java实现mysql的备份还原

此文章是基于

　　1. 搭建Jquery+SpringMVC+Spring+Hibernate+MySQL平台

　　2. jquery+springMVC实现文件上传

一. 简介

　　备份和导入是一个互逆的过程。 
　　备份：程序调用mysql的备份命令，读出控制台输入流信息，写入.sql文件； 
　　导入：程序调用mysql的导入命令，把从.sql文件中读出的信息写入控制台的输出流 
　　注意：用Java执行，每次只能执行一条command命令，重定向符">"和"<"是不能用的

二. 相关程序代码介绍

　　1. BackupRestoreBSImpl.java

package com.ims.service.sys.impl;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import com.ims.service.sys.DataBaseBS;
import com.ims.common.DateUtil;
import com.ims.common.FileUtil;
import com.ims.service.sys.BackupRestoreBS;

@Service("backupRestoreBS")
public class BackupRestoreBSImpl implements BackupRestoreBS{
    private static Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(BackupRestoreBSImpl.class);

    private static final String uploadPath = System.getProperty("webapp.root")+"uploadFile\\backupRestore\\";

    @Autowired
    public DataBaseBS dataBaseBS;

    /**
     * 备份单个数据库
     * @param dbName 数据库名称
     * @return 备份成功或者失败
     */
    @Override
    public boolean backup(String dbName){
        InputStream in = null;
        InputStreamReader inReader = null;
        BufferedReader br = null;
        OutputStreamWriter writer = null;
        FileOutputStream fout = null;

        try {
            logger.info(dbName + "开始备份!");
            // mysqldump的安装路径，支持带空格
            String cmd = "\"\" \""+dataBaseBS.getInstallPath() +"bin\\mysqldump\" -hlocalhost -uroot -p123456 " + dbName;
            // cmd命令在后台执行，没有命令窗口出现或者一闪而过的情况
            Process process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec("cmd /c start /b " + cmd);
            // 把进程执行中的控制台输出信息写入.sql文件，即生成了备份文件。
            // 注：如果不对控制台信息进行读出，则会导致进程堵塞无法运行
            in = process.getInputStream();// 控制台的输出信息作为输入流
            inReader = new InputStreamReader(in, "utf8");// 设置输出流编码为utf8。这里必须是utf8，否则从流中读入的是乱码   

            String inStr;
            StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer("");
            String outStr;
            // 组合控制台输出信息字符串
            br = new BufferedReader(inReader);
            while ((inStr = br.readLine()) != null) {
                sb.append(inStr + "\r\n");
            }
            outStr = sb.toString();   

            // 要用来做导入用的sql目标文件：
            fout = new FileOutputStream(uploadPath + dbName + ".sql");
            writer = new OutputStreamWriter(fout, "utf8");
            writer.write(outStr);
            // 注：这里如果用缓冲方式写入文件的话，会导致中文乱码，用flush()方法则可以避免
            writer.flush();   

        } catch (Exception e) {
            logger.error(dbName + "备份失败!",e);
            return false;
        } finally{
            // 别忘记关闭输入输出流
            try {
                in.close();
                inReader.close();
                br.close();
                writer.close();
                fout.close();
            } catch (Exception e) {
                logger.error(dbName + "备份失败!",e);
                return false;
            }
        }
        logger.info(dbName + "备份成功!");
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * 备份所有的数据库
     */
    @Override
    public Map<String, Object> backupAll(){
        Map<String, Object> result = new HashMap<String, Object>();
        String[] dataBases = dataBaseBS.getDataBases();
        if(FileUtil.deleteAll(uploadPath)){
            File[] srcfile = new File[dataBases.length];
            for(int i=0;i<dataBases.length;i++){
                if(backup(dataBases[i])){
                    srcfile[i] = new File(uploadPath+dataBases[i]+".sql");
                }else{
                    result.put("status", false);
                    result.put("msg", dataBases[i] + "数据备份失败");
                    return result;
                }
            }
            String filename = DateUtil.getCurrDate() + "_backup.zip";
            File zipfile = new File(uploadPath + filename);
            if(FileUtil.zip(srcfile, zipfile)){
                result.put("status", true);
                result.put("msg", filename);
            }else{
                result.put("status", false);
                result.put("msg", "文件压缩失败");
            }
        }else{
            result.put("status", false);
            result.put("msg", "文件夹清空失败");
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * 还原单个数据库
     * @param dbName 数据库名称
     * @return 还原成功或者失败
     */
    @Override
    public boolean restore(String dbName){
        OutputStream out = null;
        BufferedReader br = null;
        OutputStreamWriter writer = null;

        try {
            logger.info(dbName + "开始还原!");
            // mysql的安装路径，支持带空格
            String cmd = "\"\" \""+dataBaseBS.getInstallPath() +"bin\\mysql\" -hlocalhost -uroot -p123456 " + dbName;
            // cmd命令在后台执行，没有命令窗口出现或者一闪而过的情况
            Process process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec("cmd /c start /b " + cmd);
            out = process.getOutputStream();//控制台的输入信息作为输出流
            String inStr;
            StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer("");
            String outStr;
            br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(
                    new FileInputStream(uploadPath + dbName + ".sql"), "utf8"));
            while ((inStr = br.readLine()) != null) {
                sb.append(inStr + "\r\n");
            }
            outStr = sb.toString();   

            writer = new OutputStreamWriter(out, "utf8");
            writer.write(outStr);
            // 注：这里如果用缓冲方式写入文件的话，会导致中文乱码，用flush()方法则可以避免
            writer.flush();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            logger.error(dbName + "还原失败!",e);
            return false;
        } finally {
            // 别忘记关闭输入输出流
            try {
                out.close();
                br.close();
                writer.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                logger.error(dbName + "还原失败!",e);
                return false;
            }
        }
        logger.info(dbName + "还原成功!");
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * 还原所有的数据库
     */
    @Override
    public Map<String, Object> restoreAll(String zipFile){
        Map<String, Object> result = new HashMap<String, Object>();
        String[] dataBases = dataBaseBS.getDataBases();
        if(zipFile.length()>0&&checkFile(zipFile)){
            if(FileUtil.unZip(new File(uploadPath+zipFile), uploadPath)){
                for(int i=0;i<dataBases.length;i++){
                    if(!restore(dataBases[i])){
                        result.put("status", false);
                        result.put("msg", dataBases[i] + "数据还原失败");
                        return result;
                    }
                }
                System.gc();// 强制回收内存垃圾，否则zip文件一直被占用删除不了
                result.put("status", true);
                result.put("msg", "数据还原成功");
            }else{
                result.put("status", false);
                result.put("msg", "解压缩包失败");
            }
        }else{
            result.put("status", false);
            result.put("msg", "没有找到可还原的数据压缩文件");
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * 根据文件名验证文件是否合法
     * @param fileName
     * @return
     */
    public boolean checkFile(String fileName){
        String[] strs = fileName.split("_");
        if(strs.length>1){
            String checkStr = strs[strs.length-1];
            if("backup.zip".equals(checkStr)){
                return true;
            }else{
                return false;
            }
        }else{
            return false;
        }
    }

    @Override
    public String getUploadpath() {
        return uploadPath;
    }
}

　　2. DataBaseBSImpl.java，可设置要备份的数据库名称，如：sys

package com.ims.service.sys.impl;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import com.ims.persistence.base.SqlXmlParser;
import com.ims.persistence.dao.sys.DataBaseDao;
import com.ims.service.sys.DataBaseBS;

@Service("dataBaseBS")
public class DataBaseBSImpl implements DataBaseBS{
    private static final String sqlXml = "sys/dataBase.xml";
    private static final String[] dataBases = new String[]{"sys"};

    @Autowired
    private DataBaseDao dataBaseDao;

    @Override
    public String getInstallPath() {
        String installPath = (String)dataBaseDao.findUniqueResultBySql(new SqlXmlParser(sqlXml).parse("installPath", null));
        return installPath;
    }

    @Override
    public String[] getDataBases() {
        return dataBases;
    }
}

　　3. TestController.java

package com.ims.web.controller;

import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartHttpServletRequest;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import com.ims.common.FileUtil;
import com.ims.service.sys.BackupRestoreBS;

@Controller
@RequestMapping("test")
public class TestController extends BaseController{
    @Autowired
    private BackupRestoreBS backupRestoreBS;

    @RequestMapping("view")
    public ModelAndView test(){
        ModelAndView view = new ModelAndView("test.jsp");
        return view;
    }

    @RequestMapping("backupRestore!backup")
    public void backup(){
        Map<String, Object> result = backupRestoreBS.backupAll();
        ajaxJson((Boolean)result.get("status")?STATUS_SUCCESS:STATUS_ERROR, result.get("msg"));
    }

    @RequestMapping("backupRestore!download")
    public void download(@RequestParam Map<String, Object> params){
        InputStream in=null;
        OutputStream out=null;
        String fileName = (String)params.get("fileName");
        try{
            response.setContentType("application/x-download;charset=GBK");
            response.setHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment;filename="+new String(fileName.getBytes("GBK"),"ISO8859_1"));
            out=response.getOutputStream();
            //将内容写入输出流并把缓存的内容全部发出去
            in=new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(backupRestoreBS.getUploadpath()+fileName));
            int len = 0;
            byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
            while((len = in.read(buffer)) > 0) {
                out.write(buffer,0,len);
            }
            out.flush();
        }catch(Exception e){
            ajaxJson(STATUS_ERROR, "文件下载失败");
        }finally{
            if(in!=null){
                try{
                    in.close();
                }catch(IOException e){
                    ajaxJson(STATUS_ERROR, "输入流关闭失败");
                }
            }

            if(out!=null){
                try{
                    out.close();
                }catch(IOException e){
                    ajaxJson(STATUS_ERROR, "输出流关闭失败");
                }
            }
        }
    }

    @RequestMapping("backupRestore!restore")
    public void restore(@RequestParam Map<String, String> params,
            MultipartHttpServletRequest multipartRequest){
        Map<String, Object> result = new HashMap<String, Object>();
        try {
            if(FileUtil.deleteAll(backupRestoreBS.getUploadpath())){
                MultipartFile restoreFile = multipartRequest.getFile("restoreFile");
                String fileName = restoreFile.getOriginalFilename();
                if(FileUtil.saveFileFromInputStream(restoreFile.getInputStream(),
                        backupRestoreBS.getUploadpath()+fileName)){
                    Map<String, Object> restoreResult = backupRestoreBS.restoreAll(fileName);
                    result.put("status", STATUS_SUCCESS);
                    result.put("message", restoreResult.get("msg"));
                }else{
                    result.put("status", STATUS_ERROR);
                    result.put("message", "文件保存失败");
                }
            }else{
                result.put("status", STATUS_ERROR);
                result.put("message", "文件夹清空失败");
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            result.put("status", STATUS_ERROR);
            result.put("message", "数据还原失败");
        }
        ajax(JSON.toJSONString(result),"text/html");
    }
}

　

　　4. backupRestore.jsp

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN">
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<html>
 <head>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
    <title>测试</title>
    <%@ include file="/common/basePath.jsp"%>
 </head>
 <body>
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~mysql数据库的备份与还原~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 <br><br>
   数据备份：<button type="button" onclick="backup();">备份</button>
 <br><br>
   数据选择：<input type="file" id="restoreFile" style="width: 350px;"/>
 <br><br>
   导入还原：<button type="button" onclick="restore();">还原</button>
 <br><br><br>
 <script type="text/javascript" src="content/js/jquery/jquery-1.8.1.min.js"></script>
 <script type="text/javascript" src="content/js/core/utils.js"></script>
 <script type="text/javascript" src="content/js/core/common.js"></script>
 <script type="text/javascript" src="content/js/jquery-plugin/fileUpload/jquery.ajaxFileUpload.js"></script>
 <script type="text/javascript">

    function backup(){
        $.ajax({
            async:true,
            url: rootPath+"/test/backupRestore!backup.do",
            success: function (d) {
                if(d.status=='success'){
                    var exporter = com.exporter();
                    exporter.params.action = rootPath+"/test/backupRestore!download.do?fileName="+d.message;
                    exporter.download('zip');
                    alert("备份成功！");
                } else {
                    alert(d.message);
                }
            }
        });
    }

    function restore() {
        $.ajaxFileUpload({
            url:rootPath+"/test/backupRestore!restore.do",
            secureuri:false,
            fileElementId: ['restoreFile'],
            dataType: 'json',
            success: function (data){
                if(data.status=='success'){
                    alert('还原成功！');
                } else {
                    alert(data.message);
                }
            },
            error: function(data){
            }
        });
    }
 </script>
 </body>
</html>

三. 测试

　　访问：http://localhost:8080/ims/test/backupRestore.do

　　1. 备份：点击 备份 按钮，浏览器会下载压缩后的备份文件，格式如：2017-03-16_backup.zip

　　2. 还原：选择刚下载的压缩后的备份文件，点击 还原 按钮，数据库被成功还原