Yum自动下载RPM包及其所有依赖的包
前几天我尝试去创建一个仅包含我们经常在 CentOS 7 下使用的软件的本地仓库。当然，我们可以使用 curl 或者 wget 下载任何软件包，然而这些命令并不能下载要求的依赖软件包。你必须去花一些时间而且手动的去寻找和下载被安装的软件所依赖的软件包。然而，我们并不是必须这样。在这个简短的教程中，我将会带领你以两种方式下载软件包及其所有依赖包。我已经在 CentOS 7 下进行了测试，不过这些相同的步骤或许在其他基于 RPM 管理系统的发行版上也可以工作，例如 RHEL，Fedora 和 Scientific Linux。
方法1利用"Downloadonly"插件下载 RPM 软件包及其所有依赖包
我们可以通过 yum 命令的 “Downloadonly” 插件下载 RPM 软件包及其所有依赖包, 为了安装 Downloadonly 插件，以 root 身份运行以下命令：
- yum install yum-plugin-downloadonly
现在，运行以下命令去下载一个 RPM 软件包
- yum install --downloadonly <package-name>
默认情况下，这个命令将会下载并把软件包保存到 /var/cache/yum/ 的 rhel-{arch}-channel/packageslocation 目录，不过，你也可以下载和保存软件包到任何位置，你可以通过 –downloaddir 选项来指定。
- yum install --downloadonly --downloaddir=<directory> <package-name>
例子：
- yum install --downloadonly --downloaddir=/root/mypackages/ nginx
终端输出:
- Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
- base | 3.6 kB ::
- epel/x86_64/metalink | 5.7 kB ::
- epel | 4.7 kB ::
- extras | 3.4 kB ::
- updates | 3.4 kB ::
- (/): updates//x86_64/primary_db | 3.6 MB ::
- (/): epel/x86_64/updateinfo | kB ::
- (/): epel/x86_64/primary_db | 6.1 MB ::
- Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
- * base: mirrors.cn99.com
- * epel: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn
- * extras: mirrors.cn99.com
- * updates: mirrors.cn99.com
- Resolving Dependencies
- --> Running transaction check
- ---> Package nginx.x86_64 :1.12.-.el7 will be installed
- --> Processing Dependency: nginx-all-modules = :1.12.-.el7 for package: :nginx-1.12.-.el7.x86_64
- --> Processing Dependency: nginx-filesystem = :1.12.-.el7 for package: :nginx-1.12.-.el7.x86_64
- --> Processing Dependency: libcrypto.so.(OPENSSL_1.0.2)(64bit) for package: :nginx-1.12.-.el7.x86_64
- --> Processing Dependency: nginx-filesystem for package: :nginx-1.12.-.el7.x86_64
- --> Processing Dependency: libprofiler.so.()(64bit) for package: :nginx-1.12.-.el7.x86_64
- --> Running transaction check
- ---> Package gperftools-libs.x86_64 :2.4-.el7 will be installed
- --> Processing Dependency: libunwind.so.()(64bit) for package: gperftools-libs-2.4-.el7.x86_64
- ---> Package nginx-all-modules.noarch :1.12.-.el7 will be installed
- --> Processing Dependency: nginx-mod-http-geoip = :1.12.-.el7 for package: :nginx-all-modules-1.12.-.el7.noarch
- --> Processing Dependency: nginx-mod-http-image-filter = :1.12.-.el7 for package: :nginx-all-modules-1.12.-.el7.noarch
- --> Processing Dependency: nginx-mod-http-perl = :1.12.-.el7 for package: :nginx-all-modules-1.12.-.el7.noarch
- --> Processing Dependency: nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter = :1.12.-.el7 for package: :nginx-all-modules-1.12.-.el7.noarch
- --> Processing Dependency: nginx-mod-mail = :1.12.-.el7 for package: :nginx-all-modules-1.12.-.el7.noarch
- --> Processing Dependency: nginx-mod-stream = :1.12.-.el7 for package: :nginx-all-modules-1.12.-.el7.noarch
- ---> Package nginx-filesystem.noarch :1.12.-.el7 will be installed
- ---> Package openssl-libs.x86_64 :1.0.1e-.el7. will be updated
- --> Processing Dependency: openssl-libs(x86-) = :1.0.1e-.el7. for package: :openssl-1.0.1e-.el7..x86_64
- ---> Package openssl-libs.x86_64 :1.0.2k-.el7 will be an update
- --> Running transaction check
- ---> Package libunwind.x86_64 :1.2-.el7 will be installed
- ---> Package nginx-mod-http-geoip.x86_64 :1.12.-.el7 will be installed
- --> Processing Dependency: GeoIP for package: :nginx-mod-http-geoip-1.12.-.el7.x86_64
- --> Processing Dependency: libGeoIP.so.()(64bit) for package: :nginx-mod-http-geoip-1.12.-.el7.x86_64
- ---> Package nginx-mod-http-image-filter.x86_64 :1.12.-.el7 will be installed
- --> Processing Dependency: gd for package: :nginx-mod-http-image-filter-1.12.-.el7.x86_64
- --> Processing Dependency: libgd.so.()(64bit) for package: :nginx-mod-http-image-filter-1.12.-.el7.x86_64
- ---> Package nginx-mod-http-perl.x86_64 :1.12.-.el7 will be installed
- ---> Package nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter.x86_64 :1.12.-.el7 will be installed
- --> Processing Dependency: libxslt.so.(LIBXML2_1.0.11)(64bit) for package: :nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter-1.12.-.el7.x86_64
- --> Processing Dependency: libxslt.so.(LIBXML2_1.0.18)(64bit) for package: :nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter-1.12.-.el7.x86_64
- --> Processing Dependency: libexslt.so.()(64bit) for package: :nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter-1.12.-.el7.x86_64
- --> Processing Dependency: libxslt.so.()(64bit) for package: :nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter-1.12.-.el7.x86_64
- ---> Package nginx-mod-mail.x86_64 :1.12.-.el7 will be installed
- ---> Package nginx-mod-stream.x86_64 :1.12.-.el7 will be installed
- ---> Package openssl.x86_64 :1.0.1e-.el7. will be updated
- ---> Package openssl.x86_64 :1.0.2k-.el7 will be an update
- --> Running transaction check
- ---> Package GeoIP.x86_64 :1.5.-.el7 will be installed
- ---> Package gd.x86_64 :2.0.-.el7 will be installed
- --> Processing Dependency: libpng15.so.(PNG15_0)(64bit) for package: gd-2.0.-.el7.x86_64
- --> Processing Dependency: libjpeg.so.(LIBJPEG_6.)(64bit) for package: gd-2.0.-.el7.x86_64
- --> Processing Dependency: libpng15.so.()(64bit) for package: gd-2.0.-.el7.x86_64
- --> Processing Dependency: libjpeg.so.()(64bit) for package: gd-2.0.-.el7.x86_64
- --> Processing Dependency: libfontconfig.so.()(64bit) for package: gd-2.0.-.el7.x86_64
- --> Processing Dependency: libXpm.so.()(64bit) for package: gd-2.0.-.el7.x86_64
- --> Processing Dependency: libX11.so.()(64bit) for package: gd-2.0.-.el7.x86_64
- ---> Package libxslt.x86_64 :1.1.-.el7 will be installed
- --> Running transaction check
- ---> Package fontconfig.x86_64 :2.10.-.el7 will be installed
- --> Processing Dependency: fontpackages-filesystem for package: fontconfig-2.10.-.el7.x86_64
- --> Processing Dependency: font(:lang=en) for package: fontconfig-2.10.-.el7.x86_64
- ---> Package libX11.x86_64 :1.6.-.el7 will be installed
- --> Processing Dependency: libX11-common >= 1.6.-.el7 for package: libX11-1.6.-.el7.x86_64
- --> Processing Dependency: libxcb.so.()(64bit) for package: libX11-1.6.-.el7.x86_64
- ---> Package libXpm.x86_64 :3.5.-.el7 will be installed
- ---> Package libjpeg-turbo.x86_64 :1.2.-.el7 will be installed
- ---> Package libpng.x86_64 :1.5.-.el7_2 will be installed
- --> Running transaction check
- ---> Package fontpackages-filesystem.noarch :1.44-.el7 will be installed
- ---> Package libX11-common.noarch :1.6.-.el7 will be installed
- ---> Package libxcb.x86_64 :1.12-.el7 will be installed
- --> Processing Dependency: libXau.so.()(64bit) for package: libxcb-1.12-.el7.x86_64
- ---> Package lyx-fonts.noarch :2.2.-.el7 will be installed
- --> Running transaction check
- ---> Package libXau.x86_64 :1.0.-2.1.el7 will be installed
- --> Finished Dependency Resolution
- Dependencies Resolved
- ====================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
- Package Arch Version Repository Size
- ====================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
- Installing:
- nginx x86_64 :1.12.-.el7 epel k
- Installing for dependencies:
- GeoIP x86_64 1.5.-.el7 base 1.1 M
- fontconfig x86_64 2.10.-.el7 base k
- fontpackages-filesystem noarch 1.44-.el7 base 9.9 k
- gd x86_64 2.0.-.el7 base k
- gperftools-libs x86_64 2.4-.el7 base k
- libX11 x86_64 1.6.-.el7 base k
- libX11-common noarch 1.6.-.el7 base k
- libXau x86_64 1.0.-2.1.el7 base k
- libXpm x86_64 3.5.-.el7 base k
- libjpeg-turbo x86_64 1.2.-.el7 base k
- libpng x86_64 :1.5.-.el7_2 base k
- libunwind x86_64 :1.2-.el7 base k
- libxcb x86_64 1.12-.el7 base k
- libxslt x86_64 1.1.-.el7 base k
- lyx-fonts noarch 2.2.-.el7 epel k
- nginx-all-modules noarch :1.12.-.el7 epel k
- nginx-filesystem noarch :1.12.-.el7 epel k
- nginx-mod-http-geoip x86_64 :1.12.-.el7 epel k
- nginx-mod-http-image-filter x86_64 :1.12.-.el7 epel k
- nginx-mod-http-perl x86_64 :1.12.-.el7 epel k
- nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter x86_64 :1.12.-.el7 epel k
- nginx-mod-mail x86_64 :1.12.-.el7 epel k
- nginx-mod-stream x86_64 :1.12.-.el7 epel k
- Updating for dependencies:
- openssl x86_64 :1.0.2k-.el7 base k
- openssl-libs x86_64 :1.0.2k-.el7 base 1.2 M
- Transaction Summary
- ====================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
- Install Package (+ Dependent packages)
- Upgrade ( Dependent packages)
- Total download size: 6.0 M
- Background downloading packages, then exiting:
- Delta RPMs disabled because /usr/bin/applydeltarpm not installed.
- (/): fontpackages-filesystem-1.44-.el7.noarch.rpm | 9.9 kB ::
- (/): fontconfig-2.10.-.el7.x86_64.rpm | kB ::
- (/): gd-2.0.-.el7.x86_64.rpm | kB ::
- (/): libX11-1.6.-.el7.x86_64.rpm | kB ::
- (/): libX11-common-1.6.-.el7.noarch.rpm | kB ::
- (/): libXau-1.0.-2.1.el7.x86_64.rpm | kB ::
- (/): libXpm-3.5.-.el7.x86_64.rpm | kB ::
- (/): libjpeg-turbo-1.2.-.el7.x86_64.rpm | kB ::
- (/): libpng-1.5.-.el7_2.x86_64.rpm | kB ::
- (/): libunwind-1.2-.el7.x86_64.rpm | kB ::
- (/): libxcb-1.12-.el7.x86_64.rpm | kB ::
- (/): libxslt-1.1.-.el7.x86_64.rpm | kB ::
- warning: /root/mypackages/lyx-fonts-2.2.-.el7.noarch.rpm..tmp: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID 352c64e5: NOKEY
- Public key for lyx-fonts-2.2.-.el7.noarch.rpm..tmp is not installed
- (/): lyx-fonts-2.2.-.el7.noarch.rpm | kB ::
- (/): GeoIP-1.5.-.el7.x86_64.rpm | 1.1 MB ::
- (/): nginx-filesystem-1.12.-.el7.noarch.rpm | kB ::
- (/): nginx-mod-http-image-filter-1.12.-.el7.x86_64.rpm | kB ::
- (/): nginx-all-modules-1.12.-.el7.noarch.rpm | kB ::
- (/): nginx-mod-http-perl-1.12.-.el7.x86_64.rpm | kB ::
- (/): nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter-1.12.-.el7.x86_64.rpm | kB ::
- (/): nginx-mod-stream-1.12.-.el7.x86_64.rpm | kB ::
- (/): nginx-mod-mail-1.12.-.el7.x86_64.rpm | kB ::
- (/): nginx-1.12.-.el7.x86_64.rpm | kB ::
- (/): openssl-1.0.2k-.el7.x86_64.rpm | kB ::
- (/): openssl-libs-1.0.2k-.el7.x86_64.rpm | 1.2 MB ::
- (/): nginx-mod-http-geoip-1.12.-.el7.x86_64.rpm | kB ::
- (/): gperftools-libs-2.4-.el7.x86_64.rpm | kB ::
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Total kB/s | 6.0 MB ::
- exiting because "Download Only" specified
现在去你指定的目录位置下，你将会看到那里有下载好的软件包和依赖的软件。在我这种情况下，我已经把软件包下载到 /root/mypackages/ 目录下。
让我们来查看一下内容:
- [root@node76 ~]# ls mypackages/
- fontconfig-2.10.-.el7.x86_64.rpm libpng-1.5.-.el7_2.x86_64.rpm libXpm-3.5.-.el7.x86_64.rpm nginx-mod-http-geoip-1.12.-.el7.x86_64.rpm openssl-1.0.2k-.el7.x86_64.rpm
- fontpackages-filesystem-1.44-.el7.noarch.rpm libunwind-1.2-.el7.x86_64.rpm libxslt-1.1.-.el7.x86_64.rpm nginx-mod-http-image-filter-1.12.-.el7.x86_64.rpm openssl-libs-1.0.2k-.el7.x86_64.rpm
- gd-2.0.-.el7.x86_64.rpm libX11-1.6.-.el7.x86_64.rpm lyx-fonts-2.2.-.el7.noarch.rpm nginx-mod-http-perl-1.12.-.el7.x86_64.rpm
- GeoIP-1.5.-.el7.x86_64.rpm libX11-common-1.6.-.el7.noarch.rpm nginx-1.12.-.el7.x86_64.rpm nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter-1.12.-.el7.x86_64.rpm
- gperftools-libs-2.4-.el7.x86_64.rpm libXau-1.0.-2.1.el7.x86_64.rpm nginx-all-modules-1.12.-.el7.noarch.rpm nginx-mod-mail-1.12.-.el7.x86_64.rpm
- libjpeg-turbo-1.2.-.el7.x86_64.rpm libxcb-1.12-.el7.x86_64.rpm nginx-filesystem-1.12.-.el7.noarch.rpm nginx-mod-stream-1.12.-.el7.x86_64.rpm
正如你在上面输出所看到的, nginx软件包已经被依据所有依赖性下载完成了 。
请注意，这个插件适用于 yum install/yum update， 但是并不适用于 yum groupinstall。默认情况下，这个插件将会下载仓库中最新可用的软件包。然而你可以通过指定版本号来下载某个特定的软件版本。
例子:
- yum install --downloadonly --downloaddir=/root/mypackages/ httpd-2.2.-.el7
此外，你也可以如下一次性下载多个包：
- yum install --downloadonly --downloaddir=/root/mypackages/ httpd vsftpd
方法 2 使用 "Yumdownloader"工具来下载 RPM 软件包及其所有依赖包
“Yumdownloader” 是一款简单，但是却十分有用的命令行工具，它可以一次性下载任何 RPM 软件包及其所有依赖包。
以 root 身份运行如下命令安装 “Yumdownloader” 工具。
- yum install yum-utils
一旦安装完成，运行如下命令去下载一个软件包，例如 httpd:
- yumdownloader httpd
为了根据所有依赖性下载软件包，我们使用 --resolve 参数：
- yumdownloader --resolve httpd
默认情况下，Yumdownloader 将会下载软件包到当前工作目录下。
为了将软件下载到一个特定的目录下，我们使用 --destdir 参数：
- yumdownloader --resolve --destdir=/root/mypackages/ httpd
或者：
- yumdownloader --resolve --destdir /root/mypackages/ httpd
终端输出：
- Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
- Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
- * base: centos.excellmedia.net
- * epel: epel.mirror.angkasa.id
- * extras: centos.excellmedia.net
- * updates: centos.excellmedia.net
- --> Running transaction check
- ---> Package httpd.x86_64 :2.4.-.el7.centos. will be installed
- --> Processing Dependency: httpd-tools = 2.4.-.el7.centos. for package: httpd-2.4.-.el7.centos..x86_64
- --> Processing Dependency: /etc/mime.types for package: httpd-2.4.-.el7.centos..x86_64
- --> Processing Dependency: libaprutil-.so.()(64bit) for package: httpd-2.4.-.el7.centos..x86_64
- --> Processing Dependency: libapr-.so.()(64bit) for package: httpd-2.4.-.el7.centos..x86_64
- --> Running transaction check
- ---> Package apr.x86_64 :1.4.-.el7 will be installed
- ---> Package apr-util.x86_64 :1.5.-.el7 will be installed
- ---> Package httpd-tools.x86_64 :2.4.-.el7.centos. will be installed
- ---> Package mailcap.noarch :2.1.-.el7 will be installed
- --> Finished Dependency Resolution
- (/): apr-util-1.5.-.el7.x86_64.rpm | kB ::
- (/): mailcap-2.1.-.el7.noarch.rpm | kB ::
- (/): apr-1.4.-.el7.x86_64.rpm | kB ::
- (/): httpd-tools-2.4.-.el7.centos..x86_64.rpm | kB ::
- (/): httpd-2.4.-.el7.centos..x86_64.rpm | 2.7 MB ::
让我们确认一下软件包是否被下载到我们指定的目录下：
- ll /root/mypackages/
- apr-1.4.-.el7.x86_64.rpm
- apr-util-1.5.-.el7.x86_64.rpm
- httpd-2.4.-.el7.centos..x86_64.rpm
- httpd-tools-2.4.-.el7.centos..x86_64.rpm
- mailcap-2.1.-.el7.noarch.rpm
不像 Downloadonly 插件，Yumdownload 可以下载一组相关的软件包。
- yumdownloader "@Development Tools" --resolve --destdir /root/mypackages/
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