Java -- POI -- 入门使用以及简单介绍
1.创建工作簿 (WORKBOOK)
- HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();
- FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream("workbook.xls");
- wb.write(fileOut);
- fileOut.close();
2.创建工作表(SHEET)
- HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();
- HSSFSheet sheet1 = wb.createSheet("new sheet");
- HSSFSheet sheet2 = wb.createSheet("second sheet");
- FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream("workbook.xls");
- wb.write(fileOut);
- fileOut.close();
3.创建单元格(CELL)
- HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();
- HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("new sheet");
- // Create a row and put some cells in it. Rows are 0 based.
- HSSFRow row = sheet.createRow((short)0);
- // Create a cell and put a value in it.
- HSSFCell cell = row.createCell((short)0);
- cell.setCellValue(1);
- // Or do it on one line.
- row.createCell((short)1).setCellValue(1.2);
- row.createCell((short)2).setCellValue("This is a string");
- row.createCell((short)3).setCellValue(true);
- // Write the output to a file
- FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream("workbook.xls");
- wb.write(fileOut);
- fileOut.close();
4.创建指定单元格式的单元格
- HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();
- HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("new sheet");
- // Create a row and put some cells in it. Rows are 0 based.
- HSSFRow row = sheet.createRow((short)0);
- // Create a cell and put a date value in it. The first cell is not styled
- // as a date.
- HSSFCell cell = row.createCell((short)0);
- cell.setCellValue(new Date());
- // we style the second cell as a date (and time). It is important to
- // create a new cell style from the workbook otherwise you can end up
- // modifying the built in style and effecting not only this cell but other cells.
- HSSFCellStyle cellStyle = wb.createCellStyle();
- cellStyle.setDataFormat(HSSFDataFormat.getBuiltinFormat("m/d/yy h:mm"));
- cell = row.createCell((short)1);
- cell.setCellValue(new Date());
- cell.setCellStyle(cellStyle);
- // Write the output to a file
- FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream("workbook.xls");
- wb.write(fileOut);
- fileOut.close();
5. 单元格的不同格式
- HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();
- HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("new sheet");
- HSSFRow row = sheet.createRow((short)2);
- row.createCell((short) 0).setCellValue(1.1);
- row.createCell((short) 1).setCellValue(new Date());
- row.createCell((short) 2).setCellValue("a string");
- row.createCell((short) 3).setCellValue(true);
- row.createCell((short) 4).setCellType(HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_ERROR);
- // Write the output to a file
- FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream("workbook.xls");
- wb.write(fileOut);
- fileOut.close();
6.单元格的不通对齐方式
- public static void main(String[] args)
- throws IOException
- {
- HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();
- HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("new sheet");
- HSSFRow row = sheet.createRow((short) 2);
- createCell(wb, row, (short) 0, HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER);
- createCell(wb, row, (short) 1, HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER_SELECTION);
- createCell(wb, row, (short) 2, HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_FILL);
- createCell(wb, row, (short) 3, HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_GENERAL);
- createCell(wb, row, (short) 4, HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_JUSTIFY);
- createCell(wb, row, (short) 5, HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_LEFT);
- createCell(wb, row, (short) 6, HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_RIGHT);
- // Write the output to a file
- FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream("workbook.xls");
- wb.write(fileOut);
- fileOut.close();
- }
- /**
- * Creates a cell and aligns it a certain way.
- *
- * @param wb the workbook
- * @param row the row to create the cell in
- * @param column the column number to create the cell in
- * @param align the alignment for the cell.
- */
- private static void createCell(HSSFWorkbook wb, HSSFRow row, short column, short align)
- {
- HSSFCell cell = row.createCell(column);
- cell.setCellValue("Align It");
- HSSFCellStyle cellStyle = wb.createCellStyle();
- cellStyle.setAlignment(align);
- cell.setCellStyle(cellStyle);
- }
7.单元格的边框设置
- HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();
- HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("new sheet");
- // Create a row and put some cells in it. Rows are 0 based.
- HSSFRow row = sheet.createRow((short) 1);
- // Create a cell and put a value in it.
- HSSFCell cell = row.createCell((short) 1);
- cell.setCellValue(4);
- // Style the cell with borders all around.
- HSSFCellStyle style = wb.createCellStyle();
- style.setBorderBottom(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
- style.setBottomBorderColor(HSSFColor.BLACK.index);
- style.setBorderLeft(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
- style.setLeftBorderColor(HSSFColor.GREEN.index);
- style.setBorderRight(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
- style.setRightBorderColor(HSSFColor.BLUE.index);
- style.setBorderTop(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_MEDIUM_DASHED);
- style.setTopBorderColor(HSSFColor.BLACK.index);
- cell.setCellStyle(style);
- // Write the output to a file
- FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream("workbook.xls");
- wb.write(fileOut);
- fileOut.close();
8.填充和颜色设置
- HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();
- HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("new sheet");
- // Create a row and put some cells in it. Rows are 0 based.
- HSSFRow row = sheet.createRow((short) 1);
- // Aqua background
- HSSFCellStyle style = wb.createCellStyle();
- style.setFillBackgroundColor(HSSFColor.AQUA.index);
- style.setFillPattern(HSSFCellStyle.BIG_SPOTS);
- HSSFCell cell = row.createCell((short) 1);
- cell.setCellValue("X");
- cell.setCellStyle(style);
- // Orange "foreground", foreground being the fill foreground not the font color.
- style = wb.createCellStyle();
- style.setFillForegroundColor(HSSFColor.ORANGE.index);
- style.setFillPattern(HSSFCellStyle.SOLID_FOREGROUND);
- cell = row.createCell((short) 2);
- cell.setCellValue("X");
- cell.setCellStyle(style);
- // Write the output to a file
- FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream("workbook.xls");
- wb.write(fileOut);
- fileOut.close();
9.合并单元格操作
- HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();
- HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("new sheet");
- HSSFRow row = sheet.createRow((short) 1);
- HSSFCell cell = row.createCell((short) 1);
- cell.setCellValue("This is a test of merging");
- sheet.addMergedRegion(new Region(1,(short)1,1,(short)2));
- // Write the output to a file
- FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream("workbook.xls");
- wb.write(fileOut);
- fileOut.close();
10.字体设置
- HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();
- HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("new sheet");
- // Create a row and put some cells in it. Rows are 0 based.
- HSSFRow row = sheet.createRow((short) 1);
- // Create a new font and alter it.
- HSSFFont font = wb.createFont();
- font.setFontHeightInPoints((short)24);
- font.setFontName("Courier New");
- font.setItalic(true);
- font.setStrikeout(true);
- // Fonts are set into a style so create a new one to use.
- HSSFCellStyle style = wb.createCellStyle();
- style.setFont(font);
- // Create a cell and put a value in it.
- HSSFCell cell = row.createCell((short) 1);
- cell.setCellValue("This is a test of fonts");
- cell.setCellStyle(style);
- // Write the output to a file
- FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream("workbook.xls");
- wb.write(fileOut);
- fileOut.close();
11.自定义颜色
- HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();
- HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet();
- HSSFRow row = sheet.createRow((short) 0);
- HSSFCell cell = row.createCell((short) 0);
- cell.setCellValue("Default Palette");
- //apply some colors from the standard palette,
- // as in the previous examples.
- //we'll use red text on a lime background
- HSSFCellStyle style = wb.createCellStyle();
- style.setFillForegroundColor(HSSFColor.LIME.index);
- style.setFillPattern(HSSFCellStyle.SOLID_FOREGROUND);
- HSSFFont font = wb.createFont();
- font.setColor(HSSFColor.RED.index);
- style.setFont(font);
- cell.setCellStyle(style);
- //save with the default palette
- FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream("default_palette.xls");
- wb.write(out);
- out.close();
- //now, let's replace RED and LIME in the palette
- // with a more attractive combination
- // (lovingly borrowed from freebsd.org)
- cell.setCellValue("Modified Palette");
- //creating a custom palette for the workbook
- HSSFPalette palette = wb.getCustomPalette();
- //replacing the standard red with freebsd.org red
- palette.setColorAtIndex(HSSFColor.RED.index,
- (byte) 153, //RGB red (0-255)
- (byte) 0, //RGB green
- (byte) 0 //RGB blue
- );
- //replacing lime with freebsd.org gold
- palette.setColorAtIndex(HSSFColor.LIME.index, (byte) 255, (byte) 204, (byte) 102);
- //save with the modified palette
- // note that wherever we have previously used RED or LIME, the
- // new colors magically appear
- out = new FileOutputStream("modified_palette.xls");
- wb.write(out);
- out.close();
12.读和重写EXCEL文件
- POIFSFileSystem fs = new POIFSFileSystem(new FileInputStream("workbook.xls"));
- HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook(fs);
- HSSFSheet sheet = wb.getSheetAt(0);
- HSSFRow row = sheet.getRow(2);
- HSSFCell cell = row.getCell((short)3);
- if (cell == null)
- cell = row.createCell((short)3);
- cell.setCellType(HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_STRING);
- cell.setCellValue("a test");
- // Write the output to a file
- FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream("workbook.xls");
- wb.write(fileOut);
- fileOut.close();
13.在EXCEL单元格中使用自动换行
- HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();
- HSSFSheet s = wb.createSheet();
- HSSFRow r = null;
- HSSFCell c = null;
- HSSFCellStyle cs = wb.createCellStyle();
- HSSFFont f = wb.createFont();
- HSSFFont f2 = wb.createFont();
- cs = wb.createCellStyle();
- cs.setFont( f2 );
- //Word Wrap MUST be turned on
- cs.setWrapText( true );
- r = s.createRow( (short) 2 );
- r.setHeight( (short) 0x349 );
- c = r.createCell( (short) 2 );
- c.setCellType( HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_STRING );
- c.setCellValue( "Use /n with word wrap on to create a new line" );
- c.setCellStyle( cs );
- s.setColumnWidth( (short) 2, (short) ( ( 50 * 8 ) / ( (double) 1 / 20 ) ) );
- FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream( "workbook.xls" );
- wb.write( fileOut );
- fileOut.close();
14.数字格式自定义
- HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();
- HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("format sheet");
- HSSFCellStyle style;
- HSSFDataFormat format = wb.createDataFormat();
- HSSFRow row;
- HSSFCell cell;
- short rowNum = 0;
- short colNum = 0;
- row = sheet.createRow(rowNum++);
- cell = row.createCell(colNum);
- cell.setCellValue(11111.25);
- style = wb.createCellStyle();
- style.setDataFormat(format.getFormat("0.0"));
- cell.setCellStyle(style);
- row = sheet.createRow(rowNum++);
- cell = row.createCell(colNum);
- cell.setCellValue(11111.25);
- style = wb.createCellStyle();
- style.setDataFormat(format.getFormat("#,##0.0000"));
- cell.setCellStyle(style);
- FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream("workbook.xls");
- wb.write(fileOut);
- fileOut.close();
15.调整工作单位置
- HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();
- HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("format sheet");
- HSSFPrintSetup ps = sheet.getPrintSetup();
- sheet.setAutobreaks(true);
- ps.setFitHeight((short)1);
- ps.setFitWidth((short)1);
- // Create various cells and rows for spreadsheet.
- FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream("workbook.xls");
- wb.write(fileOut);
- fileOut.close();
16.设置打印区域
- HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();
- HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("Sheet1");
- wb.setPrintArea(0, "$A$1:$C$2");
- //sets the print area for the first sheet
- //Alternatively:
- //wb.setPrintArea(0, 0, 1, 0, 0) is equivalent to using the name reference (See the JavaDocs for more details)
- // Create various cells and rows for spreadsheet.
- FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream("workbook.xls");
- wb.write(fileOut);
- fileOut.close();
17.标注脚注
- HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();
- HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("format sheet");
- HSSFFooter footer = sheet.getFooter()
- footer.setRight( "Page " + HSSFFooter.page() + " of " + HSSFFooter.numPages() );
- // Create various cells and rows for spreadsheet.
- FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream("workbook.xls");
- wb.write(fileOut);
- fileOut.close();
18.使用方便的内部提供的函数
- HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();
- HSSFSheet sheet1 = wb.createSheet( "new sheet" );
- // Create a merged region
- HSSFRow row = sheet1.createRow( (short) 1 );
- HSSFRow row2 = sheet1.createRow( (short) 2 );
- HSSFCell cell = row.createCell( (short) 1 );
- cell.setCellValue( "This is a test of merging" );
- Region region = new Region( 1, (short) 1, 4, (short) 4 );
- sheet1.addMergedRegion( region );
- // Set the border and border colors.
- final short borderMediumDashed = HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_MEDIUM_DASHED;
- HSSFRegionUtil.setBorderBottom( borderMediumDashed,
- region, sheet1, wb );
- HSSFRegionUtil.setBorderTop( borderMediumDashed,
- region, sheet1, wb );
- HSSFRegionUtil.setBorderLeft( borderMediumDashed,
- region, sheet1, wb );
- HSSFRegionUtil.setBorderRight( borderMediumDashed,
- region, sheet1, wb );
- HSSFRegionUtil.setBottomBorderColor(HSSFColor.AQUA.index, region, sheet1, wb);
- HSSFRegionUtil.setTopBorderColor(HSSFColor.AQUA.index, region, sheet1, wb);
- HSSFRegionUtil.setLeftBorderColor(HSSFColor.AQUA.index, region, sheet1, wb);
- HSSFRegionUtil.setRightBorderColor(HSSFColor.AQUA.index, region, sheet1, wb);
- // Shows some usages of HSSFCellUtil
- HSSFCellStyle style = wb.createCellStyle();
- style.setIndention((short)4);
- HSSFCellUtil.createCell(row, 8, "This is the value of the cell", style);
- HSSFCell cell2 = HSSFCellUtil.createCell( row2, 8, "This is the value of the cell");
- HSSFCellUtil.setAlignment(cell2, wb, HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER);
- // Write out the workbook
- FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream( "workbook.xls" );
- wb.write( fileOut );
- fileOut.close();
19.在工作单中移动行,调整行的上下位置
- HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();
- HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("row sheet");
- // Create various cells and rows for spreadsheet.
- // Shift rows 6 - 11 on the spreadsheet to the top (rows 0 - 5)
- sheet.shiftRows(5, 10, -5);
- FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream("workbook.xls");
- wb.write(fileOut);
- fileOut.close();
20.选种指定的工作单
- HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();
- HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("row sheet");
- sheet.setSelected(true);
- // Create various cells and rows for spreadsheet.
- FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream("workbook.xls");
- wb.write(fileOut);
- fileOut.close();
21.工作单的放大缩小
- HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();
- HSSFSheet sheet1 = wb.createSheet("new sheet");
- sheet1.setZoom(3,4); // 75 percent magnification
- FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream("workbook.xls");
- wb.write(fileOut);
- fileOut.close();
22.头注和脚注
- HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();
- HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("new sheet");
- HSSFHeader header = sheet.getHeader();
- header.setCenter("Center Header");
- header.setLeft("Left Header");
- header.setRight(HSSFHeader.font("Stencil-Normal", "Italic") +
- HSSFHeader.fontSize((short) 16) + "Right w/ Stencil-Normal Italic font and size 16");
- FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream("workbook.xls");
- wb.write(fileOut);
- fileOut.close();
三、重点介绍
一个excel文档必备的内容都有什么呢:
1、文档的名字和保存的位置。(文档以xls结尾)
2、sheet页,一个excel文档可以包括多个sheet页
3、行
4、单元格(有些单元格是合并的)
5、单元格样式(包括背景颜色、对其方式等)
- HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook(); //创建excel
- HSSFSheet sheet1 = wb.createSheet("new sheet"); //创建多个sheet页
- HSSFSheet sheet2 = wb.createSheet("second sheet");
- HSSFCellStyle style = wb.createCellStyle(); //设置单元格背景颜色
- style.setFillPattern(HSSFCellStyle.SOLID_FOREGROUND);
- style.setFillForegroundColor(HSSFColor.YELLOW.index);
- HSSFRow row = sheet1.createRow((short)0);//创建一行数据,
- row.createCell((short)0).setCellValue(1); //给第一行数据赋值
- row.createCell((short)1).setCellValue(1.2);
- row.createCell((short)2).setCellValue("This is a string");
- HSSFCell cell = row.createCell((short)3);
- cell.setCellValue(true);
- cell.setCellStyle(style);//设置单元格背景颜色
- sheet1.addMergedRegion(new Region(0,(short)1,1,(short)1)); //合并单元格
- HSSFCellStyle style_green = wb.createCellStyle(); //设置单元格背景颜色
- style_green.setFillPattern(HSSFCellStyle.SOLID_FOREGROUND);
- style_green.setFillForegroundColor(HSSFColor.LIME.index);
- style_green.setBorderBottom(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN); //下边框
- style_green.setBorderLeft(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);//左边框
- style_green.setBorderTop(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);//上边框
- style_green.setBorderRight(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);//右边框
- style_green.setWrapText( true );//自动回车
- style_green.setVerticalAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.VERTICAL_CENTER);//设置竖直方向居中
- style_green.setAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER);//设置水平方向居中
- sheet.setColumnWidth( (short) k, (short) ( ( 50 * 4 ) / ( (double) 1 / 20 ) ) );//设置单元格宽度
- row1.setHeight((short) 0x220 );//设置行高度
页面弹出保存位置:
- req.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
- resp.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
- resp.setContentType("application/x-download");
- SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd-HH-mm-ss");
- String filedisplay = sdf.format(new Date())+".xls";
- filedisplay = URLEncoder.encode(filedisplay, "UTF-8");
- resp.addHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment;filename="+ filedisplay);
- OutputStream out = resp.getOutputStream();
- wb.write(out);
背景颜色:
- HSSFColor.ROYAL_BLUE
- HSSFColor.TEAL
- HSSFColor.LIME
- HSSFColor.PALE_BLUE
- HSSFColor.AQUA
- HSSFColor.GREEN
- HSSFColor.TURQUOISE
- HSSFColor.DARK_BLUE
- HSSFColor.CORNFLOWER_BLUE
- HSSFColor.OLIVE_GREEN
- HSSFColor.WHITE
- HSSFColor.LIGHT_TURQUOISE
- HSSFColor.LEMON_CHIFFON
- HSSFColor.LIGHT_GREEN
- HSSFColor.BLUE
- HSSFColor.DARK_RED
- HSSFColor.CORAL
- HSSFColor.RED
- HSSFColor.LIGHT_YELLOW
- HSSFColor.SKY_BLUE
- HSSFColor.BROWN
- HSSFColor.SEA_GREEN
- HSSFColor.INDIGO
- HSSFColor.MAROON
- HSSFColor.GREY_80_PERCENT
- HSSFColor.GREY_25_PERCENT
- HSSFColor.DARK_GREEN
- HSSFColor.YELLOW
- HSSFColor.GOLD
- HSSFColor.GREY_40_PERCENT
- HSSFColor.DARK_TEAL
- HSSFColor.PINK
- HSSFColor.ORCHID
- HSSFColor.LIGHT_BLUE
- HSSFColor.LIGHT_CORNFLOWER_BLUE
- HSSFColor.BLACK
- HSSFColor.DARK_YELLOW
- HSSFColor.VIOLET
- HSSFColor.LAVENDER
- HSSFColor.ROSE
- HSSFColor.BLUE_GREY
- HSSFColor.LIGHT_ORANGE
- HSSFColor.ORANGE
- HSSFColor.GREY_50_PERCENT
啦啦啦
啦啦啦
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