 116.300058], [39.984373, 116.300019], [39.984533, 116.300043], [39.984723, 116.300058], [39.984789, 116.300151], [39.984837, 116.300216], [39.984859, 116.300332], [39.984888, 116.300514], [39.984896, 116.300689], [39.984905, 116.300885], [39.984911, 116.301049], [39.984925, 116.301221], [39.98493, 116.301391], [39.984938, 116.301568], [39.984948, 116.301741], [39.984945, 116.301915], [39.984953, 116.302055], [39.984953, 116.302264], [39.98496, 116.302488], [39.984973, 116.302679], [39.984983, 116.30286], [39.985009, 116.303037], [39.985043, 116.303258], [39.98503, 116.303496], [39.985039, 116.303685], [39.985028, 116.303884], [39.984993, 116.304067], [39.985027, 116.304163], [39.985038, 116.30426], [39.985042, 116.304459], [39.985029, 116.304647], [39.985023, 116.304811], [39.985031, 116.304927], [39.985082, 116.305192], [39.985105, 116.305348], [39.985132, 116.305499], [39.985169, 116.305649], [39.985135, 116.305834], [39.985146, 116.305984], [39.985131, 116.306178], [39.985127, 116.306363], [39.985135, 116.306531], [39.985157, 116.306711], [39.98517, 116.306893], [39.985154, 116.307092], [39.985184, 116.307341], [39.98521, 116.30751], [39.985231, 116.307633], [39.98526, 116.307735], [39.98524, 116.307933], [39.985225, 116.308133], [39.985256, 116.308313], [39.985218, 116.308579], [39.985201, 116.308774], [39.985203, 116.30898], [39.985221, 116.309152], [39.985194, 116.30931], [39.985161, 116.309494], [39.98519, 116.309701], [39.985202, 116.309888], [39.985282, 116.30998], [39.985443, 116.30998], [39.985579, 116.309969], [39.985721, 116.309961], [39.98584, 116.309941], [39.98595, 116.309978], [39.986051, 116.310034], [39.986174, 116.310025], [39.986305, 116.309956], [39.986461, 116.309885], [39.986611, 116.309862], [39.986697, 116.309893], [39.986793, 116.309956], [39.986929, 116.309974], [39.987073, 116.309987], [39.987211, 116.310004], [39.987325, 116.31007], [39.987458, 116.310084], [39.987591, 116.310088], [39.987747, 116.310049], [39.987884, 116.310027], [39.988008, 116.310059], [39.988111, 116.310052], [39.988293, 116.309902], [39.988397, 116.309931], [39.988553, 116.309866], [39.988679, 116.309824], [39.988772, 116.309784], [39.988901, 116.309793], [39.989029, 116.309833], [39.989173, 116.309866], [39.989287, 116.309905], [39.989392, 116.309949], [39.989519, 116.310031], [39.989628, 116.310049], [39.989762, 116.310024], [39.989838, 116.310098], [39.989981, 116.310115], [39.990089, 116.310169], [39.990219, 116.310215], [39.990325, 116.310258], [39.990406, 116.310277], [39.99056, 116.31019], [39.99065, 116.310134], [39.990693, 116.310114], [39.990696, 116.310111], [39.990698, 116.310105], [39.990698, 116.310103], [39.990696, 116.310101], [39.990695, 116.310095], [39.990692, 116.310092], [39.99069, 116.31009], [39.990689, 116.310088], [39.990689, 116.310087], [39.990689, 116.310087], [39.990696, 116.31009], [39.990743, 116.310066], [39.990793, 116.310109], [39.990837, 116.310205], [39.990873, 116.310318], [39.990887, 116.310479], [39.990874, 116.310657], [39.990906, 116.310827], [39.990921, 116.310971], [39.990933, 116.311149], [39.990969, 116.311312], [39.990994, 116.311507], [39.991014, 116.311693], [39.99101, 116.311915], [39.991033, 116.312107], [39.991055, 116.312282], [39.991058, 116.312473], [39.991032, 116.312666], [39.991024, 116.312853], [39.991022, 116.313047], [39.991018, 116.313244], [39.991016, 116.313469], [39.991035, 116.313681], [39.991063, 116.31384], [39.991072, 116.31403], [39.991068, 116.314209], [39.991095, 116.314385], [39.991113, 116.314596], [39.991128, 116.314797], [39.991127, 116.315003], [39.991148, 116.315193], [39.991176, 116.315342], [39.991215, 116.315529], [39.991209, 116.315643], [39.991191, 116.31579], [39.991188, 116.315958], [39.991189, 116.316172], [39.991186, 116.316381], [39.991194, 116.316575], [39.991208, 116.316756], [39.99122, 116.316999], [39.991197, 116.317235], [39.991183, 116.317452], [39.991164, 116.317661], [39.991187, 116.317874], [39.991179, 116.318083], [39.991132, 116.318231], [39.991169, 116.31848], [39.991183, 116.318691], [39.991204, 116.318904], [39.991201, 116.319098], [39.991194, 116.319315], [39.991187, 116.31949], [39.991206, 116.319683], [39.991239, 116.319866], [39.991258, 116.320062], [39.991282, 116.320255], [39.991288, 116.320445], [39.991308, 116.320622], [39.991325, 116.320803], [39.991352, 116.321002], [39.991382, 116.321179], [39.991388, 116.321384], [39.991389, 116.321583], [39.991368, 116.321736], [39.99141, 116.321874], [39.991412, 116.322004], [39.991406, 116.322176], [39.991403, 116.322296], [39.991401, 116.322436], [39.991477, 116.322668], [39.991591, 116.322784], [39.991716, 116.322778], [39.991863, 116.322774], [39.992007, 116.322784], [39.992201, 116.322812], [39.992365, 116.3228], [39.992456, 116.322797], [39.9926, 116.32281], [39.992777, 116.322891], [39.992883, 116.322891], [39.993001, 116.322713], [39.993077, 116.322617], [39.993222, 116.322651], [39.993429, 116.32276], [39.993535, 116.322744], [39.99364, 116.322658], [39.993796, 116.322579], [39.994055, 116.322804], [39.994175, 116.322829], [39.994276, 116.322786], [39.994471, 116.322763], [39.994648, 116.322723], [39.99481, 116.322641], [39.994946, 116.322625], [39.995093, 116.32262], [39.995235, 116.322606], [39.995392, 116.322607], [39.995567, 116.322533], [39.995718, 116.32252], [39.995852, 116.322517], [39.995993, 116.322556], [39.99611, 116.322544], [39.996234, 116.322552], [39.996392, 116.322481], [39.996534, 116.322464], [39.996632, 116.322425], [39.996645, 116.322412], [39.996725, 116.322348], [39.996881, 116.322337], [39.997081, 116.322428], [39.997277, 116.322428], [39.997592, 116.322314], [39.99775, 116.322301], [39.997865, 116.322317], [39.997988, 116.32231], [39.998151, 116.322261], [39.998307, 116.322268], [39.998452, 116.322236], [39.998603, 116.322225], [39.998753, 116.322225], [39.998895, 116.322254], [39.999078, 116.322196], [39.999218, 116.322176], [39.999364, 116.322161], [39.999484, 116.322148], [39.999607, 116.322178], [39.999602, 116.322324], [39.999603, 116.322434], [39.999586, 116.322587], [39.999573, 116.32276], [39.999572, 116.322932], [39.999565, 116.323134], [39.999569, 116.32328], [39.999575, 116.323448], [39.999568, 116.323605], [39.999558, 116.323605], [39.999581, 116.323732], [39.999653, 116.324069], [39.999678, 116.324258], [39.999646, 116.324405], [39.999676, 116.324452], [39.999678, 116.324453], [39.999682, 116.324455], [39.999682, 116.324455], [39.999676, 116.324456], [39.999641, 116.32451], [39.999662, 116.324481], [39.999651, 116.324477], [39.999664, 116.324493], [39.999684, 116.324511], [39.999684, 116.324511], [39.999678, 116.324511], [39.999667, 116.324512], [39.999655, 116.324513], [39.999703, 116.324496], [39.99956, 116.324498], [39.999506, 116.324545], [39.999516, 116.324531], [39.999567, 116.324478], [39.999573, 116.3246], [39.999538, 116.324639], [39.999598, 116.324684], [39.999666, 116.324722], [39.999729, 116.324801], [39.999769, 116.324886], [40.004775, 116.320158], [40.004783, 116.320388], [40.004799, 116.320545], [40.004835, 116.320683], [40.004851, 116.320835], [40.004868, 116.32101], [40.004849, 116.321153], [40.004879, 116.321277], [40.004962, 116.321318], [40.005088, 116.32128], [40.00525, 116.32126], [40.005455, 116.321389], [40.005621, 116.321455], [40.005738, 116.321491], [40.005883, 116.321518], [40.006051, 116.321521], [40.006178, 116.321463], [40.00633, 116.321461], [40.006482, 116.321474], [40.006631, 116.321459], [40.006813, 116.321447], [40.006974, 116.321454], [40.007122, 116.321396], [40.007235, 116.321356], [40.00741, 116.321395], [40.007571, 116.321412], [40.007715, 116.321414], [40.007862, 116.321426], [40.008034, 116.321437], [40.00817, 116.321441], [40.008337, 116.321425], [40.008515, 116.321421], [40.008668, 116.321446], [40.008782, 116.321443], [40.008843, 116.321385], [40.008884, 116.321402], [40.00895, 116.321449], [40.009006, 116.321502], [40.009026, 116.321564], [40.009011, 116.321623], [40.009021, 116.321625], [40.009021, 116.321625], [40.00902, 116.321631], [40.009013, 116.321659], [40.008921, 116.321484], [40.008582, 116.322217], [40.008481, 116.32244], [40.008496, 116.322406], [40.00888, 116.321628], [40.00898, 116.321587], [40.00898, 116.321544], [40.008984, 116.321525], [40.008984, 116.321525], [40.008982, 116.321517], [40.008958, 116.321457], [40.008971, 116.321436], [40.009022, 116.321434], [40.009025, 116.321374], [40.00903, 116.321397], [40.009062, 116.321462], [40.009081, 116.321486], [40.00908, 116.321479], [40.00908, 116.321479], [40.009081, 116.321481], [40.009083, 116.321491], [40.009094, 116.32152], [40.009072, 116.321585], [40.009083, 116.321467], [40.00908, 116.321442], [40.009087, 116.321453], [40.009065, 116.321479], [40.009071, 116.321517], [40.009075, 116.32156], [40.009105, 116.321616], [40.00908, 116.32156], [40.009031, 116.321491], [40.008995, 116.321407], [40.008995, 116.321407], [40.008999, 116.321412], [40.008997, 116.321399], [40.008994, 116.321389], [40.008994, 116.321389], [40.008995, 116.321392], [40.009235, 116.321472], [40.009268, 116.321446], [40.00927, 116.321447], [40.00927, 116.321447], [40.009272, 116.321451], [40.00928, 116.321473], [40.009278, 116.32147], [40.009242, 116.321445], 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a [[  39.984702  116.318417]
 [  39.984683  116.31845 ]
 [  39.984686  116.318417]
 ...,
 [  40.009243  116.32105 ]
 [  40.009269  116.320978]
 [  40.009328  116.320887]]
a1 [[  39.984702   39.984683   39.984686 ...,   40.009243   40.009269
    40.009328]
 [ 116.318417  116.31845   116.318417 ...,  116.32105   116.320978
   116.320887]]

dataSet原先是列表，我试过其他类型的序列，最后得出结论，np.mat()是将序列转为np的二维数组，np.transpose()是将数组转置