shell学习（2）- sed

一、替换（s）

详细用法  [address]s/pattern/replacement/flags

修饰flag的标志如下：

命令	说明
n	1到512之间的一个数字，表示文本模式中指定模式第n次出现的情况进行替换
g	对模式空间的所有出现的情况进行全局更改，没有g通常只有第一次出现的情况被取代
p	打印模式空间的内容
w file	将模式空间的内容写到文件file中
x	表示互换模板块中的文本和缓冲区中的文本
y	表示把一个字符翻译为另外的字符（但是不用于正则表达式）
&	已匹配字符串标记

 

 

 准备测试文件:

[kumufengchun@localhost ~]$ cat replace.txt
my name is Lily
This is your dog
my dog's name is frank
This is your fish
my fish's name is george
This is your goat
my goat's name is adam

替换文本中的字符串

[kumufengchun@localhost ~]$ sed 's/This/That/' replace.txt
my name is Lily
That is your dog
my dog's name is frank
That is your fish
my fish's name is george
That is your goat
my goat's name is adam

上述命令只是替换每行的第一个，如果替换所有的需要 用  sed 's/This/That/g' replace.txt

打印替换行

[kumufengchun@localhost ~]$ sed 's/This/That/p' replace.txt
my name is Lily
That is your dog
That is your dog
my dog's name is frank
That is your fish
That is your fish
my fish's name is george
That is your goat
That is your goat
my goat's name is adam

 

-n选项和p命令一起使用表示只打印那些发生替换的行

[kumufengchun@localhost ~]$ sed -n 's/This/That/p' replace.txt
That is your dog
That is your fish
That is your goat

直接编辑文件选项-i，会匹配文件中每一行的第一个This替换为That,即在原文件中修改

[kumufengchun@localhost ~]$ sed -i 's/This/That/' replace.txt
[kumufengchun@localhost ~]$ cat replace.txt
my name is Lily
That is your dog
my dog's name is frank
That is your fish
my fish's name is george
That is your goat
my goat's name is adam

当需要从第N处匹配开始替换时，可以使用/Ng:

修改下文件如下：

[kumufengchun@localhost ~]$ cat replace.txt
my name is Lily
that is your that dog
my dog's name is frank
that is your that fish
my fish's name is george
that is your that goat
my goat's name is adam

[kumufengchun@localhost ~]$ sed 's/that/this/2g' replace.txt
my name is Lily
that is your this dog
my dog's name is frank
that is your this fish
my fish's name is george
that is your this goat
my goat's name is adam

定界符出现在样式内部时，需要进行转义

[kumufengchun@localhost ~]$ echo '/usr/local/bin' | sed 's/\/usr\/local\/bin/\/USR\/LOCAL\/BIN/g'
/USR/LOCAL/BIN

命令中的三根斜线分隔符可以换成别的符号,有时候替换目录字符串的时候有较多斜线，这个时候换成其它的分割符是较为方便,只需要紧跟s定义即可

[kumufengchun@localhost ~]$ sed 's?that?this?2g' replace.txt
my name is Lily
that is your this dog
my dog's name is frank
that is your this fish
my fish's name is george
that is your this goat
my goat's name is adam
[kumufengchun@localhost ~]$ sed 's|that|this|2g' replace.txt
my name is Lily
that is your this dog
my dog's name is frank
that is your this fish
my fish's name is george
that is your this goat
my goat's name is adam

”^”表示行首

”$”符号如果在引号中表示行尾，但是在引号外却表示末行(最后一行)

# 注意这里的 " & " 符号，如果没有 “&”，就会直接将匹配到的字符串替换掉

sed 's/^/添加的头部&/g' 　　　　 #在所有行首添加

sed 's/$/&添加的尾部/g' 　　　　 #在所有行末添加

sed '2s/原字符串/替换字符串/g'　 #替换第2行

sed '$s/原字符串/替换字符串/g'   #替换最后一行

sed '2,5s/原字符串/替换字符串/g' #替换2到5行

sed '2,$s/原字符串/替换字符串/g' #替换2到最后一行

[kumufengchun@localhost ~]$ sed 's/^/添加的头部&/g' replace.txt
添加的头部my name is Lily
添加的头部that is your that dog
添加的头部my dog's name is frank
添加的头部that is your that fish
添加的头部my fish's name is george
添加的头部that is your that goat
添加的头部my goat's name is adam

[kumufengchun@localhost ~]$ sed 's/$/&添加的尾部/g' replace.txt
my name is Lily添加的尾部
that is your that dog添加的尾部
my dog's name is frank添加的尾部
that is your that fish添加的尾部
my fish's name is george添加的尾部
that is your that goat添加的尾部
my goat's name is adam添加的尾部

[kumufengchun@localhost ~]$ sed '2s/that/jiao/g' replace.txt
my name is Lily
jiao is your jiao dog
my dog's name is frank
that is your that fish
my fish's name is george
that is your that goat
my goat's name is adam

[kumufengchun@localhost ~]$ sed '$s/my/your/g' replace.txt
my name is Lily
that is your that dog
my dog's name is frank
that is your that fish
my fish's name is george
that is your that goat
your goat's name is adam

[kumufengchun@localhost ~]$ sed '2,5s/my/your/g' replace.txt
my name is Lily
that is your that dog
your dog's name is frank
that is your that fish
your fish's name is george
that is your that goat
my goat's name is adam

[kumufengchun@localhost ~]$ sed '2,$s/my/your/g' replace.txt
my name is Lily
that is your that dog
your dog's name is frank
that is your that fish
your fish's name is george
that is your that goat
your goat's name is adam

同时执行两个替换规则，sed 's/^/添加的头部&/g；s/$/&添加的尾部/g'

[kumufengchun@localhost ~]$ sed 's/^/添加的头部&/g;s/$/&添加的尾部/g' replace.txt
添加的头部my name is Lily添加的尾部
添加的头部that is your that dog添加的尾部
添加的头部my dog's name is frank添加的尾部
添加的头部that is your that fish添加的尾部
添加的头部my fish's name is george添加的尾部
添加的头部that is your that goat添加的尾部
添加的头部my goat's name is adam添加的尾部

 二、删除（d）

 删除空白行

[kumufengchun@localhost ~]$ cat sed.txt
my cat's name is betty

This is your This dog
my dog's name is This frank

This is your fish
my fish's name is This george
This is your goat
my goat's name is This adam

[kumufengchun@localhost ~]$ sed '/^$/d' sed.txt
my cat's name is betty
This is your This dog
my dog's name is This frank
This is your fish
my fish's name is This george
This is your goat
my goat's name is This adam

删除第2行

[kumufengchun@localhost ~]$ sed '2d' sed.txt
my cat's name is betty
This is your This dog
my dog's name is This frank

This is your fish
my fish's name is This george
This is your goat
my goat's name is This adam

删除文件的第2行到末尾所有行

[kumufengchun@localhost ~]$ sed '2,$d' sed.txt
my cat's name is betty

删除文件最后一行

[kumufengchun@localhost ~]$ sed '$d' sed.txt
my cat's name is betty

This is your This dog
my dog's name is This frank

This is your fish
my fish's name is This george
This is your goat

删除文件中所有以my开头的行

[kumufengchun@localhost ~]$ sed '/^my/d' sed.txt

This is your This dog

This is your fish
This is your goat

-e选项允许在同一行里执行多条命令

[kumufengchun@localhost ~]$ sed -e '1,5d' -e 's/my/MY/' sed.txt
This is your fish
MY fish's name is This george
This is your goat
MY goat's name is This adam

删除不连续的行   ##注意这里不能添加引号或者双引号，否则报错

[kumufengchun@localhost ~]$ sed -e{,}d sed.txt
my cat's name is betty
This is your This dog

This is your fish
my fish's name is This george
This is your goat
my goat's name is This adam

 三、列表（l）

 列表命令（l）可用于显示模式空间的内容，将非打印的字符显示为两个数字的ASCII码。可以使用该命令来检测输入中的不可见字符

[kumufengchun@localhost ~]$vim list.txt
19楼浙江家博会^I^A19lou.com^A^A^A$
19楼 装修^I^A19lou.com^A^A^A$
杭州19楼家博会^I^A19lou.com^A^A^A$
杭州19楼家博会下一季时间^I^A19lou.com^A^A^A$
杭州19楼装修^I^A19lou.com^A^A^A$
杭州19楼装饰^I^A19lou.com^A^A^A$
杭州装修19楼^I^A19lou.com^A^A^A$

[kumufengchun@localhost ~]$sed "l" list.txt

19楼浙江家博会    19lou.com

19\346\245\274 \350\243\205\344\277\256\t\00119lou.com\001\001\001$

19楼 装修    19lou.com

\346\235\255\345\267\23619\346\245\274\345\256\266\345\215\232\344\

\274\232\t\00119lou.com\001\001\001$

杭州19楼家博会    19lou.com

\346\235\255\345\267\23619\346\245\274\345\256\266\345\215\232\344\

\274\232\344\270\213\344\270\200\345\255\243\346\227\266\351\227\264\

\t\00119lou.com\001\001\001$

杭州19楼家博会下一季时间    19lou.com

\346\235\255\345\267\23619\346\245\274\350\243\205\344\277\256\t\0011\

9lou.com\001\001\001$

杭州19楼装修    19lou.com

\346\235\255\345\267\23619\346\245\274\350\243\205\351\245\260\t\0011\

9lou.com\001\001\001$

四、追加（a）

[line-address]a\text file.txt

追加到以my开头的行后面

[kumufengchun@localhost ~]$ cat sed.txt
my cat's name is betty

This is your This dog
my dog's name is This frank

This is your fish
my fish's name is This george
This is your goat
my goat's name is This adam
[kumufengchun@localhost ~]$ sed '/^my/a\what is it' sed.txt
my cat's name is betty
what is it

This is your This dog
my dog's name is This frank
what is it

This is your fish
my fish's name is This george
what is it
This is your goat
my goat's name is This adam
what is it

在sed.txt文件第2行之后插入what is it

[kumufengchun@localhost ~]$ sed '2a\what is it' sed.txt
my cat's name is betty

what is it
This is your This dog
my dog's name is This frank

This is your fish
my fish's name is This george
This is your goat
my goat's name is This adam

五、插入（i）

 line-address]i\text file.txt

[kumufengchun@localhost ~]$ sed '/^my/i\what is it' sed.txt
what is it
my cat's name is betty

This is your This dog
what is it
my dog's name is This frank

This is your fish
what is it
my fish's name is This george
This is your goat
what is it
my goat's name is This adam

六、更改（c）

 [line-address]c\text file.txt

[kumufengchun@localhost ~]$ sed '/^my/c\what is it' sed.txt
what is it

This is your This dog
what is it

This is your fish
what is it
This is your goat
what is it

七、变形（y）

[kumufengchun@localhost ~]$ sed 'y/my/MY/' sed.txt
MY cat's naMe is bettY

This is Your This dog
MY dog's naMe is This frank

This is Your fish
MY fish's naMe is This george
This is Your goat
MY goat's naMe is This adaM

八、奇数行

[kumufengchun@localhost ~]$ sed -n 'p;n' sed.txt
my cat's name is betty
This is your This dog

my fish's name is This george
my goat's name is This adam

九、偶数行

[kumufengchun@localhost ~]$ sed -n 'n;p' sed.txt

my dog's name is This frank
This is your fish
This is your goat

 十、从文件读入 （r）

 

file里的内容被读进来，显示在与test匹配的行后面，如果匹配多行，则file的内容将显示在所有匹配行的下面

[kumufengchun@localhost ~]$ cat kumu.txt
mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm
[kumufengchun@localhost ~]$ sed '/my/r kumu.txt' sed.txt
my cat's name is betty
mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm

This is your This dog
my dog's name is This frank
mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm

This is your fish
my fish's name is This george
mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm
This is your goat
my goat's name is This adam
mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm

十一、写入文件命令（w）

[kumufengchun@localhost ~]$ sed '/my/w kumu.txt' sed.txt
my cat's name is betty

This is your This dog
my dog's name is This frank

This is your fish
my fish's name is This george
This is your goat
my goat's name is This adam
[kumufengchun@localhost ~]$ cat kumu.txt
my cat's name is betty
my dog's name is This frank
my fish's name is This george
my goat's name is This adam

十二、命令写入文件 （f）

[kumufengchun@localhost ~]$ cat kumu.txt
s/betty/kumufengchun/g
s/adam/jiaojiao/g

[kumufengchun@localhost ~]$ cat sed.txt | sed -f kumu.txt
my cat's name is kumufengchun

This is your This dog
my dog's name is This frank

This is your fish
my fish's name is This george
This is your goat
my goat's name is This jiaojiao

-e:执行命令行中的指令，例如：sed -e 'command' file(s)

 

-f:执行一个sed脚本文件中的指令，例如： sed -f  scriptfile file(s)

 

-i:与-e的区别在于：当使用-e时，sed执行指令并不会修改原输入文件的内容，只会显示在bash中，而使用-i选项时，sed执行的指令会直接修改原输入文件。

 

-n:读取下一行到pattern space。

 

 

参考文档：

https://www.cnblogs.com/linux-wangkun/p/5745584.html

https://www.cnblogs.com/maxincai/p/5146338.html

https://max.book118.com/html/2016/0225/35891949.shtm

https://www.cnblogs.com/superlinux/p/0d8983d3cbf309a1ef7fb14ebbee9ec8.html