用C#实现的几种常用数据校验方法整理（CRC校验；LRC校验；BCC校验；累加和校验）

CRC即循环冗余校验码（Cyclic Redundancy Check）：是数据通信领域中最常用的一种查错校验码，其特征是信息字段和校验字段的长度可以任意选定。循环冗余检查（CRC）是一种数据传输检错功能，对数据进行多项式计算，并将得到的结果附在帧的后面，接收设备也执行类似的算法，以保证数据传输的正确性和完整性。
        /// CRC算法参数模型解释：
        /// NAME：参数模型名称。
        ///WIDTH：宽度，即CRC比特数。
        /// POLY：生成项的简写，以16进制表示。例如：CRC-32即是0x04C11DB7，忽略了最高位的"1"，即完整的生成项是0x104C11DB7。
        ///INIT：这是算法开始时寄存器（crc）的初始化预置值，十六进制表示。
        ///REFIN：待测数据的每个字节是否按位反转，True或False。
        /// REFOUT：在计算后之后，异或输出之前，整个数据是否按位反转，True或False。
        /// XOROUT：计算结果与此参数异或后得到最终的CRC值。

  /// **********************************************************************
         /// Name: CRC-4/ITU    x4+x+1
         /// Poly: 0x03
         /// Init: 0x00
         /// Refin: true
         /// Refout: true
         /// Xorout: 0x00
         ///*************************************************************************
         public static byte[] Crc1(byte[] buffer, int start = , int len = )
         {
             if (buffer == null || buffer.Length == ) return null;
             if (start < ) return null;
             if (len == ) len = buffer.Length - start;
             int length = start + len;
             if (length > buffer.Length) return null;
             byte crc = ;// Initial value
             for (int i = start; i < length; i++)
             {
                 crc ^= buffer[i];
                 for (int j = ; j < ; j++)
                 {
                     if ((crc & ) > )
                         crc = (byte)((crc >> ) ^ 0x0C);//0x0C = (reverse 0x03)>>(8-4)
                     else
                         crc = (byte)(crc >> );
                 }
             }
             return new byte[] { crc };
         }
     /// **********************************************************************
     /// Name: CRC-5/EPC    x5+x3+1
     /// Poly: 0x09
     /// Init: 0x09
     /// Refin: false
     /// Refout: false
     /// Xorout: 0x00
     ///*************************************************************************
         public static byte[] Crc2(byte[] buffer, int start = , int len = )
         {
             if (buffer == null || buffer.Length == ) return null;
             if (start < ) return null;
             if (len == ) len = buffer.Length - start;
             int length = start + len;
             if (length > buffer.Length) return null;
             byte crc = 0x48;// Initial value: 0x48 = 0x09<<(8-5)
             for (int i = start; i < length; i++)
             {
                 crc ^= buffer[i];
                 for (int j = ; j < ; j++)
                 {
                     if ((crc & 0x80) > )
                         crc = (byte)((crc << ) ^ 0x48);// 0x48 = 0x09<<(8-5)
                     else
                         crc = (byte)(crc << );
                 }
             }
             return new byte[] { (byte)(crc >> ) };
         }
     /// **********************************************************************
     /// Name: CRC-5/ITU    x5+x4+x2+1
     /// Poly: 0x15
     /// Init: 0x00
     /// Refin: true
     /// Refout: true
     /// Xorout: 0x00
     ///*************************************************************************
         public static byte[] Crc3(byte[] buffer, int start = , int len = )
         {
             if (buffer == null || buffer.Length == ) return null;
             if (start < ) return null;
             if (len == ) len = buffer.Length - start;
             int length = start + len;
             if (length > buffer.Length) return null;
             byte crc = ;// Initial value
             for (int i = start; i < length; i++)
             {
                 crc ^= buffer[i];
                 for (int j = ; j < ; j++)
                 {
                     if ((crc & ) > )
                         crc = (byte)((crc >> ) ^ 0x15);// 0x15 = (reverse 0x15)>>(8-5)
                     else
                         crc = (byte)(crc >> );
                 }
             }
             return new byte[] { crc  };
         }
     /// **********************************************************************
     /// Name: CRC-5/USB    x5+x2+1
     /// Poly: 0x05
     /// Init: 0x1F
     /// Refin: true
     /// Refout: true
     /// Xorout: 0x1F
     ///*************************************************************************
         public static byte[] Crc4(byte[] buffer, int start = , int len = )
         {
             if (buffer == null || buffer.Length == ) return null;
             if (start < ) return null;
             if (len == ) len = buffer.Length - start;
             int length = start + len;
             if (length > buffer.Length) return null;
             byte crc = 0x1F;// Initial value
             for (int i = start; i < length; i++)
             {
                 crc ^= buffer[i];
                 for (int j = ; j < ; j++)
                 {
                     if ((crc & ) > )
                         crc = (byte)((crc >> ) ^ 0x14);// 0x14 = (reverse 0x05)>>(8-5)
                     else
                         crc = (byte)(crc >> );
                 }
             }
             return new byte[] {(byte)( crc ^ 0x1F)  };
         }
     /// **********************************************************************
     /// Name: CRC-6/ITU    x6+x+1
     /// Poly: 0x03
     /// Init: 0x00
     /// Refin: true
     /// Refout: true
     /// Xorout: 0x00
     ///*************************************************************************
         public static byte[] Crc5(byte[] buffer, int start = , int len = )
         {
             if (buffer == null || buffer.Length == ) return null;
             if (start < ) return null;
             if (len == ) len = buffer.Length - start;
             int length = start + len;
             if (length > buffer.Length) return null;
             byte crc = ;// Initial value
             for (int i = start; i < length; i++)
             {
                 crc ^= buffer[i];
                 for (int j = ; j < ; j++)
                 {
                     if ((crc & ) > )
                         crc = (byte)((crc >> ) ^ 0x30);// 0x30 = (reverse 0x03)>>(8-6)
                     else
                         crc = (byte)(crc >> );
                 }
             }
             return new byte[] { crc  };
         }
     /// **********************************************************************
     /// Name: CRC-7/MMC    x7+x3+1
     /// Poly: 0x09
     /// Init: 0x00
     /// Refin: false
     /// Refout: false
     /// Xorout: 0x00
     ///*************************************************************************
         public static byte[] Crc6(byte[] buffer, int start = , int len = )
         {
             if (buffer == null || buffer.Length == ) return null;
             if (start < ) return null;
             if (len == ) len = buffer.Length - start;
             int length = start + len;
             if (length > buffer.Length) return null;
             byte crc = ;// Initial value
             for (int i = start; i < length; i++)
             {
                 crc ^= buffer[i];
                 for (int j = ; j < ; j++)
                 {
                     if ((crc & 0x80) > )
                         crc = (byte)((crc << ) ^ 0x12);// 0x12 = 0x09<<(8-7)
                     else
                         crc = (byte)(crc << );
                 }
             }
             return new byte[] { (byte)(crc >> )  };
         }
     /// **********************************************************************
     /// Name: CRC8    x8+x2+x+1
     /// Poly: 0x07
     /// Init: 0x00
     /// Refin: false
     /// Refout: false
     /// Xorout: 0x00
     ///*************************************************************************
         public static byte[] Crc7(byte[] buffer, int start = , int len = )
         {
             if (buffer == null || buffer.Length == ) return null;
             if (start < ) return null;
             if (len == ) len = buffer.Length - start;
             int length = start + len;
             if (length > buffer.Length) return null;
             byte crc = ;// Initial value
             for (int i = start; i < length; i++)
             {
                 crc ^= buffer[i];
                 for (int j = ; j < ; j++)
                 {
                     if ((crc & 0x80) > )
                         crc = (byte)((crc << ) ^ 0x07);
                     else
                         crc = (byte)(crc << );
                 }
             }
             return new byte[] { crc  };
         }
     /// **********************************************************************
     /// Name: CRC-8/ITU    x8+x2+x+1
     /// Poly: 0x07
     /// Init: 0x00
     /// Refin: false
     /// Refout: false
     /// Xorout: 0x55
     ///*************************************************************************
         public static byte[] Crc8(byte[] buffer, int start = , int len = )
         {
             if (buffer == null || buffer.Length == ) return null;
             if (start < ) return null;
             if (len == ) len = buffer.Length - start;
             int length = start + len;
             if (length > buffer.Length) return null;
             byte crc = ;// Initial value
             for (int i = start; i < length; i++)
             {
                 crc ^= buffer[i];
                 for (int j = ; j < ; j++)
                 {
                     if ((crc & 0x80) > )
                         crc = (byte)((crc << ) ^ 0x07);
                     else
                         crc = (byte)(crc << );
                 }
             }
             return new byte[] { (byte)(crc ^ 0x55)  };
         }
     /// **********************************************************************
     /// Name: CRC-8/MAXIM    x8+x5+x4+1
     /// Poly: 0x31
     /// Init: 0x00
     /// Refin: true
     /// Refout: true
     /// Xorout: 0x00
     ///*************************************************************************
         public static byte[] Crc9(byte[] buffer, int start = , int len = )
         {
             if (buffer == null || buffer.Length == ) return null;
             if (start < ) return null;
             if (len == ) len = buffer.Length - start;
             int length = start + len;
             if (length > buffer.Length) return null;
             byte crc = ;// Initial value
             for (int i = start; i < length; i++)
             {
                 crc ^= buffer[i];
                 for (int j = ; j < ; j++)
                 {
                     if ((crc & ) > )
                         crc = (byte)((crc >> ) ^ 0x8C);// 0x8C = reverse 0x31
                     else
                         crc = (byte)(crc >> );
                 }
             }
             return new byte[] { crc  };
         }
     /// **********************************************************************
     /// Name: CRC-8/ROHC    x8+x2+x+1
     /// Poly: 0x07
     /// Init: 0xFF
     /// Refin: true
     /// Refout: true
     /// Xorout: 0x00
     ///*************************************************************************
         public static byte[] Crc10(byte[] buffer, int start = , int len = )
         {
             if (buffer == null || buffer.Length == ) return null;
             if (start < ) return null;
             if (len == ) len = buffer.Length - start;
             int length = start + len;
             if (length > buffer.Length) return null;
             byte crc = 0xFF;// Initial value
             for (int i = start; i < length; i++)
             {
                 crc ^= buffer[i];
                 for (int j = ; j < ; j++)
                 {
                     if ((crc & ) > )
                         crc = (byte)((crc >> ) ^ 0xE0);// 0xE0 = reverse 0x07
                     else
                         crc = (byte)(crc >> );
                 }
             }
             return new byte[] { crc  };
         }
     /// Z1协议校验码计算
         static byte[] table = { 0x00, 0x1C, 0x38, 0x24, 0x70, 0x6C, 0x48, 0x54, 0xE0, 0xFC,
                                 0xD8, 0xC4, 0x90, 0x8C, 0xA8, 0xB4, 0xDC, 0xC0, 0xE4, 0xF8,
                                 0xAC, 0xB0, 0x94, 0x88, 0x3C, 0x20, 0x04, 0x18, 0x4C, 0x50,
                                 0x74, 0x68, 0xA4, 0xB8, 0x9C, 0x80, 0xD4, 0xC8, 0xEC, 0xF0,
                                 0x44, 0x58, 0x7C, 0x60, 0x34, 0x28, 0x0C, 0x10, 0x78, 0x64,
                                 0x40, 0x5C, 0x08, 0x14, 0x30, 0x2C, 0x98, 0x84, 0xA0, 0xBC,
                                 0xE8, 0xF4, 0xD0, 0xCC, 0x54, 0x48, 0x6C, 0x70, 0x24, 0x38,
                                 0x1C, 0x00, 0xB4, 0xA8, 0x8C, 0x90, 0xC4, 0xD8, 0xFC, 0xE0,
                                 0x88, 0x94, 0xB0, 0xAC, 0xF8, 0xE4, 0xC0, 0xDC, 0x68, 0x74,
                                 0x50, 0x4C, 0x18, 0x04, 0x20, 0x3C, 0xF0, 0xEC, 0xC8, 0xD4,
                                 0x80, 0x9C, 0xB8, 0xA4, 0x10, 0x0C, 0x28, 0x34, 0x60, 0x7C,
                                 0x58, 0x44, 0x2C, 0x30, 0x14, 0x08, 0x5C, 0x40, 0x64, 0x78,
                                 0xCC, 0xD0, 0xF4, 0xE8, 0xBC, 0xA0, 0x84, 0x98, 0xA8, 0xB4,
                                 0x90, 0x8C, 0xD8, 0xC4, 0xE0, 0xFC, 0x48, 0x54, 0x70, 0x6C,
                                 0x38, 0x24, 0x00, 0x1C, 0x74, 0x68, 0x4C, 0x50, 0x04, 0x18,
                                 0x3C, 0x20, 0x94, 0x88, 0xAC, 0xB0, 0xE4, 0xF8, 0xDC, 0xC0,
                                 0x0C, 0x10, 0x34, 0x28, 0x7C, 0x60, 0x44, 0x58, 0xEC, 0xF0,
                                 0xD4, 0xC8, 0x9C, 0x80, 0xA4, 0xB8, 0xD0, 0xCC, 0xE8, 0xF4,
                                 0xA0, 0xBC, 0x98, 0x84, 0x30, 0x2C, 0x08, 0x14, 0x40, 0x5C,
                                 0x78, 0x64, 0xFC, 0xE0, 0xC4, 0xD8, 0x8C, 0x90, 0xB4, 0xA8,
                                 0x1C, 0x00, 0x24, 0x38, 0x6C, 0x70, 0x54, 0x48, 0x20, 0x3C,
                                 0x18, 0x04, 0x50, 0x4C, 0x68, 0x74, 0xC0, 0xDC, 0xF8, 0xE4,
                                 0xB0, 0xAC, 0x88, 0x94, 0x58, 0x44, 0x60, 0x7C, 0x28, 0x34,
                                 0x10, 0x0C, 0xB8, 0xA4, 0x80, 0x9C, 0xC8, 0xD4, 0xF0, 0xEC,
                                 0x84, 0x98, 0xBC, 0xA0, 0xF4, 0xE8, 0xCC, 0xD0, 0x64, 0x78,
                                 0x5C, 0x40, 0x14, 0x08, 0x2C, 0x30
                               };
         public static byte[] Crc11(byte[] buffer, int start = , int len = )
         {
             if (buffer == null || buffer.Length == ) return null;
             if (start < ) return null;
             if (len == ) len = buffer.Length - start;
             int length = start + len;
             if (length > buffer.Length) return null;
             int i;
             byte crc = 0x00;
             int tableIndex;
             for (i = start; i < length; i++)
             {
                 tableIndex = crc ^ (buffer[i] & 0xFF);
                 crc = table[tableIndex];
             }
             return new byte[] { crc };
         }
     /// **********************************************************************
     /// Name: CRC-12    x16+x12+x5+1
     /// Poly: 0x80
     /// Init: 0x0000
     /// Refin: true
     /// Refout: true
     /// Xorout: 0x0000
     ///*************************************************************************
         public static byte[] Crc12(byte[] buffer, int start = , int len = )
         {
             if (buffer == null || buffer.Length == ) return null;
             if (start < ) return null;
             if (len == ) len = buffer.Length - start;
             int length = start + len;
             if (length > buffer.Length) return null;
             ushort crc = ;// Initial value
             short iQ = , iR = ;
             for (int i = start; i < length; i++)
             {
                 // 多项式除法
                 // 如果该位为1
                 if ((buffer[i] & (0x80 >> iR)) > )
                 {
                     // 则在余数尾部添1否则添0
                     crc |= 0x01;
                 }
                 // 如果12位除数中的最高位为1，则够除
                 if (crc >= 0x1000)
                 {
                     crc ^= 0x180D;
                 }
                 crc <<= ;
                 iR++;
                 if ( == iR)
                 {
                     iR = ;
                     iQ++;
                 }
             }
             // 对后面添加的12个0做处理
             for (int i = ; i < ; i++)
             {
                 if (crc >= 0x1000)
                 {
                     crc ^= 0x180D;
                 }
                 crc <<= ;
             }
             crc >>= ;
             byte[] ret = BitConverter.GetBytes(crc);
             Array.Reverse(ret);
             return ret;
         }
     /// **********************************************************************
     /// Name: CRC-16/CCITT    x16+x12+x5+1
     /// Poly: 0x1021
     /// Init: 0x0000
     /// Refin: true
     /// Refout: true
     /// Xorout: 0x0000
     ///*************************************************************************
         public static byte[] Crc13(byte[] buffer, int start = , int len = )
         {
             if (buffer == null || buffer.Length == ) return null;
             if (start < ) return null;
             if (len == ) len = buffer.Length - start;
             int length = start + len;
             if (length > buffer.Length) return null;
             ushort crc = ;// Initial value
             for (int i = start; i < length; i++)
             {
                 crc ^= buffer[i];
                 for (int j = ; j < ; j++)
                 {
                     if ((crc & ) > )
                         crc = (ushort)((crc >> ) ^ 0x8408);// 0x8408 = reverse 0x1021
                     else
                         crc = (ushort)(crc >> );
                 }
             }
             byte[] ret = BitConverter.GetBytes(crc);
             Array.Reverse(ret);
             return ret;
         }
     /// **********************************************************************
     /// Name: CRC-16/CCITT FALSE    x16+x12+x5+1
     /// Poly: 0x1021
     /// Init: 0xFFFF
     /// Refin: false
     /// Refout: false
     /// Xorout: 0x0000
     ///*************************************************************************
         public static byte[] Crc14(byte[] buffer, int start = , int len = )
         {
             if (buffer == null || buffer.Length == ) return null;
             if (start < ) return null;
             if (len == ) len = buffer.Length - start;
             int length = start + len;
             if (length > buffer.Length) return null;
             ushort crc = 0xFFFF;// Initial value
             for (int i = start; i < length; i++)
             {
                 crc ^= (ushort)(buffer[i] << );
                 for (int j = ; j < ; j++)
                 {
                     if ((crc & 0x8000) > )
                         crc = (ushort)((crc << ) ^ 0x1021);
                     else
                         crc = (ushort)(crc << );
                 }
             }
             byte[] ret = BitConverter.GetBytes(crc);
             Array.Reverse(ret);
             return ret;
         }
     /// **********************************************************************
     /// Name: CRC-16/DNP    x16+x13+x12+x11+x10+x8+x6+x5+x2+1
     /// Poly: 0x3D65
     /// Init: 0x0000
     /// Refin: true
     /// Refout: true
     /// Xorout: 0xFFFF
     ///*************************************************************************
         public static byte[] Crc15(byte[] buffer, int start = , int len = )
         {
             if (buffer == null || buffer.Length == ) return null;
             if (start < ) return null;
             if (len == ) len = buffer.Length - start;
             int length = start + len;
             if (length > buffer.Length) return null;
             ushort crc = ;// Initial value
             for (int i = start; i < length; i++)
             {
                 crc ^= buffer[i];
                 for (int j = ; j < ; j++)
                 {
                     if ((crc & ) > )
                         crc = (ushort)((crc >> ) ^ 0xA6BC);// 0xA6BC = reverse 0x3D65
                     else
                         crc = (ushort)(crc >> );
                 }
             }
             byte[] ret = BitConverter.GetBytes((ushort)~crc);
             Array.Reverse(ret);
             return ret;
         }
     /// **********************************************************************
     /// Name: CRC-16/IBM    x16+x15+x2+1
     /// Poly: 0x8005
     /// Init: 0x0000
     /// Refin: true
     /// Refout: true
     /// Xorout: 0x0000
     ///*************************************************************************
         public static byte[] Crc16(byte[] buffer, int start = , int len = )
         {
             if (buffer == null || buffer.Length == ) return null;
             if (start < ) return null;
             if (len == ) len = buffer.Length - start;
             int length = start + len;
             if (length > buffer.Length) return null;
             ushort crc = ;// Initial value
             for (int i = start; i < length; i++)
             {
                 crc ^= buffer[i];
                 for (int j = ; j < ; j++)
                 {
                     if ((crc & ) > )
                         crc = (ushort)((crc >> ) ^ 0xA001);// 0xA001 = reverse 0x8005
                     else
                         crc = (ushort)(crc >> );
                 }
             }
             byte[] ret = BitConverter.GetBytes(crc);
             Array.Reverse(ret);
             return ret;
         }
     /// **********************************************************************
     /// Name: CRC-16/MAXIM    x16+x15+x2+1
     /// Poly: 0x8005
     /// Init: 0x0000
     /// Refin: true
     /// Refout: true
     /// Xorout: 0xFFFF
     ///*************************************************************************
         public static byte[] Crc17(byte[] buffer, int start = , int len = )
         {
             if (buffer == null || buffer.Length == ) return null;
             if (start < ) return null;
             if (len == ) len = buffer.Length - start;
             int length = start + len;
             if (length > buffer.Length) return null;
             ushort crc = ;// Initial value
             for (int i = start; i < length; i++)
             {
                 crc ^= buffer[i];
                 for (int j = ; j < ; j++)
                 {
                     if ((crc & ) > )
                         crc = (ushort)((crc >> ) ^ 0xA001);// 0xA001 = reverse 0x8005
                     else
                         crc = (ushort)(crc >> );
                 }
             }
             byte[] ret = BitConverter.GetBytes((ushort)~crc);
             Array.Reverse(ret);
             return ret;
         }
     /// **********************************************************************
     /// Name: CRC-16/MODBUS    x16+x15+x2+1
     /// Poly: 0x8005
     /// Init: 0xFFFF
     /// Refin: true
     /// Refout: true
     /// Xorout: 0x0000
     ///*************************************************************************
         public static byte[] Crc18(byte[] buffer, int start = , int len = )
         {
             if (buffer == null || buffer.Length == ) return null;
             if (start < ) return null;
             if (len == ) len = buffer.Length - start;
             int length = start + len;
             if (length > buffer.Length) return null;
             ushort crc = 0xFFFF;// Initial value
             for (int i = start; i < length; i++)
             {
                 crc ^= buffer[i];
                 for (int j = ; j < ; j++)
                 {
                     if ((crc & ) > )
                         crc = (ushort)((crc >> ) ^ 0xA001);// 0xA001 = reverse 0x8005
                     else
                         crc = (ushort)(crc >> );
                 }
             }
             byte[] ret = BitConverter.GetBytes(crc);
             Array.Reverse(ret);
             return ret;
         }
     /// **********************************************************************
     /// Name: CRC-16/USB    x16+x15+x2+1
     /// Poly: 0x8005
     /// Init: 0xFFFF
     /// Refin: true
     /// Refout: true
     /// Xorout: 0xFFFF
     ///*************************************************************************
         public static byte[] Crc19(byte[] buffer, int start = , int len = )
         {
             if (buffer == null || buffer.Length == ) return null;
             if (start < ) return null;
             if (len == ) len = buffer.Length - start;
             int length = start + len;
             if (length > buffer.Length) return null;
             ushort crc = 0xFFFF;// Initial value
             for (int i = start; i < length; i++)
             {
                 crc ^= buffer[i];
                 for (int j = ; j < ; j++)
                 {
                     if ((crc & ) > )
                         crc = (ushort)((crc >> ) ^ 0xA001);// 0xA001 = reverse 0x8005
                     else
                         crc = (ushort)(crc >> );
                 }
             }
             byte[] ret = BitConverter.GetBytes((ushort)~crc);
             Array.Reverse(ret);
             return ret;
         }
     /// **********************************************************************
     /// Name: CRC-16/X25    x16+x12+x5+1
     /// Poly: 0x1021
     /// Init: 0xFFFF
     /// Refin: true
     /// Refout: true
     /// Xorout: 0xFFFF
     ///*************************************************************************
         public static byte[] Crc20(byte[] buffer, int start = , int len = )
         {
             if (buffer == null || buffer.Length == ) return null;
             if (start < ) return null;
             if (len == ) len = buffer.Length - start;
             int length = start + len;
             if (length > buffer.Length) return null;
             ushort crc = 0xFFFF;// Initial value
             for (int i = start; i < length; i++)
             {
                 crc ^= buffer[i];
                 for (int j = ; j < ; j++)
                 {
                     if ((crc & ) > )
                         crc = (ushort)((crc >> ) ^ 0x8408);// 0x8408 = reverse 0x1021
                     else
                         crc = (ushort)(crc >> );
                 }
             }
             byte[] ret = BitConverter.GetBytes((ushort)~crc);
             Array.Reverse(ret);
             return ret;
         }
     /// **********************************************************************
     /// Name: CRC-16/XMODEM    x16+x12+x5+1
     /// Poly: 0x1021
     /// Init: 0x0000
     /// Refin: false
     /// Refout: false
     /// Xorout: 0x0000
     ///*************************************************************************
         public static byte[] Crc21(byte[] buffer, int start = , int len = )
         {
             if (buffer == null || buffer.Length == ) return null;
             if (start < ) return null;
             if (len == ) len = buffer.Length - start;
             int length = start + len;
             if (length > buffer.Length) return null;
             ushort crc = ;// Initial value
             for (int i = start; i < length; i++)
             {
                 crc ^= (ushort)(buffer[i] << );
                 for (int j = ; j < ; j++)
                 {
                     if ((crc & 0x8000) > )
                         crc = (ushort)((crc << ) ^ 0x1021);
                     else
                         crc = (ushort)(crc << );
                 }
             }
             byte[] ret = BitConverter.GetBytes(crc);
             Array.Reverse(ret);
             return ret;
         }
     /// **********************************************************************
     /// Name: CRC32    x32+x26+x23+x22+x16+x12+x11+x10+x8+x7+x5+x4+x2+x+1
     /// Poly: 0x04C11DB7
     /// Init: 0xFFFFFFFF
     /// Refin: true
     /// Refout: true
     /// Xorout: 0xFFFFFFFF
     ///*************************************************************************
         public static byte[] Crc22(byte[] buffer, int start = , int len = )
         {
             if (buffer == null || buffer.Length == ) return null;
             if (start < ) return null;
             if (len == ) len = buffer.Length - start;
             int length = start + len;
             if (length > buffer.Length) return null;
             uint crc = 0xFFFFFFFF;// Initial value
             for (int i = start; i < length; i++)
             {
                 crc ^= buffer[i];
                 for (int j = ; j < ; j++)
                 {
                     if ((crc & ) > )
                         crc = (crc >> ) ^ 0xEDB88320;// 0xEDB88320= reverse 0x04C11DB7
                     else
                         crc = crc >> ;
                 }
             }
             byte[] ret = BitConverter.GetBytes(~crc);
             Array.Reverse(ret);
             return ret;
         }
     /// **********************************************************************
     /// Name: CRC32/MPEG-2    x32+x26+x23+x22+x16+x12+x11+x10+x8+x7+x5+x4+x2+x+1
     /// Poly: 0x04C11DB7
     /// Init: 0xFFFFFFFF
     /// Refin: false
     /// Refout: false
     /// Xorout: 0x00000000
     ///*************************************************************************
         public static byte[] Crc23(byte[] buffer, int start = , int len = )
         {
             if (buffer == null || buffer.Length == ) return null;
             if (start < ) return null;
             if (len == ) len = buffer.Length - start;
             int length = start + len;
             if (length > buffer.Length) return null;
             uint crc = 0xFFFFFFFF;// Initial value
             for (int i = start; i < length; i++)
             {
                 crc ^= (uint)(buffer[i] << );
                 for (int j = ; j < ; j++)
                 {
                     if ((crc & 0x80000000) > )
                         crc = (crc << ) ^ 0x04C11DB7;
                     else
                         crc = crc << ;
                 }
             }
             byte[] ret = BitConverter.GetBytes(crc);
             Array.Reverse(ret);
             return ret;
         }

纵向冗余校验（Longitudinal Redundancy Check，简称：LRC）是通信中常用的一种校验形式，也称LRC校验或纵向校验。它是一种从纵向通道上的特定比特串产生校验比特的错误检测方法。在行列格式中（如磁带），LRC经常是与VRC一起使用，这样就会为每个字符校验码。在工业领域Modbus协议Ascii模式采用该算法。 LRC计算校验码,具体算法如下：
        /// 1、对需要校验的数据（2n个字符）两两组成一个16进制的数值求和。
        /// 2、将求和结果与256求模。
        /// 3、用256减去所得模值得到校验结果（另一种方法：将模值按位取反然后加1）。

 public static byte[] Lrc(byte[] buffer, int start = , int len = )
         {
             if (buffer == null || buffer.Length == ) return null;
             if (start < ) return null;
             if (len == ) len = buffer.Length - start;
             int length = start + len;
             if (length > buffer.Length) return null;
             byte lrc = ;// Initial value
             for (int i = start; i < len; i++)
             {
                 lrc += buffer[i];
             }
             lrc = (byte)((lrc ^ 0xFF) + );
             return new byte[] { lrc };
         }

BCC(Block Check Character/信息组校验码)，因校验码是将所有数据异或得出，故俗称异或校验。具体算法是：将每一个字节的数据（一般是两个16进制的字符）进行异或后即得到校验码。

public static byte[] Bcc(byte[] buffer, int start = , int len = )
        {
            if (buffer == null || buffer.Length == ) return null;
            if (start < ) return null;
            if (len == ) len = buffer.Length - start;
            int length = start + len;
            if (length > buffer.Length) return null;
            byte bcc = ;// Initial value
            for (int i = start; i < len; i++)
            {
                bcc ^= buffer[i];
            }
            return new byte[] { bcc };
        }

检验和(checksum)，在数据处理和数据通信领域中，用于校验目的地一组数据项的和。它通常是以十六进制为数制表示的形式。如果校验和的数值超过十六进制的FF,也就是255. 就要求其补码作为校验和。通常用来在通信中，尤其是远距离通信中保证数据的完整性和准确性。

  public static byte[] allAdd(byte[] buffer, int start = , int len = )
         {
             if (buffer == null || buffer.Length == ) return null;
             if (start < ) return null;
             if (len == ) len = buffer.Length - start;
             int length = start + len;
             if (length > buffer.Length) return null;
             byte bcc = ;// Initial value
             for (int i = start; i < len; i++)
             {
                 bcc ^= buffer[i];
             }
             return new byte[] { bcc };
         }

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用C#实现的几种常用数据校验方法整理（CRC校验；LRC校验；BCC校验；累加和校验）

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