Ribbon负载均衡及Feign消费者调用服务

简介

前面讲了eureka服务注册与发现，但是结合eureka集群的服务调用没讲。

这里的话就要用到Ribbon，结合eureka，来实现服务的调用；

Ribbon是Netflix发布的负载均衡器，它有助于控制HTTP和TCP的客户端的行为。为Ribbon配置服务提供者地址后，Ribbon就可基于某种负载均衡算法，自动地帮助服务消费者去请求。Ribbon默认为我们提供了很多负载均衡算法，例如轮询、随机等。当然，我们也可为Ribbon实现自定义的负载均衡算法。

在Spring Cloud中，当Ribbon与Eureka配合使用时，Ribbon可自动从Eureka Server获取服务提供者地址列表，并基于负载均衡算法，请求其中一个服务提供者实例。展示了Ribbon与Eureka配合使用时的架构。

初步应用

Ribbon是客户端负载均衡，所以肯定集成再消费端，也就是consumer端

我们修改microservice-student-consumer-80

首先，引入依赖，pom.xml 加入 ribbon相关依赖

<!--ribbon相关依赖-->

<dependency>

    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>

    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>

</dependency>

<dependency>

    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>

    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-ribbon</artifactId>

</dependency>

<dependency>

    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>

    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId>

</dependency>

application.yml加

server:

  port:

  context-path: /

eureka:

  client:

    service-url:

      defaultZone: http://eureka2001.jt.com:2001/eureka/,http://eureka2002.jt.com:2002/eureka/,http://eureka2003.jt.com:2003/eureka/

    register-with-eureka: false

ribbon结合eureka来调用服务提供者；

SpringCloudConfig也改成要加个负载均衡配置 @LoadBalanced

package com.jt.microservicestudentconsumer80.config;

import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

@Configuration

public class SpringCloudConfig {

    @LoadBalanced  // 引入ribbon负载均衡

    @Bean

    public RestTemplate getRestTemplate(){

        return new RestTemplate();

    }

}

因为和eureka整合，所以启动类StudentConsumerApplication_80 加个注解 @EnableEurekaClient

这里还有一个，要修改下StudentConsumerController的PRE_HOST，改成指定的微服务应用名称；

当然这里要先在服务提供者microservice-student-provider-1001的application.yml加下配置，指定下应用名称：

server:

  port:

  context-path: /

spring:

  application:

    name: microservice-student

  datasource:

    type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource

    driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver

    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/xm1?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8

    username: root

    password:

  jpa:

    hibernate:

      ddl-auto: update

    show-sql: true

eureka:

  instance:

    hostname: localhost  #eureka客户端主机实例名称

    appname: microservice-student  #客户端服务名

    instance-id: microservice-student: #客户端实例名称

    prefer-ip-address: true #显示IP

  client:

    service-url:

      defaultZone: http://localhost:2001/eureka   #把服务注册到eureka注册中心

info:

  groupId: com.jt.testSpringcloud

  artifactId: microservice-student-provider-

  version: 1.0-SNAPSHOT

  userName: http://jt.com

  phone:

我们的微服务应用名称是 microservice-student

所以服务调用者这边的控制器里PRE_HOST改成 http://MICROSERVICE-STUDENT即可；

MICROSERVICE-STUDENT为Eureka注册中心的应用名称

package com.jt.microservicestudentconsumer80.controller;

import com.jt.microservicecommon.entity.Student;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;

import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

import java.util.List;

@RestController

@RequestMapping("/student")

public class StudentConsumerController {

    private final static String SERVER_IP_PORT = "http://MICROSERVICE-STUDENT";

     @Autowired

     private RestTemplate restTemplate;

     @PostMapping(value="/save")

     private boolean save(Student student){

         return restTemplate.postForObject(SERVER_IP_PORT+"/student/save", student, Boolean.class);

     }

    @GetMapping(value="/list")

    public List<Student> list(){

        return restTemplate.getForObject(SERVER_IP_PORT+"/student/list", List.class);

    }

    @GetMapping(value="/get/{id}")

    public Student get(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){

        return restTemplate.getForObject(SERVER_IP_PORT+"/student/get/"+id, Student.class);

    }

    @GetMapping(value="/delete/{id}")

    public boolean delete(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){

        try{

            restTemplate.getForObject(SERVER_IP_PORT+"/student/delete/"+id, Boolean.class);

            return true;

        }catch(Exception e){

            return false;

        }

    }

}

上面配置好后，我们可以测试下；

先启动三个eureka，然后再启动服务提供者，再启动服务消费者；

Ribbon负载均衡

按照它microservice-student-provider-1001建立一个microservice-student-provider子项目，然后将microservice-student-provider-1001这个子项目干掉；

前面搭建了初步例子，但是还没实现真正负载均衡，我们这里要先搞三个服务提供者集群，然后才能演示负载均衡，以及负载均衡策略；

新建项目microservice-student-provider-1002，microservice-student-provider-1003

pom.xml，application.yml，以及java类都复制一份，启动类名称对应的改下；

yml配置文件有两处要对应的改下，port端口改下，以及服务实例名称改下；

相关pom

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">

    <modelVersion>4.0.</modelVersion>

    <parent>

            <groupId>com.jt</groupId>

            <artifactId>microservice</artifactId>

            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    </parent>

    <artifactId>microservice-student-provider</artifactId>

    <properties>

        <java.version>1.8</java.version>

    </properties>

    <dependencies>

        <dependency>

            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>

            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>

        </dependency>

        <dependency>

            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>

            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>

            <scope>test</scope>

        </dependency>

        <dependency>

            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>

            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>

        </dependency>

        <dependency>

            <groupId>mysql</groupId>

            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>

        </dependency>

        <dependency>

            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>

            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>

        </dependency>

        <dependency>

            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>

            <artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>

        </dependency>

        <!--  修改后立即生效，热部署  -->

        <dependency>

            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>

            <artifactId>springloaded</artifactId>

        </dependency>

        <dependency>

            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>

            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>

        </dependency>

        <dependency>

            <groupId>com.jt</groupId>

            <artifactId>microservice-common</artifactId>

            <version>0.0.-SNAPSHOT</version>

            <scope>compile</scope>

        </dependency>

        <dependency>

            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>

            <artifactId>spring-cloud-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>

            <version>1.4..RELEASE</version>

            <scope>compile</scope>

        </dependency>

        <!--添加注册中心Eureka相关配置-->

        <dependency>

            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>

            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>

        </dependency>

        <dependency>

            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>

            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId>

        </dependency>

        <!-- actuator监控引入 -->

        <dependency>

            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>

            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>

        </dependency>

    </dependencies>

    <build>

        <plugins>

            <plugin>

                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>

                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>

            </plugin>

        </plugins>

    </build>

</project>

Yml文件

---

server:

  port:

  context-path: /

spring:

  datasource:

    type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource

    driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver

    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/xm1?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8

    username: root

    password:

  jpa:

    hibernate:

      ddl-auto: update

    show-sql: true

  application:

    name: microservice-student

  profiles: provider-

eureka:

  instance:

    hostname: localhost

    appname: microservice-student

    instance-id: microservice-student:

    prefer-ip-address: true

  client:

    service-url:

      defaultZone: http://eureka2001.jt.com:2001/eureka/,http://eureka2002.jt.com:2002/eureka/,http://eureka2003.jt.com:2003/eureka/

info:

  groupId: com.jt.testSpringcloud

  artifactId: microservice-student-provider-

  version: 1.0-SNAPSHOT

  userName: http://jt.com

  phone: 

---

server:

  port:

  context-path: /

spring:

  datasource:

    type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource

    driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver

    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/xm1?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8

    username: root

    password:

  jpa:

    hibernate:

      ddl-auto: update

    show-sql: true

  application:

    name: microservice-student

  profiles: provider-

eureka:

  instance:

    hostname: localhost

    appname: microservice-student

    instance-id: microservice-student:

    prefer-ip-address: true

  client:

    service-url:

      defaultZone: http://eureka2001.jt.com:2001/eureka/,http://eureka2002.jt.com:2002/eureka/,http://eureka2003.jt.com:2003/eureka/

info:

  groupId: com.jt.testSpringcloud

  artifactId: microservice-student-provider-

  version: 1.0-SNAPSHOT

  userName: http://jt.com

  phone: 

---

server:

  port:

  context-path: /

spring:

  datasource:

    type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource

    driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver

    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/xm1?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8

    username: root

    password:

  jpa:

    hibernate:

      ddl-auto: update

    show-sql: true

  application:

    name: microservice-student

  profiles: provider-

eureka:

  instance:

    hostname: localhost

    appname: microservice-student

    instance-id: microservice-student:

    prefer-ip-address: true

  client:

    service-url:

      defaultZone: http://eureka2001.jt.com:2001/eureka/,http://eureka2002.jt.com:2002/eureka/,http://eureka2003.jt.com:2003/eureka/

info:

  groupId: com.jt.testSpringcloud

  artifactId: microservice-student-provider-

  version: 1.0-SNAPSHOT

  userName: http://jt.com

  phone:

启动类

package com.jt.microservicestudentprovider;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;

import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.domain.EntityScan;

import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;

@EntityScan("com.jt.*.*")

@EnableEurekaClient

@SpringBootApplication

public class MicroserviceStudentProviderApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        SpringApplication.run(MicroserviceStudentProviderApplication.class, args);

    }

}

StudentProviderController.java

package com.jt.microservicestudentprovider.controller;

import com.jt.microservicecommon.entity.Student;

import com.jt.microservicestudentprovider.service.StudentService;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;

import java.util.List;

@RestController

@RequestMapping("/student")

public class StudentProviderController {

    @Autowired

    private StudentService studentService;

    @Value("${server.port}")

    private String port;

    @PostMapping(value="/save")

    public boolean save(Student student){

        try{

            studentService.save(student);

            return true;

        }catch(Exception e){

            return false;

        }

    }

    @GetMapping(value="/list")

    public List<Student> list(){

        return studentService.list();

    }

    @GetMapping(value="/get/{id}")

    public Student get(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){

        return studentService.findById(id);

    }

    @GetMapping(value="/delete/{id}")

    public boolean delete(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){

        try{

            studentService.delete(id);

            return true;

        }catch(Exception e){

            return false;

        }

    }

    @RequestMapping("/ribbon")

    public String ribbon(){

        return "工号【"+port+"】正在为您服务";

    }

}

StudentConsumerController.java消费端

package com.jt.microservicestudentconsumer80.controller;

import com.jt.microservicecommon.entity.Student;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;

import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

import java.util.List;

@RestController

@RequestMapping("/student")

public class StudentConsumerController {

    private final static String SERVER_IP_PORT = "http://MICROSERVICE-STUDENT";

     @Autowired

     private RestTemplate restTemplate;

     @PostMapping(value="/save")

     private boolean save(Student student){

         return restTemplate.postForObject(SERVER_IP_PORT+"/student/save", student, Boolean.class);

     }

    @GetMapping(value="/list")

    public List<Student> list(){

        return restTemplate.getForObject(SERVER_IP_PORT+"/student/list", List.class);

    }

    @GetMapping(value="/get/{id}")

    public Student get(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){

        return restTemplate.getForObject(SERVER_IP_PORT+"/student/get/"+id, Student.class);

    }

    @GetMapping(value="/delete/{id}")

    public boolean delete(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){

        try{

            restTemplate.getForObject(SERVER_IP_PORT+"/student/delete/"+id, Boolean.class);

            return true;

        }catch(Exception e){

            return false;

        }

    }

    @RequestMapping("/ribbon")

    public String ribbon() {

        return restTemplate.getForObject(SERVER_IP_PORT + "/student/ribbon", String.class);

    }

}

如果是这样的一般没有问题

Feign简介及应用

简介

声明式服务调用Feign简单介绍下；

Feign是一个声明式的Web Service客户端，它使得编写Web Serivce客户端变得更加简单。我们只需要使用Feign来创建一个接口并用注解来配置它既可完成。它具备可插拔的注解支持，包括Feign注解和JAX-RS注解。Feign也支持可插拔的编码器和解码器。Spring Cloud为Feign增加了对Spring MVC注解的支持，还整合了Ribbon和Eureka来提供均衡负载的HTTP客户端实现。

这段话看起来比较懵逼，这里说下实际使用，前面Ribbon调用服务提供者，我们通过restTemplate调用，缺点是，多个地方调用，同一个请求要写多次，不方便统一维护，这时候Feign来了，就直接把请求统一搞一个service作为FeignClient，然后其他调用Controller需要用到的，直接注入service，直接调用service方法即可；同时Feign整合了Ribbon和Eureka，所以要配置负载均衡的话，直接配置Ribbon即可，无其他特殊地方；当然Fiegn也整合了服务容错保护，断路器Hystrix，后面再说。

应用

1、在common项目里建一个service（实际项目肯定是多个service）作为Feign客户端，用Feign客户端来调用服务器提供者，当然可以配置负载均衡；Feign客户端定义的目的，就是为了方便给其他项目调用；

修改 microservice-common

pom.xml引入Feign依赖：

<!--引入Feign依赖-->

<dependency>

    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>

    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-feign</artifactId>

</dependency>

我们定义了 FeignClient，同时指定了调用的服务名称MICROSERVICE-STUDENT

common项目修改后，maven clean下然后install下；

建StudentClientService接口；

package com.jt.microservicecommon.service;

import com.jt.microservicecommon.entity.Student;

import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.feign.FeignClient;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

import java.util.List;

/**

 * Student Feign接口客户端

 * @author Administrator

 *

 */

@FeignClient(value="MICROSERVICE-STUDENT")

public interface StudentClientService {

    /**

     * 根据id查询学生信息

     * @param id

     * @return

     */

    @GetMapping(value="/student/get/{id}")

    public Student get(@PathVariable("id") Integer id);

    /**

     * 查询学生信息

     * @return

     */

    @GetMapping(value="/student/list")

    public List<Student> list();

    /**

     * 添加或者修改学生信息

     * @param student

     * @return

     */

    @PostMapping(value="/student/save")

    public boolean save(Student student);

    /**

     * 根据id删除学生信息

     * @return

     */

    @GetMapping(value="/student/delete/{id}")

    public boolean delete(@PathVariable("id") Integer id);

    @RequestMapping("/student/ribbon")

    public String ribbon();

}

2、新建一个Feign消费者项目；

参考microservice-student-consumer-80建一个microservice-student-consumer-feign-80

代码都复制一份，包括pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">

    <modelVersion>4.0.</modelVersion>

    <parent>

        <groupId>com.jt</groupId>

        <artifactId>microservice</artifactId>

        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    </parent>

    <artifactId>microservice-student-consumer-feign-</artifactId>

    <properties>

        <java.version>1.8</java.version>

    </properties>

    <dependencies>

        <dependency>

            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>

            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>

        </dependency>

        <dependency>

            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>

            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>

            <scope>test</scope>

        </dependency>

        <dependency>

            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>

            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>

        </dependency>

        <dependency>

            <groupId>mysql</groupId>

            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>

        </dependency>

        <dependency>

            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>

            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>

        </dependency>

        <!--  修改后立即生效，热部署  -->

        <dependency>

            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>

            <artifactId>springloaded</artifactId>

        </dependency>

        <dependency>

            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>

            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>

        </dependency>

        <dependency>

            <groupId>com.jt</groupId>

            <artifactId>microservice-common</artifactId>

            <version>0.0.-SNAPSHOT</version>

            <scope>compile</scope>

        </dependency>

        <!--ribbon相关依赖-->

        <dependency>

            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>

            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>

        </dependency>

        <dependency>

            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>

            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-ribbon</artifactId>

        </dependency>

        <dependency>

            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>

            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId>

        </dependency>

        <!--引入Feign依赖-->

        <dependency>

            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>

            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-feign</artifactId>

        </dependency>

    </dependencies>

    <build>

        <plugins>

            <plugin>

                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>

                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>

            </plugin>

        </plugins>

    </build>

</project>

SpringCloudConfig.java

package com.jt.microservicestudentconsumerfeign80.config;

import com.netflix.loadbalancer.IRule;

import com.netflix.loadbalancer.RetryRule;

import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

@Configuration

public class SpringCloudConfig {

    @LoadBalanced  // 引入ribbon负载均衡

    @Bean

    public RestTemplate getRestTemplate(){

        return new RestTemplate();

    }

    /**

     * 自定义调用规则（服务提供者掉线后不再调用，解决轮询问题）

     * @return

     */

    @Bean

    public IRule myRule(){

        return new RetryRule();

//        return new RandomRule();

    }

}

Yml文件

server:

  port:

  context-path: /

eureka:

  client:

    service-url:

      defaultZone: http://eureka2001.jt.com:2001/eureka/,http://eureka2002.jt.com:2002/eureka/,http://eureka2003.jt.com:2003/eureka/

    register-with-eureka: false

package com.jt.microservicestudentconsumerfeign80;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;

import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceAutoConfiguration;

import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration;

import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;

import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.feign.EnableFeignClients;

@EnableEurekaClient

@EnableFeignClients(value = "com.jt.*.*")

@SpringBootApplication(exclude={DataSourceAutoConfiguration.class, HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration.class})

public class MicroserviceStudentConsumerFeign80Application {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        SpringApplication.run(MicroserviceStudentConsumerFeign80Application.class, args);

    }

}

package com.jt.microservicestudentconsumerfeign80.controller;

import com.jt.microservicecommon.entity.Student;

import com.jt.microservicecommon.service.StudentClientService;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;

import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

import java.util.List;

@RestController

@RequestMapping("/student")

public class StudentConsumerController {

    @Autowired

    private StudentClientService studentClientService;

    @Autowired

    private RestTemplate restTemplate;

    @PostMapping(value = "/save")

    private boolean save(Student student) {

        return studentClientService.save(student);

    }

    @GetMapping(value = "/list")

    public List<Student> list() {

        return studentClientService.list();

    }

    @GetMapping(value = "/get/{id}")

    public Student get(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) {

        return studentClientService.get(id);

    }

    @GetMapping(value = "/delete/{id}")

    public boolean delete(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) {

        try {

            studentClientService.delete(id);

            return true;

        } catch (Exception e) {

            return false;

        }

    }

    @RequestMapping("/ribbon")

    public String ribbon(){

        return studentClientService.ribbon();

    }

}

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Ribbon负载均衡及Feign消费者调用服务

Ribbon负载均衡

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