Python的scrapy之爬取顶点小说网的所有小说

闲来无事用Python的scrapy框架练练手，爬取顶点小说网的所有小说的详细信息。

看一下网页的构造：

tr标签里面的 td 使我们所要爬取的信息

下面是我们要爬取的二级页面 小说的简介信息：

下面上代码：

mydingdian.py

import scrapy
from scrapy.http import Request
from ..items import DingdianItem

class MydingdianSpider(scrapy.Spider):
    name = 'mydingdian'
    allowed_domains = ['www.x23us.com/']
    start_url = ['https://www.x23us.com/class/']
    starturl=['.html']

    def start_requests(self):
        # for i in range(1,11):
        for i in range(5, 6):
            #print(i)
            url_con=str(i)+'_1'
            #print(url_con)
            url1 = self.start_url+list(url_con)+self.starturl
            #print(url1)
            url=''
            for j in url1:
                url+=j+''
            #print(url)
            yield Request(url, self.parse)

    def parse(self, response):

        baseurl=response.url #真正的url链接
        #print(baseurl)
        max_num = response.xpath('//*[@id="pagelink"]/a[14]/text()').extract_first()  # 获取当前页面的最大页码数
        #print(max_num) #页码数
        baseurl = baseurl[:-7]
        #print(baseurl)

        for num in range(1,int(max_num)+1):
        #for num in range(1, 5):
            #print(list("_" + str(num)))
            newurl1 = list(baseurl) + list("_" + str(num)) + self.starturl
            #print(newurl1)
            newurl=''
            for j in newurl1:
                newurl+=j+''
            print(newurl)
            # 此处使用dont_filter和不使用的效果不一样，使用dont_filter就能够抓取到第一个页面的内容，不用就抓不到
            # scrapy会对request的URL去重(RFPDupeFilter)，加上dont_filter则告诉它这个URL不参与去重。
            yield Request(newurl, dont_filter=True, callback=self.get_name)  # 将新的页面url的内容传递给get_name函数去处理

    def get_name(self,response):
        item=DingdianItem()
        for nameinfo in response.xpath('//tr'):
            #print(nameinfo)
            novelurl = nameinfo.xpath('td[1]/a/@href').extract_first()  # 小说地址
            #print(novelurl)
            name = nameinfo.xpath('td[1]/a[2]/text()').extract_first()  # 小说名字
            #print(name)
            newchapter=nameinfo.xpath('td[2]/a/text()').extract_first()   #最新章节
            #print(newchapter)
            date=nameinfo.xpath('td[5]/text()').extract_first()    #更新日期
            #print(date)
            author = nameinfo.xpath('td[3]/text()').extract_first()  # 小说作者
            #print(author)
            serialstatus = nameinfo.xpath('td[6]/text()').extract_first()  # 小说状态
            #print(serialstatus)
            serialsize = nameinfo.xpath('td[4]/text()').extract_first()  # 小说大小
            #print(serialnumber)
            #print('--==--'*10)
            if novelurl:
                item['novel_name'] = name
                #print(item['novel_name'])
                item['author'] = author
                item['novelurl'] = novelurl
                #print(item['novelurl'])
                item['serialstatus'] = serialstatus
                item['serialsize'] = serialsize
                item['date']=date
                item['newchapter']=newchapter

                print('小说名字:', item['novel_name'])
                print('小说作者:', item['author'])
                print('小说地址:', item['novelurl'])
                print('小说状态:', item['serialstatus'])
                print('小说大小:', item['serialsize'])
                print('更新日期:', item['date'])
                print('最新章节:', item['newchapter'])

                print('===='*5)

                #yield Request(novelurl,dont_filter=True,callback=self.get_novelcontent,meta={'item':item})
                yield item
                '''
    def get_novelcontent(self,response):
        #print(123124)  #测试调用成功url
        item=response.meta['item']
        novelurl=response.url
        #print(novelurl)
        serialnumber = response.xpath('//tr[2]/td[2]/text()').extract_first()  # 连载字数
        #print(serialnumber)
        category = response.xpath('//tr[1]/td[1]/a/text()').extract_first()  # 小说类别
        #print(category)
        collect_num_total = response.xpath('//tr[2]/td[1]/text()').extract_first()  # 总收藏
        #print(collect_num_total)
        click_num_total = response.xpath('//tr[3]/td[1]/text()').extract_first()  # 总点击
        novel_breif = response.xpath('//dd[2]/p[2]').extract_first()        #小说简介

        # item['serialnumber'] = serialnumber
        # item['category'] = category
        # item['collect_num_total']=collect_num_total
        # item['click_num_total']=click_num_total
        # item['novel_breif']=novel_breif
        #
        # print('小说字数:', item['serialnumber'])
        # print('小说类别:', item['category'])
        # print('总收藏:', item['collect_num_total'])
        # print('总点击:', item['click_num_total'])
        # print('小说简介:', item['novel_breif'])
        # print('===='*10)

        yield item

items.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Define here the models for your scraped items
#
# See documentation in:
# https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/items.html

import scrapy

class DingdianItem(scrapy.Item):
    # define the fields for your item here like:
    # name = scrapy.Field()
    novel_name = scrapy.Field()  # 小说名字
    author = scrapy.Field()  # 作者
    novelurl = scrapy.Field()  # 小说地址
    serialstatus = scrapy.Field()  # 状态
    serialsize = scrapy.Field()  # 连载大小
    date=scrapy.Field()        #小说日期
    newchapter=scrapy.Field()   #最新章节

    serialnumber = scrapy.Field()  # 连载字数
    category = scrapy.Field()  # 小说类别
    collect_num_total = scrapy.Field()  # 总收藏
    click_num_total = scrapy.Field()  # 总点击
    novel_breif = scrapy.Field()  # 小说简介

插入数据库的管道  iopipelines.py

from 爬虫大全.dingdian.dingdian import dbutil

# 作业： 自定义的管道，将完整的爬取数据，保存到MySql数据库中
class DingdianPipeline(object):
    def process_item(self, item, spider):
        dbu = dbutil.MYSQLdbUtil()
        dbu.getConnection()  # 开启事物

        # 1.添加
        try:
            #sql = "insert into movies (电影排名,电影名称,电影短评,评价分数,评价人数)values(%s,%s,%s,%s,%s)"
            sql = "insert into ebook (novel_name,author,novelurl,serialstatus,serialsize,ebookdate,newchapter)values(%s,%s,%s,%s,%s,%s,%s)"
            #date = [item['rank'],item['title'],item['quote'],item['star']]
            #dbu.execute(sql, date, True)
            dbu.execute(sql, (item['novel_name'],item['author'],item['novelurl'],item['serialstatus'],item['serialsize'],item['date'],item['newchapter']),True)
            #dbu.execute(sql,True)
            dbu.commit()
            print('插入数据库成功！！')
        except:
            dbu.rollback()
            dbu.commit()  # 回滚后要提交
        finally:
            dbu.close()
        return item

settings.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Scrapy settings for dingdian project
#
# For simplicity, this file contains only settings considered important or
# commonly used. You can find more settings consulting the documentation:
#
#     https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html
#     https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
#     https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html

BOT_NAME = 'dingdian'

SPIDER_MODULES = ['dingdian.spiders']
NEWSPIDER_MODULE = 'dingdian.spiders'

# Crawl responsibly by identifying yourself (and your website) on the user-agent
#USER_AGENT = 'dingdian (+http://www.yourdomain.com)'

# Obey robots.txt rules
ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = True

# Configure maximum concurrent requests performed by Scrapy (default: 16)
CONCURRENT_REQUESTS = 2

# Configure a delay for requests for the same website (default: 0)
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html#download-delay
# See also autothrottle settings and docs
DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 3
# The download delay setting will honor only one of:
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN = 16
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP = 16

# Disable cookies (enabled by default)
#COOKIES_ENABLED = False

# Disable Telnet Console (enabled by default)
#TELNETCONSOLE_ENABLED = False

# Override the default request headers:
#DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS = {
#   'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8',
#   'Accept-Language': 'en',
#}

# Enable or disable spider middlewares
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES = {
    'dingdian.middlewares.DingdianSpiderMiddleware': 543,
}

# Enable or disable downloader middlewares
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
    'dingdian.middlewares.DingdianDownloaderMiddleware': 543,
    'scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.useragent.UserAgentMiddleware' : None,
    'dingdian.rotate_useragent.RotateUserAgentMiddleware' :400
}

# Enable or disable extensions
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/extensions.html
#EXTENSIONS = {
#    'scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole': None,
#}

# Configure item pipelines
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
ITEM_PIPELINES = {
    #'dingdian.pipelines.DingdianPipeline': 300,
    #'dingdian.iopipelines.DingdianPipeline': 301,
}

# Enable and configure the AutoThrottle extension (disabled by default)
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/autothrottle.html
#AUTOTHROTTLE_ENABLED = True
# The initial download delay
#AUTOTHROTTLE_START_DELAY = 5
# The maximum download delay to be set in case of high latencies
#AUTOTHROTTLE_MAX_DELAY = 60
# The average number of requests Scrapy should be sending in parallel to
# each remote server
#AUTOTHROTTLE_TARGET_CONCURRENCY = 1.0
# Enable showing throttling stats for every response received:
#AUTOTHROTTLE_DEBUG = False

# Enable and configure HTTP caching (disabled by default)
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html#httpcache-middleware-settings
HTTPCACHE_ENABLED = True
HTTPCACHE_EXPIRATION_SECS = 0
HTTPCACHE_DIR = 'httpcache'
HTTPCACHE_IGNORE_HTTP_CODES = []
HTTPCACHE_STORAGE = 'scrapy.extensions.httpcache.FilesystemCacheStorage'

LOG_LEVEL='INFO'
LOG_FILE='dingdian.log'

在往数据库插入数据的时候 ，我遇到了

pymysql.err.InterfaceError: (0, '') 这种问题，百度了好久才解决。。。

那是因为scrapy异步的存储的原因,太快。

解决方法:只要放慢爬取速度就能解决,setting.py中设置 DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 2

 

详细代码 附在Github上了

tyutltf/dingdianbook: 爬取顶点小说网的所有小说信息  https://github.com/tyutltf/dingdianbook