解决PL/SQL Developer连接数据库时出现 “ORA-12541:TNS:无监听程序”错误

在用PL/SQL Developer连接数据库时出现
“ORA-12541:TNS:无监听程序”错误。

1、检查listener.log日志
发现下面错误：
TNSLSNR for 32-bit Windows: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 20-9月 -2008 10:25:26

Copyright (c) 1991, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.

系统参数文件为D:/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
写入D:/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/log/listener.log的日志信息
写入D:/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/trace/listener.trc的跟踪信息
跟踪级别当前为0

以 pid=1704 开始
监听: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(PIPENAME=//./pipe/EXTPROC1ipc)))
监听该对象时出错: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=0.5.0.5)(PORT=1521)))
TNS-12545: 因目标主机或对象不存在, 连接失败
TNS-12560: TNS: 协议适配器错误
TNS-00515: 因目标主机或对象不存在, 连接失败
32-bit Windows Error: 49: Unknown error
不再监听: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(PIPENAME=//./pipe/EXTPROC1ipc)))

2、查看Oracle的listener是否启动
C:/Documents and Settings/mengzhaoliang>lsnrctl status

LSNRCTL for 32-bit Windows: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 20-9月 -2008 10:5
0:44

Copyright (c) 1991, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.

正在连接到 (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1)))
TNS-12541: TNS: 无监听程序
TNS-12560: TNS: 协议适配器错误
TNS-00511: 无监听程序
32-bit Windows Error: 2: No such file or directory
正在连接到 (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=0.5.0.5)(PORT=1521)))
TNS-12535: TNS: 操作超时
TNS-12560: TNS: 协议适配器错误
TNS-00505: 操作超时
32-bit Windows Error: 60: Unknown error

原来没有启动listener，用“lsnrctl start”命令也不能启动。
C:/Documents and Settings/mengzhaoliang>lsnrctl start

LSNRCTL for 32-bit Windows: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 20-9月 -2008 10:5
2:16

Copyright (c) 1991, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.

启动tnslsnr: 请稍候...

TNSLSNR for 32-bit Windows: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
系统参数文件为D:/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
写入D:/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/log/listener.log的日志信息
监听: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(PIPENAME=//./pipe/EXTPROC1ipc)))
监听该对象时出错: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=0.5.0.5)(PORT=1521))
)
TNS-12545: 因目标主机或对象不存在, 连接失败
TNS-12560: TNS: 协议适配器错误
TNS-00515: 因目标主机或对象不存在, 连接失败
32-bit Windows Error: 49: Unknown error

监听程序未能启动。请参阅上面的错误消息...

3、查看listener.ora的内容：
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: D:/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
(ORACLE_HOME = D:/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)
(PROGRAM = extproc)
)
)
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 0.5.0.5)(PORT = 1521))
)
)

原来本机的ip发生改变后，就出现了上述问题，改变数据库的监听ip地址:
把(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 0.5.0.5)(PORT = 1521))
改成
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 127.0.0.1)(PORT = 1521))

127.0.0.1：也就是目前数据库正在用的ip地址。

4、再次启动oracle的listener
C:/Documents and Settings/mengzhaoliang>lsnrctl start

LSNRCTL for 32-bit Windows: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 20-9月 -2008 10:5
4:40

Copyright (c) 1991, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.

启动tnslsnr: 请稍候...

TNSLSNR for 32-bit Windows: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
系统参数文件为D:/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
写入D:/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/log/listener.log的日志信息
监听: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(PIPENAME=//./pipe/EXTPROC1ipc)))
监听: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=127.0.0.1)(PORT=1521)))

正在连接到 (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1)))
LISTENER 的 STATUS
------------------------
别名                      LISTENER
版本                      TNSLSNR for 32-bit Windows: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Produ
ction
启动日期                  20-9月 -2008 10:54:41
正常运行时间              0 天 0 小时 0 分 1 秒
跟踪级别                  off
安全性                    ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
监听程序参数文件          D:/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.o
ra
监听程序日志文件          D:/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/log/listener.log

监听端点概要...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(PIPENAME=//./pipe/EXTPROC1ipc)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=127.0.0.1)(PORT=1521)))
服务摘要..
服务 "PLSExtProc" 包含 1 个例程。
例程 "PLSExtProc", 状态 UNKNOWN, 包含此服务的 1 个处理程序...
命令执行成功

启动已经成功，

5.再tnsnames.ora上添加上
ORCL_127.0.0.1 =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 127.0.0.1)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
)
)

6、再次用PL/SQL Developer再次连接数据库
出现下面错误：
TNS-12514: TNS: 监听程序当前无法识别连接描述符中请求的服务

再次检查listener.log日志
20-9月 -2008 11:01:54 * (CONNECT_DATA=(SERVER=DEDICATED)(SERVICE_NAME=orcl)(CID=

(PROGRAM=D:/plsql/plsqldev.exe)(HOST=RUIFEI-EF0ADC98)(USER=mengzhaoliang))) * (ADDRESS=

(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=127.0.0.1)(PORT=1267)) * establish * orcl * 12514
TNS-12514: TNS: 监听程序当前无法识别连接描述符中请求的服务

查看listener：
C:/Documents and Settings/mengzhaoliang>lsnrctl services

LSNRCTL for 32-bit Windows: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 20-9月 -2008 11:1
1:09

Copyright (c) 1991, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.

正在连接到 (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1)))
服务摘要..
服务 "PLSExtProc" 包含 1 个例程。
例程 "PLSExtProc", 状态 UNKNOWN, 包含此服务的 1 个处理程序...
处理程序:
"DEDICATED" 已建立:0 已被拒绝:0
LOCAL SERVER
命令执行成功

7、用sqlplus也出现同样错误：
C:/Documents and Settings/mengzhaoliang>sqlplusscott/mzl@ORCL_127.0.0.1

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 星期六 9月 20 11:15:09 2008

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.

ERROR:
ORA-12514: TNS: 监听程序当前无法识别连接描述符中请求的服务

8、查看listenser状态：
C:/Documents and Settings/mengzhaoliang>lsnrctl status

LSNRCTL for 32-bit Windows: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 20-9月 -2008 11:2
6:42

Copyright (c) 1991, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.

正在连接到 (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1)))
LISTENER 的 STATUS
------------------------
别名                      LISTENER
版本                      TNSLSNR for 32-bit Windows: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Produ
ction
启动日期                  20-9月 -2008 11:24:33
正常运行时间              0 天 0 小时 2 分 8 秒
跟踪级别                  off
安全性                    ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
监听程序参数文件          D:/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.o
ra
监听程序日志文件          D:/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/log/listener.log

监听端点概要...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(PIPENAME=//./pipe/EXTPROC1ipc)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=127.0.0.1)(PORT=1521)))
服务摘要..
服务 "PLSExtProc" 包含 1 个例程。
例程 "PLSExtProc", 状态 UNKNOWN, 包含此服务的 1 个处理程序...
命令执行成功

C:/Documents and Settings/mengzhaoliang>tnsping orcl

TNS Ping Utility for 32-bit Windows: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 20-9月 -
2008 11:27:43

Copyright (c) 1997, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.

已使用的参数文件:
D:/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/sqlnet.ora

TNS-03505: 无法解析名称

9、查看sqlnet.ora内容：
# sqlnet.ora Network Configuration File: D:/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/sqlnet.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

# This file is actually generated by netca. But if customers choose to
# install "Software Only", this file wont exist and without the native
# authentication, they will not be able to connect to the database on NT.

SQLNET.AUTHENTICATION_SERVICES= (NTS)

NAMES.DIRECTORY_PATH= (TNSNAMES, EZCONNECT)

10.把listener.ora的内容：
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: D:/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
      (SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
(ORACLE_HOME = D:/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)
      (PROGRAM = extproc)
)
)

LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 127.0.0.1)(PORT = 1521))
)
)

改成下面的内容：

# listener.ora Network Configuration File: D:/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
      (SID_NAME = orcl)
(ORACLE_HOME = D:/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)
#      (PROGRAM = extproc)
)
)

LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = orcl))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 127.0.0.1)(PORT = 1521))
)
)

11、然后关闭、再启动listener
在cmd中执行“lsnrctl stop” 和“lsnrctl stop”命令，再次登陆正常！
C:/Documents and Settings/mengzhaoliang>sqlplus scott/mzl@orcl

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 星期六 9月 20 11:55:47 2008

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.

连接到:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options

SQL>

再次用PL/SQL Peveloper登陆就没有问题了。