elasticsearch 权威指南入门阅读笔记(一)
相关文档
esapi:https://es.xiaoleilu.com/010_Intro/10_Installing_ES.html https://esdoc.bbossgroups.com/#/pinyin-ik
es中文社区:https://elasticsearch.cn/question/6899
比较全的api http://cwiki.apachecn.org/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=4260605
什么是elasticsearch
elasticsearch是java基础apache lucene的开源搜索引擎，开箱即用，elasticsearch有很多默认的合理的配置
elasticsearch作用
全文检索，分布式实时文件存储,分布式实时分析引擎,可以扩展到上百台服务器处理PB级结构化数据或非结构化数据
elasticsearch安装
官网下载:https://www.elastic.co/downloads/elasticsearch解压
linux运行:./bin/elasticsearch
访问:http://localhost:9200/?pretty
表示安装成功
ES与传统数据的区别
关系型数据库:databases->tables->rows->columns
ES:indices->types->documents->Fileds
index可以理解成数据库 type可以理解为表 doument可以理解为行 filed可以理解为列
索引名词=数据库 索引动词可以理解为数据库的insert语句 索引文档如果存在 旧的将覆盖新的 ES为字段建立的索引为倒排索引
建立索引
现在我们建立1个产品的索引(insert)
posman put请求
http://127.0.0.1:9200/opcmdev/product/1
body:
{
"productName": "法瑞思 天然椰棕床垫棕垫硬床垫定做 薄乳胶棕榈榻榻米床垫定制折叠1.2/1.5/1.8",
"price": 10,
"remark": "不错的床垫",
"tags": ["家具", "床垫", "棉花"]
}
我们可以理解为在opcmdev数据库 product表 插入了一条产品信息 方便后面测试 多添加几条数据
http://127.0.0.1:9200/opcmdev/product/2
{
"productName": "南极人（Nanjiren）床垫家纺 加厚立体床垫羽丝绒床垫床褥子学生宿舍",
"price": 109,
"remark": "不错的床垫",
"tags": ["家具", "床垫", "棉花被"]
}
http://127.0.0.1:9200/opcmdev/product/3
{
"productName": "￥99.00志高（CHIGO）电火锅家用多功能电炒锅电煮锅不粘多用途锅电热锅 ZG-RH2",
"price": 99,
"remark": "平底锅",
"tags": ["电器", "平底锅"]
}
简单的检索文档(查询)
根据id查询
get请求:http://127.0.0.1:9200/opcmdev/product/3
不带条件的简单搜索
get请求:http://127.0.0.1:9200/opcmdev/product/_search 默认返回前10条
{
"took": 1,
"timed_out": false,
"_shards": {
"total": 5,
"successful": 5,
"skipped": 0,
"failed": 0
},
"hits": {
"total": 3,
"max_score": 1,
"hits": [
{
"_index": "opcmdev",
"_type": "product",
"_id": "2",
"_score": 1,
"_source": {
"productName": "南极人（Nanjiren）床垫家纺 加厚立体床垫羽丝绒床垫床褥子学生宿舍",
"price": "109",
"remark": "不错的床垫",
"tags": [
"家具",
"床垫",
"棉花被"
]
}
},
{
"_index": "opcmdev",
"_type": "product",
"_id": "1",
"_score": 1,
"_source": {
"productName": "法瑞思 天然椰棕床垫棕垫硬床垫定做 薄乳胶棕榈榻榻米床垫定制折叠1.2/1.5/1.8",
"price": "10",
"remark": "不错的床垫",
"tags": [
"家具",
"床垫",
"棉花被"
]
}
},
{
"_index": "opcmdev",
"_type": "product",
"_id": "3",
"_score": 1,
"_source": {
"productName": "￥99.00志高（CHIGO）电火锅家用多功能电炒锅电煮锅不粘多用途锅电热锅 ZG-RH2",
"price": "99",
"remark": "平底锅",
"tags": [
"电器",
"平底锅"
]
}
}
]
}
}
通过url?q模糊搜索
http://127.0.0.1:9200/opcmdev/product/_search?q=productName:锅
DSL查询语句
查询条件分词查询
{
"query":{
"match":{
"productName":"丝绒床垫"
}
}
}
结果
{
"took": 1,
"timed_out": false,
"_shards": {
"total": 5,
"successful": 5,
"skipped": 0,
"failed": 0
},
"hits": {
"total": 2,
"max_score": 1.5142827,
"hits": [
{
"_index": "opcmdev",
"_type": "product",
"_id": "2",
"_score": 1.5142827,
"_source": {
"productName": "南极人（Nanjiren）床垫家纺 加厚立体床垫羽丝绒床垫床褥子学生宿舍",
"price": 109,
"remark": "不错的床垫",
"tags": [
"家具",
"床垫",
"棉花被"
]
}
},
{
"_index": "opcmdev",
"_type": "product",
"_id": "1",
"_score": 0.9389185,
"_source": {
"productName": "法瑞思 天然椰棕床垫棕垫硬床垫定做 薄乳胶棕榈榻榻米床垫定制折叠1.2/1.5/1.8",
"price": 10,
"remark": "不错的床垫",
"tags": [
"家具",
"床垫",
"棉花"
]
}
}
]
}
}
查询条件不分词查询
只需要将条件修改为
{
"query":{
"match_phrase":{
"productName":"丝绒床垫"
}
}
}
结果
{
"took": 7,
"timed_out": false,
"_shards": {
"total": 5,
"successful": 5,
"skipped": 0,
"failed": 0
},
"hits": {
"total": 1,
"max_score": 1.1507283,
"hits": [
{
"_index": "opcmdev",
"_type": "product",
"_id": "2",
"_score": 1.1507283,
"_source": {
"productName": "南极人（Nanjiren）床垫家纺 加厚立体床垫羽丝绒床垫床褥子学生宿舍",
"price": 109,
"remark": "不错的床垫",
"tags": [
"家具",
"床垫",
"棉花被"
]
}
}
]
}
}
范围查询
需求:查询价格大于100的产品
{
"query" : {
"filtered" : {
"filter" : {
"range" : {
"price" : { "gt" : 30 }
}
},
"query" : {
"match" : {
"productName" : "锅"
}
}
}
}
}
5.*之后版本
{
"query" : {
"bool" : {
"filter" : {
"range" : {
"price" : { "gt" : 100 }
}
},
"must" : {
"match" : {
"productName" : "锅"
}
}
}
}
}
结果
为什么结果不对呢
请求：http://127.0.0.1:9200/opcmdev/product/_mapping?pretty
结果：
{
"opcmdev": {
"mappings": {
"product": {
"properties": {
"price": {
"type": "text",
"fields": {
"keyword": {
"type": "keyword",
"ignore_above": 256
}
}
},
"productName": {
"type": "text",
"fields": {
"keyword": {
"type": "keyword",
"ignore_above": 256
}
}
},
"proudctName": {
"type": "text",
"fields": {
"keyword": {
"type": "keyword",
"ignore_above": 256
}
}
},
"remark": {
"type": "text",
"fields": {
"keyword": {
"type": "keyword",
"ignore_above": 256
}
}
},
"tags": {
"type": "text",
"fields": {
"keyword": {
"type": "keyword",
"ignore_above": 256
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
因为创建索引没有指定mapping(数据类型)默认是text导致无效 但是又不能修改数据类型参考
mapping创建参考:
https://blog.csdn.net/napoay/article/details/52012249
如果正式遇到这种情况 需要修改类型 参考
http://www.cnblogs.com/Creator/p/3722408.html
高亮搜索
get请求:http://127.0.0.1:9200/opcmdev/product/_search
参数
{
"query": {
"match_phrase": {
"productName": "床垫"
}
},
"highlight": {
"fields": {
"productName": {}
}
}
}
结果
{
"took": 19,
"timed_out": false,
"_shards": {
"total": 5,
"successful": 5,
"skipped": 0,
"failed": 0
},
"hits": {
"total": 2,
"max_score": 0.90414375,
"hits": [
{
"_index": "opcmdev",
"_type": "product",
"_id": "2",
"_score": 0.90414375,
"_source": {
"productName": "南极人（Nanjiren）床垫家纺 加厚立体床垫羽丝绒床垫床褥子学生宿舍",
"price": 109,
"remark": "不错的床垫",
"tags": [
"家具",
"床垫",
"棉花被"
]
},
"highlight": {
"productName": [
"南极人（Nanjiren）<em>床</em><em>垫</em>家纺 加厚立体<em>床</em><em>垫</em>羽丝绒<em>床</em><em>垫</em>床褥子学生宿舍"
]
}
},
{
"_index": "opcmdev",
"_type": "product",
"_id": "1",
"_score": 0.90414375,
"_source": {
"productName": "法瑞思 天然椰棕床垫棕垫硬床垫定做 薄乳胶棕榈榻榻米床垫定制折叠1.2/1.5/1.8",
"price": 10,
"remark": "不错的床垫",
"tags": [
"家具",
"床垫",
"棉花"
]
},
"highlight": {
"productName": [
"法瑞思 天然椰棕<em>床</em><em>垫</em>棕垫硬<em>床</em><em>垫</em>定做 薄乳胶棕榈榻榻米<em>床</em><em>垫</em>定制折叠1.2/1.5/1.8"
]
}
}
]
}
}
前端显示我们给em这是红色 就行了
分析
{
"aggs":{
"all_tags":{
"terms":{
"field":"tags"
}
}
}
}
5.0之后版本会报错
Fielddata is disabled on text fields by default. Set fielddata=true
因为5.x以后聚合这些操作用单独的数据结构(fielddata)缓存到内存里了 会占用大量堆空间 对性能有影响 默认没有开启
put请求:http://127.0.0.1:9200/opcmdev/_mapping/product/?pretty
结果:
{
"acknowledged": true
}
然后我们就可以得到聚合结果
{
"took": 44,
"timed_out": false,
"_shards": {
"total": 5,
"successful": 5,
"skipped": 0,
"failed": 0
},
"hits": {
"total": 3,
"max_score": 1,
"hits": [
{
"_index": "opcmdev",
"_type": "product",
"_id": "2",
"_score": 1,
"_source": {
"productName": "南极人（Nanjiren）床垫家纺 加厚立体床垫羽丝绒床垫床褥子学生宿舍",
"price": 109,
"remark": "不错的床垫",
"tags": [
"家具",
"床垫",
"棉花被"
]
}
},
{
"_index": "opcmdev",
"_type": "product",
"_id": "1",
"_score": 1,
"_source": {
"productName": "法瑞思 天然椰棕床垫棕垫硬床垫定做 薄乳胶棕榈榻榻米床垫定制折叠1.2/1.5/1.8",
"price": 10,
"remark": "不错的床垫",
"tags": [
"家具",
"床垫",
"棉花"
]
}
},
{
"_index": "opcmdev",
"_type": "product",
"_id": "3",
"_score": 1,
"_source": {
"productName": "￥99.00志高（CHIGO）电火锅家用多功能电炒锅电煮锅不粘多用途锅电热锅 ZG-RH2",
"price": 99,
"remark": "平底锅",
"tags": [
"电器",
"平底锅"
]
}
}
]
},
"aggregations": {
"all_tags": {
"doc_count_error_upper_bound": 0,
"sum_other_doc_count": 2,
"buckets": [
{
"key": "具",
"doc_count": 2
},
{
"key": "垫",
"doc_count": 2
},
{
"key": "家",
"doc_count": 2
},
{
"key": "床",
"doc_count": 2
},
{
"key": "棉",
"doc_count": 2
},
{
"key": "花",
"doc_count": 2
},
{
"key": "器",
"doc_count": 1
},
{
"key": "平",
"doc_count": 1
},
{
"key": "底",
"doc_count": 1
},
{
"key": "电",
"doc_count": 1
}
]
}
}
}
可以看到 聚合的字段被分词了 不需要分词需要给参数加上keyword
{
"aggs":{
"all_tags":{
"terms":{
"field":"tags.keyword"
}
}
}
}
结果
{
"took": 10,
"timed_out": false,
"_shards": {
"total": 5,
"successful": 5,
"skipped": 0,
"failed": 0
},
"hits": {
"total": 3,
"max_score": 1,
"hits": [
{
"_index": "opcmdev",
"_type": "product",
"_id": "2",
"_score": 1,
"_source": {
"productName": "南极人（Nanjiren）床垫家纺 加厚立体床垫羽丝绒床垫床褥子学生宿舍",
"price": 109,
"remark": "不错的床垫",
"tags": [
"家具",
"床垫",
"棉花被"
]
}
},
{
"_index": "opcmdev",
"_type": "product",
"_id": "1",
"_score": 1,
"_source": {
"productName": "法瑞思 天然椰棕床垫棕垫硬床垫定做 薄乳胶棕榈榻榻米床垫定制折叠1.2/1.5/1.8",
"price": 10,
"remark": "不错的床垫",
"tags": [
"家具",
"床垫",
"棉花"
]
}
},
{
"_index": "opcmdev",
"_type": "product",
"_id": "3",
"_score": 1,
"_source": {
"productName": "￥99.00志高（CHIGO）电火锅家用多功能电炒锅电煮锅不粘多用途锅电热锅 ZG-RH2",
"price": 99,
"remark": "平底锅",
"tags": [
"电器",
"平底锅"
]
}
}
]
},
"aggregations": {
"all_tags": {
"doc_count_error_upper_bound": 0,
"sum_other_doc_count": 0,
"buckets": [
{
"key": "家具",
"doc_count": 2
},
{
"key": "床垫",
"doc_count": 2
},
{
"key": "平底锅",
"doc_count": 1
},
{
"key": "棉花",
"doc_count": 1
},
{
"key": "棉花被",
"doc_count": 1
},
{
"key": "电器",
"doc_count": 1
}
]
}
}
}
如果聚合前需要查询条件 则改参数
{
"query":{
"match":{
"productName":"平底锅"
}
},
"aggs":{
"all_tags":{
"terms":{
"field":"tags.keyword"
}
}
}
}
结果:
{
"took": 1,
"timed_out": false,
"_shards": {
"total": 5,
"successful": 5,
"skipped": 0,
"failed": 0
},
"hits": {
"total": 1,
"max_score": 0.51040375,
"hits": [
{
"_index": "opcmdev",
"_type": "product",
"_id": "3",
"_score": 0.51040375,
"_source": {
"productName": "￥99.00志高（CHIGO）电火锅家用多功能电炒锅电煮锅不粘多用途锅电热锅 ZG-RH2",
"price": 99,
"remark": "平底锅",
"tags": [
"电器",
"平底锅"
]
}
}
]
},
"aggregations": {
"all_tags": {
"doc_count_error_upper_bound": 0,
"sum_other_doc_count": 0,
"buckets": [
{
"key": "平底锅",
"doc_count": 1
},
{
"key": "电器",
"doc_count": 1
}
]
}
}
}
分级汇总
比如再进行二次统计 上面结果每个tag的平均价格 因为price是text类型 就不演示结果了
{
"aggs":{
"all_tags":{
"terms":{
"field":"tags.keyword"
},
"aggs":{
"avg_price":{
"avg":{"field":"price"}
}
}
}
}
}
检索响应各字段意思
{
"took": 1,//这个请求耗费的时间（毫秒）
"timed_out": false,//超时是否 一般不会超时 如果响应速度比完整性更重要可以设置超时时间 es会返回超时前收集到的数据
"_shards": {//检索分片的信息
"total": 5,//参与分片的数量
"successful": 5,//有多少成功的
"skipped": 0,
"failed": 0//有多少失败的
},
"hits": {
"total": 3,//查询总数
"max_score": 1,//指的是所以文档中 相似度最大的值
"hits": [
{
"_index": "opcmdev",//索引
"_type": "product",//type
"_id": "2",//id
"_score": 1,//查询条件的相似度默认最大的排最前面 这个json没有查询条件所有都是1
"_source": {//数据
"productName": "南极人（Nanjiren）床垫家纺 加厚立体床垫羽丝绒床垫床褥子学生宿舍",
"price": "109",
"remark": "不错的床垫",
"tags": [
"家具",
"床垫",
"棉花被"
]
}
},
{
"_index": "opcmdev",
"_type": "product",
"_id": "1",
"_score": 1,
"_source": {
"productName": "法瑞思 天然椰棕床垫棕垫硬床垫定做 薄乳胶棕榈榻榻米床垫定制折叠1.2/1.5/1.8",
"price": "10",
"remark": "不错的床垫",
"tags": [
"家具",
"床垫",
"棉花被"
]
}
},
{
"_index": "opcmdev",
"_type": "product",
"_id": "3",
"_score": 1,
"_source": {
"productName": "￥99.00志高（CHIGO）电火锅家用多功能电炒锅电煮锅不粘多用途锅电热锅 ZG-RH2",
"price": "99",
"remark": "平底锅",
"tags": [
"电器",
"平底锅"
]
}
}
]
}
}
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