docker 1.2 之docker基本用法

1.docker的基本用法

镜像相关操作：dockerhub查找镜像，例如查找centos的镜像

[root@elk ~]# docker search centos
NAME                                         DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
centos                                       The official build of CentOS.                   7142      [OK]
centos/systemd                               systemd enabled base container.                 108                  [OK]
centos/mysql-57-centos7                      MySQL 5.7 SQL database server                   94
centos/postgresql-96-centos7                 PostgreSQL is an advanced Object-Relational …   45
kasmweb/centos-7-desktop                     CentOS 7 desktop for Kasm Workspaces            19
kasmweb/core-centos-7                        CentOS 7 base image for Kasm Workspaces         3
continuumio/centos5_gcc5_base                                                                3
couchbase/centos7-systemd                    centos7-systemd images with additional debug…   0                    [OK]
datadog/centos-i386                                                                          0
couchbase/centos-72-jenkins-core                                                             0
couchbase/centos-72-java-sdk                                                                 0
fnndsc/centos-python3                        Source for a slim Centos-based Python3 image…   0                    [OK]
bitnami/centos-extras-base                                                                   0
couchbase/centos-69-sdk-build                                                                0
couchbase/centos-70-sdk-build                                                                0
spack/centos6                                CentOS 6 with Spack preinstalled                0
spack/centos-stream                                                                          0
starlingx/stx-centos                         StarlingX centos                                0
ibmcom/fhe-toolkit-centos-amd64              The IBM Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) T…   0
ibmcom/fhe-toolkit-centos                    The IBM Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) T…   0
apache/couchdbci-centos                      Apache CouchDB CI CentOS                        0
silintl/openldap                             OpenLDAP base image on Centos 6                 0                    [OK]
bitnami/centos-base-buildpack                Centos base compilation image                   0                    [OK]
spack/centos7                                CentOS 7 with Spack preinstalled                0
couchbase/centos-69-sdk-nodevtoolset-build                                                   0                    

2.下载镜像，下载centos的

[root@elk ~]# docker pull centos
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/centos
a1d0c7532777: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:a27fd8080b517143cbbbab9dfb7c8571c40d67d534bbdee55bd6c473f432b177
Status: Downloaded newer image for centos:latest
docker.io/library/centos:latest

3.查看本地镜像：

[root@elk ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
centos       latest    5d0da3dc9764   8 months ago   231MB

4.把镜像做成离线压缩包，格式：docker save -o   压缩包格式   压缩包名

[root@elk ~]# docker save -o centos.tar.gz centos

5.解压离线镜像包

[root@elk ~]# docker load -i centos.tar.gz
Loaded image: centos:latest

6.删除镜像

[root@elk ~]# docker rmi -f centos
Untagged: centos:latest
Untagged: centos@sha256:a27fd8080b517143cbbbab9dfb7c8571c40d67d534bbdee55bd6c473f432b177
Deleted: sha256:5d0da3dc976460b72c77d94c8a1ad043720b0416bfc16c52c45d4847e53fadb6
Deleted: sha256:74ddd0ec08fa43d09f32636ba91a0a3053b02cb4627c35051aff8

7.启动docker

（1）以交互式方式启动并进去容器

[root@elk ~]# docker run --name=hello centos /bin/bash

输入exit，退出容器，退出之后容器也会停止，不会再前台运行

#docker run运行并创建容器

--name 容器的名字

-i 交互式

-d  后台运行docker

-t 分配伪终端

centos: 启动docker需要的镜像

/bin/bash说明你的shell类型为bash

 

 

 （2）以守护进程方式启动容器

[root@elk ~]# docker run --name=zhao -td centos  /bin/bash
4c74154517e15ed57c9066789bbde0b01c9f67fd72366e1e84dfb7e40114b443

8.查看容器是否启动

[root@elk ~]# docker ps |grep zhao
4c74154517e1   centos    "/bin/bash"   47 seconds ago   Up 46 seconds

9.登录到容器中

[root@elk ~]# docker exec -it zhao /bin/bash
[root@4c74154517e1 /]#          显示前面主机名更换了说明就是登录到容器中了

 
exit                            #退出容器

[root@elk ~]# docker ps         #查看正在运行的容器
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED         STATUS         PORTS     NAMES
4c74154517e1   centos    "/bin/bash"   3 minutes ago   Up 3 minutes 

[root@elk ~]# docker ps -a       #查看所有容器，包含正在运行和不在运行的容器
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
4c74154517e1 centos "/bin/bash" 4 minutes ago Up 4 minutes zhao
19b4cafa3d13 centos "/bin/bash" 8 minutes ago Exited (0) 8 minutes ago hello

[root@elk ~]# docker stop zhao    #停止容器

[root@elk ~]# docker start zhao   #启动已经停止的容器

[root@elk ~]# docker rm -f hello  #删除容器