Python_Tips

Python绝对路径与相对路径读写文件【上级目录： os.path.dirname(os.getcwd())】

# coding:utf8

'''
知识点：Python读写文件时候的相对路径与绝对路径
准备工作：先在同级目录下写一个test.txt文件，里面写汉字、字母、数字
'''

'''
一、用绝对路径读写
'''
# 第一种 with open() 【推荐】
with open('C:\\Users\\Administrator\\desktop\\test.txt','r') as f:
    print(f.read().decode('utf8'))  #注意编码
# 第二种 with open()
with open('C:/Users/Administrator/desktop/test.txt','r') as f:  #注：这里 \\ 等同于 /
    print(f.read())     #试试不写编码格式会出现什么问题-.-

# 第三种 open() + close() 【不推荐用这个，因为语句较长】
file1 = open('C:\\Users\\Administrator\\desktop\\test.txt','r')
print(file1.read().decode('utf8'))
file1.close()

# 补充：
with open('C:\\Users\\Administrator\\desktop\\test.txt','w') as f:  #写入
    f.write('测试test11')  #这样会替换原来全部文字

'''
二、用相对路径
os.getcwd() #获取当前绝对路径
os.path.dirname(os.getcwd())  #当前目录的上一级/父级目录
'''
# 读取上一级/父级目录中的文件
import os
BASE_DIR = os.getcwd()  #获取当前绝对路径
# print(u'当前绝对路径是：' + BASE_DIR)
Father_BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.getcwd())  #当前目录的上一级/父级目录
# print(u'当前目录的父级目录是：' + Father_BASE_DIR)
file_path = os.path.join(Father_BASE_DIR,'test.txt')  #获取当前文件夹下的Test_Data文件
with open(file_path,'r') as f:
    print(f.read().decode('utf8'))

绝对路径与相对路径 os.getcwd()

Python调用其他文件(夹)中的类

#coding:utf8

'''
说明：Python其他文件中类的调用

目录结构如下:
main.py
pakage/mymodel.py
'''

# --------------------------------------------
# main.py
# coding:utf8
from pakge.mymodel import mymodel.test  # 注：引用路径写法

mylist= [1,2,3]
a = test(mylist)
a.prt()
a.tplt()

# --------------------------------------------
# pakage/mymodel.py
#coidng:utf8
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
class test(object):
    num = []
    def __init__(self, _list):
        super(test, self).__init__()
        self.num = _list

    def prt(self):
        print(self.num)

    def tplt(self):
        plt.plot(self.num)
        plt.show()

# mylist= [1,2,3]
# a = test(mylist)
# a.prt()
# a.tplt()

引用其他文件(夹)的类

Python分装成类

# Python 类的封装
class Gun:
    def __init__(self, model):
        # 1. 枪的型号
        self.model = model
        # 2. 子弹的数量
        self.bullet_count = 0
    def add_bullet(self, count):
        self.bullet_count += count
    def shoot(self):
        # 1. 判断字弹的数量
        if self.bullet_count <= 0:
            print("[%s] 没有字弹了..." % self.model)
            return
        # 2. 发射子弹
        self.bullet_count -= 1
        # 3. 提示发射信息
        print("[%s] 突突突...子弹有： [%d]" % (self.model, self.bullet_count))

# 创建枪对象
ak47 = Gun('ak47')
ak47.add_bullet(30)
ak47.shoot()
ak47.shoot()

class Soldier:
    def __init__(self, name):
        self.name = name
        self.gun = None    # 私有

    def fire(self):
        # 1. 判断士兵是否有枪
        if self.gun is None:   # 身份运算符（is） 可以替换（==）
            print("[%s] 还没有枪..." % self.name)
            return

        # 2. 口号
        print("冲啊... [%s]" % self.name)

        # 3. 装子弹
        self.gun.add_bullet(30)

        # 4. 发射子弹
        self.gun.shoot()

# 创建一个士兵
jack = Soldier("jack")
jack.gun = ak47
jack.fire()
print(jack.gun)

类的封装

封装成类

1.使用TensorFlow识别验证码

　　https://cuiqingcai.com/5709.html

2.Pyqt基础，写一个框

import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication,QMainWindow,QAction,QMessageBox
from PyQt5.QtGui import QIcon

class myWin(QMainWindow):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.initUI()

    def initUI(self):
        #创建动作对象并设置
        action_close=QAction(QIcon('icon.png'),'&退出',self)
        action_close.setShortcut('A')
        action_close.setStatusTip('这是退出功能')
        action_close.triggered.connect(self.close)

        action_open=QAction(QIcon('icon.png'),'&打开',self)
        action_open.setShortcut('Ctrl+O')
        action_open.setStatusTip('这是打开功能')
        action_open.triggered.connect(self.open1)

        #创建菜单
        menuBar=self.menuBar()
        menufile=menuBar.addMenu('&文件')
        menufile.addAction(action_open)
        menufile.addAction(action_close)

        #设置状态栏
        self.statusBar().showMessage('这个是状态栏....')

        #设置窗口属性
        self.setGeometry(100,300,400,400)
        self.setWindowTitle('菜单栏实例')
        self.setWindowIcon(QIcon('icon.png'))

        self.show()
    #重写关闭事件方法（closeEvent）
    def closeEvent(self,event):
        #获取消息框实例的值
        msg=QMessageBox.question(self,'退出警告','你确认退出吗？？',QMessageBox.Yes | QMessageBox.No,QMessageBox.No)
        #判定消息框的返回值
        if msg==QMessageBox.Yes:
            event.accept()
        else:
            event.ignore()
    def open1(self):
        print('马季是个相声家')

if __name__=='__main__':
    app=QApplication(sys.argv)
    my=myWin()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

Python_menuBar

Pyqt_win框

 3.Pyqt5做俄罗斯方块,能运行

"""
俄罗斯方块

author: wolfstar
last edited: 2018年1月
"""
import sys, random
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QMainWindow, QFrame, QDesktopWidget, QApplication
from PyQt5.QtCore import Qt, QBasicTimer, pyqtSignal
from PyQt5.QtGui import QPainter, QColor

#主界面类
class Tetris(QMainWindow):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()

        self.initUI()

    def initUI(self):
        #Board创建一个面板类的实例，并设置应用程序的核心部件。
        self.tboard = Board(self)
        self.setCentralWidget(self.tboard)
        #创建一个状态栏将显示消息。我们将显示三种可能的消息:已删除的行数,停顿了一下消息,或游戏结束的消息。msg2Statusbar是一个自定义的信号,在Board 中实现类。showMessage()是一个内置的方法,在状态栏显示一条消息。
        self.statusbar = self.statusBar()
        self.tboard.msg2Statusbar[str].connect(self.statusbar.showMessage)
        #这一行代码启动游戏
        self.tboard.start()

        self.resize(180, 380)
        self.center()
        self.setWindowTitle('Tetris')
        self.show()
    #窗体居中显示方法
    def center(self):
        screen = QDesktopWidget().screenGeometry()
        size = self.geometry()
        self.move((screen.width() - size.width()) / 2,
                  (screen.height() - size.height()) / 2)

#创建面板类
class Board(QFrame):
    #创建一个自定义的信号。当我们想写一个信息或状态栏的分数的时候，msg2Statusbar发出一个信号
    msg2Statusbar = pyqtSignal(str)
    #这些都是Board的类变量。BoardWidth和BoardHeight定义的块的大小。Speed定义了游戏的速度。每个300 ms将开始一个新游戏循环。
    BoardWidth = 10
    BoardHeight = 22
    Speed = 300

    def __init__(self, parent):
        super().__init__(parent)

        self.initBoard()
    #我们在initBoard()方法初始化一些重要的变量。board变量是一个从0到7的数字列表。它代表了面板上各种形状和位置。
    def initBoard(self):

        self.timer = QBasicTimer()
        self.isWaitingAfterLine = False

        self.curX = 0
        self.curY = 0
        self.numLinesRemoved = 0
        self.board = []

        self.setFocusPolicy(Qt.StrongFocus)
        self.isStarted = False
        self.isPaused = False
        self.clearBoard()

    #shapeAt()方法确定在给定形状块的类型。
    def shapeAt(self, x, y):
        return self.board[(y * Board.BoardWidth) + x]

    def setShapeAt(self, x, y, shape):
        self.board[(y * Board.BoardWidth) + x] = shape
    #Board可以动态地调整大小。因此,块的大小可能会有所改变。squareWidth()计算单一方块像素的宽度并返回它。Board.BoardWidth方块板的大小。
    def squareWidth(self):
        return self.contentsRect().width() // Board.BoardWidth

    def squareHeight(self):
        return self.contentsRect().height() // Board.BoardHeight
    #游戏开始方法
    def start(self):

        if self.isPaused:
            return

        self.isStarted = True
        self.isWaitingAfterLine = False
        self.numLinesRemoved = 0
        self.clearBoard()

        self.msg2Statusbar.emit(str(self.numLinesRemoved))

        self.newPiece()
        self.timer.start(Board.Speed, self)
    #游戏暂停方法
    def pause(self):

        if not self.isStarted:
            return

        self.isPaused = not self.isPaused

        if self.isPaused:
            self.timer.stop()
            self.msg2Statusbar.emit("paused")

        else:
            self.timer.start(Board.Speed, self)
            self.msg2Statusbar.emit(str(self.numLinesRemoved))

        self.update()
    #窗体绘图
    def paintEvent(self, event):

        painter = QPainter(self)
        #根据窗体舞台大小计算顶部
        rect = self.contentsRect()

        boardTop = rect.bottom() - Board.BoardHeight * self.squareHeight()
        #游戏的绘制分为两个步骤，第一步，绘制所有方块，这些方块都要保存在底部列表中。列表通过shapeAt() 方法来添加方块。
        for i in range(Board.BoardHeight):
            for j in range(Board.BoardWidth):
                shape = self.shapeAt(j, Board.BoardHeight - i - 1)

                if shape != Tetrominoe.NoShape:
                    self.drawSquare(painter,
                                    rect.left() + j * self.squareWidth(),
                                    boardTop + i * self.squareHeight(), shape)
        #第二步绘制下降中的方块
        if self.curPiece.shape() != Tetrominoe.NoShape:

            for i in range(4):
                x = self.curX + self.curPiece.x(i)
                y = self.curY - self.curPiece.y(i)
                self.drawSquare(painter, rect.left() + x * self.squareWidth(),
                                boardTop + (Board.BoardHeight - y - 1) * self.squareHeight(),
                                self.curPiece.shape())

    def keyPressEvent(self, event):

        if not self.isStarted or self.curPiece.shape() == Tetrominoe.NoShape:
            super(Board, self).keyPressEvent(event)
            return

        key = event.key()

        if key == Qt.Key_P:
            self.pause()
            return

        if self.isPaused:
            return
        #keyPressEvent()方法检查按下键。当按右箭头键,我们试图向右移动一块。我们使用tyrMove,因为可能无法移动。
        elif key == Qt.Key_Left:
            self.tryMove(self.curPiece, self.curX - 1, self.curY)

        elif key == Qt.Key_Right:
            self.tryMove(self.curPiece, self.curX + 1, self.curY)
        #向上箭头键将旋转方块。
        elif key == Qt.Key_Down:
            self.tryMove(self.curPiece.rotateRight(), self.curX, self.curY)

        elif key == Qt.Key_Up:
            self.tryMove(self.curPiece.rotateLeft(), self.curX, self.curY)
        #空格键立即下降到底部
        elif key == Qt.Key_Space:
            self.dropDown()
        #按下D键，可以加速下降。
        elif key == Qt.Key_D:
            self.oneLineDown()

        else:
            super(Board, self).keyPressEvent(event)
    #计时器事件,当我们前一个方块降到底部后，创建一个新的方块。
    def timerEvent(self, event):

        if event.timerId() == self.timer.timerId():

            if self.isWaitingAfterLine:
                self.isWaitingAfterLine = False
                self.newPiece()
            else:
                self.oneLineDown()

        else:
            super(Board, self).timerEvent(event)
    #clearBoard()方法通过设置Tetrominoe.NoShape清除面板
    def clearBoard(self):

        for i in range(Board.BoardHeight * Board.BoardWidth):
            self.board.append(Tetrominoe.NoShape)

    def dropDown(self):

        newY = self.curY

        while newY > 0:

            if not self.tryMove(self.curPiece, self.curX, newY - 1):
                break

            newY -= 1

        self.pieceDropped()

    def oneLineDown(self):

        if not self.tryMove(self.curPiece, self.curX, self.curY - 1):
            self.pieceDropped()

    def pieceDropped(self):

        for i in range(4):
            x = self.curX + self.curPiece.x(i)
            y = self.curY - self.curPiece.y(i)
            self.setShapeAt(x, y, self.curPiece.shape())

        self.removeFullLines()

        if not self.isWaitingAfterLine:
            self.newPiece()
    #如果到达底部,会调用removeFullLines()方法。我们会检查所有完整的线条然后删除它们。然后移动所有行高于当前删除整行一行。请注意,我们反的顺序行被删除。否则,就会出错。
    def removeFullLines(self):

        numFullLines = 0
        rowsToRemove = []

        for i in range(Board.BoardHeight):

            n = 0
            for j in range(Board.BoardWidth):
                if not self.shapeAt(j, i) == Tetrominoe.NoShape:
                    n = n + 1

            if n == 10:
                rowsToRemove.append(i)

        rowsToRemove.reverse()

        for m in rowsToRemove:

            for k in range(m, Board.BoardHeight):
                for l in range(Board.BoardWidth):
                    self.setShapeAt(l, k, self.shapeAt(l, k + 1))

        numFullLines = numFullLines + len(rowsToRemove)

        if numFullLines > 0:
            self.numLinesRemoved = self.numLinesRemoved + numFullLines
            self.msg2Statusbar.emit(str(self.numLinesRemoved))

            self.isWaitingAfterLine = True
            self.curPiece.setShape(Tetrominoe.NoShape)
            self.update()
    #通过newPiece()方法创建一个新的方块，如果不能进入它的初始位置,游戏就结束了。
    def newPiece(self):

        self.curPiece = Shape()
        self.curPiece.setRandomShape()
        self.curX = Board.BoardWidth // 2 + 1
        self.curY = Board.BoardHeight - 1 + self.curPiece.minY()

        if not self.tryMove(self.curPiece, self.curX, self.curY):
            self.curPiece.setShape(Tetrominoe.NoShape)
            self.timer.stop()
            self.isStarted = False
            self.msg2Statusbar.emit("Game over")
    #使用tryMove()方法尝试移动方块。如果方块的边缘已经接触到面板边缘或者不能移动,我们返回False。否则我们当前块下降到一个新的位置。
    def tryMove(self, newPiece, newX, newY):

        for i in range(4):

            x = newX + newPiece.x(i)
            y = newY - newPiece.y(i)

            if x < 0 or x >= Board.BoardWidth or y < 0 or y >= Board.BoardHeight:
                return False

            if self.shapeAt(x, y) != Tetrominoe.NoShape:
                return False

        self.curPiece = newPiece
        self.curX = newX
        self.curY = newY
        self.update()

        return True

    def drawSquare(self, painter, x, y, shape):

        colorTable = [0x000000, 0xCC6666, 0x66CC66, 0x6666CC,
                      0xCCCC66, 0xCC66CC, 0x66CCCC, 0xDAAA00]

        color = QColor(colorTable[shape])
        painter.fillRect(x + 1, y + 1, self.squareWidth() - 2,
                         self.squareHeight() - 2, color)

        painter.setPen(color.lighter())
        painter.drawLine(x, y + self.squareHeight() - 1, x, y)
        painter.drawLine(x, y, x + self.squareWidth() - 1, y)

        painter.setPen(color.darker())
        painter.drawLine(x + 1, y + self.squareHeight() - 1,
                         x + self.squareWidth() - 1, y + self.squareHeight() - 1)
        painter.drawLine(x + self.squareWidth() - 1,
                         y + self.squareHeight() - 1, x + self.squareWidth() - 1, y + 1)

#Tetrominoe类包含所有可能的形状。NoShape空形状。
class Tetrominoe(object):
    NoShape = 0
    ZShape = 1
    SShape = 2
    LineShape = 3
    TShape = 4
    SquareShape = 5
    LShape = 6
    MirroredLShape = 7

#Shape 类保存方块信息
class Shape(object):
    #coordsTable 元组包含所有可能的俄罗斯方块的坐标值。这是一个模板的所有块坐标值。
    coordsTable = (
        ((0, 0), (0, 0), (0, 0), (0, 0)),
        ((0, -1), (0, 0), (-1, 0), (-1, 1)),
        ((0, -1), (0, 0), (1, 0), (1, 1)),
        ((0, -1), (0, 0), (0, 1), (0, 2)),
        ((-1, 0), (0, 0), (1, 0), (0, 1)),
        ((0, 0), (1, 0), (0, 1), (1, 1)),
        ((-1, -1), (0, -1), (0, 0), (0, 1)),
        ((1, -1), (0, -1), (0, 0), (0, 1))
    )

    def __init__(self):

        self.coords = [[0, 0] for i in range(4)]
        self.pieceShape = Tetrominoe.NoShape

        self.setShape(Tetrominoe.NoShape)

    def shape(self):
        return self.pieceShape

    def setShape(self, shape):

        table = Shape.coordsTable[shape]

        for i in range(4):
            for j in range(2):
                self.coords[i][j] = table[i][j]

        self.pieceShape = shape

    def setRandomShape(self):
        self.setShape(random.randint(1, 7))

    def x(self, index):
        return self.coords[index][0]

    def y(self, index):
        return self.coords[index][1]

    def setX(self, index, x):
        self.coords[index][0] = x

    def setY(self, index, y):
        self.coords[index][1] = y

    def minX(self):

        m = self.coords[0][0]
        for i in range(4):
            m = min(m, self.coords[i][0])

        return m

    def maxX(self):

        m = self.coords[0][0]
        for i in range(4):
            m = max(m, self.coords[i][0])

        return m

    def minY(self):

        m = self.coords[0][1]
        for i in range(4):
            m = min(m, self.coords[i][1])

        return m

    def maxY(self):

        m = self.coords[0][1]
        for i in range(4):
            m = max(m, self.coords[i][1])

        return m
    #rotateLeft() 向左旋转方块。如果方块本身不能被旋转，我们就返回当前对象的应用。否则就创建一个新的块及其坐标设置为的旋转。
    def rotateLeft(self):

        if self.pieceShape == Tetrominoe.SquareShape:
            return self

        result = Shape()
        result.pieceShape = self.pieceShape

        for i in range(4):
            result.setX(i, self.y(i))
            result.setY(i, -self.x(i))

        return result

    def rotateRight(self):

        if self.pieceShape == Tetrominoe.SquareShape:
            return self

        result = Shape()
        result.pieceShape = self.pieceShape

        for i in range(4):
            result.setX(i, -self.y(i))
            result.setY(i, self.x(i))

        return result

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QApplication([])
    tetris = Tetris()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

俄罗斯方块，能运行

4.Pyqt5做计算器

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:UTF-8 -*-
# calculator

import sys

from PyQt5.QtGui import *
from PyQt5.QtCore import *

class UI_form(QWidget):
    def __init__(self,parent = None):
             QWidget.__init__(self)

             self.setWindowTitle('UI')

             grid = QGridLayout() #网格式布局
             global lcd
             lcd = QTextBrowser()
             lcd.setFixedHeight(90)
             lcd.setFont(QFont("Microsoft YaHei", 20))
             lcd.setText('0'.decode('utf-8'))
             grid.setSpacing(0)
             grid.addWidget(lcd, 0, 0, 1, 5)

    # ---------------------按钮定义及显示-------------------------

             button_0 = QPushButton('0')
             grid.addWidget(button_0,5,0)

             button_1 = QPushButton('1')
             grid.addWidget(button_1,4,0)

             button_2 = QPushButton('2')
             grid.addWidget(button_2,4,1)

             button_3 = QPushButton('3')
             grid.addWidget(button_3,4,2)

             button_4 = QPushButton('4')
             grid.addWidget(button_4,3,0)

             button_5 = QPushButton('5')
             grid.addWidget(button_5,3,1)

             button_6 = QPushButton('6')
             grid.addWidget(button_6,3,2)

             button_7 = QPushButton('7')
             grid.addWidget(button_7,2,0)

             button_8 = QPushButton('8')
             grid.addWidget(button_8,2,1)

             button_9 = QPushButton('9')
             grid.addWidget(button_9,2,2)

             button_plus = QPushButton('+')
             grid.addWidget(button_plus,2,3)

             button_dec = QPushButton('-')
             grid.addWidget(button_dec,3,3)

             button_mul = QPushButton('*')
             grid.addWidget(button_mul,4,3)

             button_dev = QPushButton('/')
             grid.addWidget(button_dev,5,3)

             button_eq = QPushButton('=')
             grid.addWidget(button_eq,5,2)

             button_point = QPushButton('.')
             grid.addWidget(button_point,5,1)

             button_close = QPushButton('Close')
             grid.addWidget(button_close,1,0)

             button_clear = QPushButton('Clear')
             grid.addWidget(button_clear,1,1)

             button_blk = QPushButton('Blk')
             grid.addWidget(button_blk,1,2)

#--------------------------------------------------

             self.setLayout(grid)
             self.resize(350, 300)

             self.str1 = ''#接收第一个要运算的数
             self.str2 = ''#接收第二个要运算的数
             self.flag = '0'
             self.calFlag = ''
             lcd.setText(self.str1)

             #数字键事件处理
             QObject.connect(button_7,SIGNAL("clicked()"),self.func_button7)
             QObject.connect(button_8,SIGNAL("clicked()"),self.func_button8)
             QObject.connect(button_9,SIGNAL("clicked()"),self.func_button9)
             QObject.connect(button_4,SIGNAL("clicked()"),self.func_button4)
             QObject.connect(button_5,SIGNAL("clicked()"),self.func_button5)
             QObject.connect(button_6,SIGNAL("clicked()"),self.func_button6)
             QObject.connect(button_1,SIGNAL("clicked()"),self.func_button1)
             QObject.connect(button_2,SIGNAL("clicked()"),self.func_button2)
             QObject.connect(button_3,SIGNAL("clicked()"),self.func_button3)
             QObject.connect(button_0,SIGNAL("clicked()"),self.func_button0)
             #运算符按键事件处理
             QObject.connect(button_plus,SIGNAL("clicked()"),self.func_buttonAdd)
             QObject.connect(button_dec,SIGNAL("clicked()"),self.func_buttonDec)
             QObject.connect(button_mul,SIGNAL("clicked()"),self.func_buttonMul)
             QObject.connect(button_dev,SIGNAL("clicked()"),self.func_buttonChu)
             QObject.connect(button_eq,SIGNAL("clicked()"),self.func_buttonEqual)
             QObject.connect(button_clear,SIGNAL("clicked()"),self.func_buttonClear)
    def closeEvent(self,event):#窗口关闭时的处理，只实现这个函数就可以，不用去调用
        reply = QMessageBox.question(self,'Message',"Are you sure to quit?",QMessageBox.Yes,QMessageBox.No)
        if reply == QMessageBox.Yes:
            event.accept()
        else:
            event.ignore()
    def func_button7(self):

        if self.flag == '1':
            self.str2 = self.str2 + '7'
            lcd.setText(self.str2)
        else:
            self.str1 = self.str1 + '7'
            lcd.setText(self.str1)
    def func_button8(self):
        if self.flag == '1':
            self.str2 = self.str2 + '8'
            lcd.setText(self.str2)
        else:
            self.str1 = self.str1 + '8'
            lcd.setText(self.str1)
    def func_button9(self):
        if self.flag == '1':
            self.str2 = self.str2 + '9'
            lcd.setText(self.str2)
        else:
            self.str1 = self.str1 + '9'
            lcd.setText(self.str1)
    def func_button4(self):
        if self.flag == '1':
            self.str2 = self.str2 + '4'
            lcd.setText(self.str2)
        else:
            self.str1 = self.str1 + '4'
            lcd.setText(self.str1)
    def func_button5(self):
        if self.flag == '1':
            self.str2 = self.str2 + '5'
            lcd.setText(self.str2)
        else:
            self.str1 = self.str1 + '5'
            lcd.setText(self.str1)
    def func_button6(self):
        if self.flag == '1':
            self.str2 = self.str2 + '6'
            lcd.setText(self.str2)
        else:
            self.str1 = self.str1 + '6'
            lcd.setText(self.str1)
    def func_button1(self):
        if self.flag == '1':
            self.str2 = self.str2 + '1'
            lcd.setText(self.str2)
        else:
            self.str1 = self.str1 + '1'
            lcd.setText(self.str1)
    def func_button2(self):
        if self.flag == '1':
            self.str2 = self.str2 + '2'
            lcd.setText(self.str2)
        else:
            self.str1 = self.str1 + '2'
            lcd.setText(self.str1)
    def func_button3(self):
        if self.flag == '1':
            self.str2 = self.str2 + '3'
            lcd.setText(self.str2)
        else:
            self.str1 = self.str1 + '3'
            lcd.setText(self.str1)
    def func_button0(self):
        if self.flag == '1':
            self.str2 = self.str2 + '0'
            lcd.setText(self.str2)
        else:
            self.str1 = self.str1 + '0'
            lcd.setText(self.str1)
    #运算符处理函数
    def func_buttonAdd(self):
        lcd.setText(self.str2)
        self.flag = '1'
        self.calFlag = '1'
    def func_buttonDec(self):
        lcd.setText(self.str2)
        self.flag = '1'
        self.calFlag = '2'
    def func_buttonMul(self):
        lcd.setText(self.str2)
        self.flag = '1'
        self.calFlag = '3'
    def func_buttonChu(self):
        lcd.setText(self.str2)
        self.flag = '1'
        self.calFlag = '4'
    def func_buttonEqual(self):
        #字符串先转换为数字，计算结果后再转换为字符串
        if self.calFlag == '1':
            num = str(int(self.str1) + int(self.str2))
        elif self.calFlag == '2':
            num = str(int(self.str1) - int(self.str2))
        elif self.calFlag == '3':
            num = str(int(self.str1) * int(self.str2))
        elif self.calFlag == '4':
             num = str(int(self.str1) / int(self.str2))
        else:
            self.calFlag = '0'
        lcd.setText(num)
    def func_buttonClear(self):
        self.str1 = ''
        self.str2 = ''
        lcd.setText('')
        self.flag = '0'

if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    myapp = UI_form()
    myapp.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

计算器

5.类的封装【简版】

类的封装【简版】

6、处理json中的数据

#json string:
import json

s = json.loads('{"name":"test", "type":{"name":"seq", "parameter":["1", "2"]}}')
print (s.keys())
print (s["name"])
print (s["type"]["name"])
print (s["type"]["parameter"][1])

loads处理Json字符串，取出值