Swift - 文件,文件夹操作大全
ios开发经常会遇到读文件,写文件等,对文件和文件夹的操作,这时就可以使用NSFileManager,NSFileHandle等类来实现。
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//假设用户文档下有如下文件和文件夹[test1.txt,fold1/test2.txt] let manager = NSFileManager .defaultManager() let urlForDocument = manager. URLsForDirectory ( NSSearchPathDirectory . DocumentDirectory , inDomains: NSSearchPathDomainMask . UserDomainMask ) let url = urlForDocument[0] as NSURL var error: NSErrorPointer = nil //(1)对指定路径执行浅搜索,返回指定目录路径下的文件、子目录及符号链接的列表 let contentsOfPath = manager.contentsOfDirectoryAtPath(url.path!, error: error) //contentsOfPath:Optional([fold1, test1.txt]) println ( "contentsOfPath: \(contentsOfPath)" ) //(2)类似上面的,对指定路径执行浅搜索,返回指定目录路径下的文件、子目录及符号链接的列表 let contentsOfURL = manager.contentsOfDirectoryAtURL(url, includingPropertiesForKeys: nil , options: NSDirectoryEnumerationOptions . SkipsHiddenFiles , error: error); //contentsOfURL:Optional([file://Users/.../Application/.../Documents/fold1/, println ( "contentsOfURL: \(contentsOfURL)" ) //(3)深度遍历,会递归遍历子文件夹(但不会递归符号链接) let enumeratorAtPath = manager.enumeratorAtPath(url.path!) //enumeratorAtPath:Optional([fold1, fold1/test2.txt, test1.txt]) println ( "enumeratorAtPath: \(enumeratorAtPath?.allObjects)" ) //(4)类似上面的,深度遍历,会递归遍历子文件夹(但不会递归符号链接) let enumeratorAtURL = manager.enumeratorAtURL(url, includingPropertiesForKeys: nil , options: NSDirectoryEnumerationOptions . SkipsHiddenFiles , errorHandler: nil ) //contentsOfURL:Optional([file://Users/.../Application/.../Documents/fold1/, println ( "enumeratorAtURL: \(enumeratorAtURL?.allObjects)" ) //(5)深度遍历,会递归遍历子文件夹(包括符号链接,所以要求性能的话用enumeratorAtPath) let subPaths = manager.subpathsAtPath(url.path!) //subPaths:Optional([fold1, fold1/test2.txt, test1.txt]) println ( "subPaths: \(subPaths)" ) |
2,判断文件或文件夹是否存在
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let fileManager = NSFileManager .defaultManager() let filePath: String = NSHomeDirectory () + "/Documents/hangge.txt" var exist = fileManager.fileExistsAtPath(filePath) |
3,创建文件夹
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let myDirectory: String = NSHomeDirectory () + "/Documents/myFolder/Files" let fileManager = NSFileManager .defaultManager() var error: NSErrorPointer = nil //withIntermediateDirectories为ture表示路径中间如果有不存在的文件夹都会创建 var isSuccess: Bool = fileManager.createDirectoryAtPath(myDirectory, withIntermediateDirectories: true , attributes: nil , error: error) |
方式2:
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func createFolder(name: String ,baseUrl: NSURL ){ let manager = NSFileManager .defaultManager() var error: NSErrorPointer = nil let folder = baseUrl. URLByAppendingPathComponent (name, isDirectory: true ) println ( "文件夹: \(folder)" ) let exist = manager.fileExistsAtPath(folder.path!) if !exist { let createSuccess = manager.createDirectoryAtURL(folder, withIntermediateDirectories: true , attributes: nil , error: error) println ( "文件夹创建结果: \(createSuccess)" ) } } //在文档目录下新建folder目录 let manager = NSFileManager .defaultManager() let urlForDocument = manager. URLsForDirectory ( NSSearchPathDirectory . DocumentDirectory , inDomains: NSSearchPathDomainMask . UserDomainMask ) let url = urlForDocument[0] as NSURL var error: NSErrorPointer = nil createFolder( "folder" , baseUrl: url) |
4,将对象写入文件
可以通过writeToFile方法,可以创建文件并将对象写入,对象包括String,NSString,UIImage,NSArray,NSDictionary等。
(1)把String保存到文件
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let filePath: String = NSHomeDirectory () + "/Documents/hangge.txt" var error: NSErrorPointer = nil var info = "欢迎来到hange.com" info.writeToFile(filePath, atomically: true , encoding: NSUTF8StringEncoding , error: error) |
(2)把图片保存到文件路径下
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let filePath: String = NSHomeDirectory () + "/Documents/hangge.png" var image = UIImage (named: "apple.png" ) var data: NSData = UIImagePNGRepresentation (image) data.writeToFile(filePath, atomically: true ) |
(3)把NSArray保存到文件路径下
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var array = NSArray (objects: "aaa" , "bbb" , "ccc" ) let filePath: String = NSHomeDirectory () + "/Documents/array.plist" array.writeToFile(filePath, atomically: true ) |
(4)把NSDictionary保存到文件路径下
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var dictionary = NSDictionary (objects: [ "111" , "222" ], forKeys: [ "aaa" , "bbb" ]) let filePath: String = NSHomeDirectory () + "/Documents/dictionary.plist" dictionary.writeToFile(filePath, atomically: true ) |
5,创建文件
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func createFile(name: String ,fileBaseUrl: NSURL ){ let manager = NSFileManager .defaultManager() var error: NSErrorPointer = nil let file = fileBaseUrl. URLByAppendingPathComponent (name) println ( "文件: \(file)" ) let exist = manager.fileExistsAtPath(file.path!) if !exist { let data = NSData (base64EncodedString: "aGVsbG8gd29ybGQ=" ,options:. IgnoreUnknownCharacters ) let createSuccess = manager.createFileAtPath(file.path!,contents:data,attributes: nil ) println ( "文件创建结果: \(createSuccess)" ) } } //在文档目录下新建test.txt文件 let manager = NSFileManager .defaultManager() let urlForDocument = manager. URLsForDirectory ( NSSearchPathDirectory . DocumentDirectory , inDomains: NSSearchPathDomainMask . UserDomainMask ) let url = urlForDocument[0] as NSURL var error: NSErrorPointer = nil createFile( "test.txt" , fileBaseUrl: url) //createFile("folder/new.txt", fileBaseUrl: url) |
6,复制文件
(1)方法1
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let fileManager = NSFileManager .defaultManager() let homeDirectory = NSHomeDirectory () var error: NSErrorPointer = nil let srcUrl = homeDirectory + "/Documents/hangge.txt" let toUrl = homeDirectory + "/Documents/copyed.txt" fileManager.copyItemAtPath(srcUrl, toPath: toUrl, error: error) |
(2)方法2
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// 定位到用户文档目录 let manager = NSFileManager .defaultManager() let urlForDocument = manager. URLsForDirectory ( NSSearchPathDirectory . DocumentDirectory , inDomains: NSSearchPathDomainMask . UserDomainMask ) let url = urlForDocument[0] as NSURL var error: NSErrorPointer = nil let contentsOfURL = manager.contentsOfDirectoryAtURL(url, includingPropertiesForKeys: nil , options: NSDirectoryEnumerationOptions . SkipsHiddenFiles , error: error); // 将test.txt文件拷贝到文档目录根目录下的copyed.txt文件 let srcUrl = url. URLByAppendingPathComponent ( "test.txt" ) let toUrl = url. URLByAppendingPathComponent ( "copyed.txt" ) let copyItemSuccess = manager.copyItemAtURL(srcUrl, toURL: toUrl, error: error) println ( "复制结果: \(copyItemSuccess)" ) |
7,移动文件
(1)方法1
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let fileManager = NSFileManager .defaultManager() let homeDirectory = NSHomeDirectory () var error: NSErrorPointer = nil let srcUrl = homeDirectory + "/Documents/hangge.txt" let toUrl = homeDirectory + "/Documents/moved" fileManager.moveItemAtPath(srcUrl, toPath: toUrl, error: error) |
(2)方法2
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// 定位到用户文档目录 let manager = NSFileManager .defaultManager() let urlForDocument = manager. URLsForDirectory ( NSSearchPathDirectory . DocumentDirectory , inDomains: NSSearchPathDomainMask . UserDomainMask ) let url = urlForDocument[0] as NSURL var error: NSErrorPointer = nil let contentsOfURL = manager.contentsOfDirectoryAtURL(url, includingPropertiesForKeys: nil , options: NSDirectoryEnumerationOptions . SkipsHiddenFiles , error: error); let srcUrl = url. URLByAppendingPathComponent ( "test.txt" ) let toUrl = url. URLByAppendingPathComponent ( "copyed.txt" ) // 移动srcUrl中的文件(test.txt)到toUrl中(copyed.txt) let moveItemSuccess = manager.moveItemAtURL(srcUrl, toURL: toUrl, error: error) |
8,删除文件
(1)方法1
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let fileManager = NSFileManager .defaultManager() let homeDirectory = NSHomeDirectory () var error: NSErrorPointer = nil let srcUrl = homeDirectory + "/Documents/hangge.txt" fileManager.removeItemAtPath(srcUrl, error: error) |
(2)方法2
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// 定位到用户文档目录 let manager = NSFileManager .defaultManager() let urlForDocument = manager. URLsForDirectory ( NSSearchPathDirectory . DocumentDirectory , inDomains: NSSearchPathDomainMask . UserDomainMask ) let url = urlForDocument[0] as NSURL var error: NSErrorPointer = nil let contentsOfURL = manager.contentsOfDirectoryAtURL(url, includingPropertiesForKeys: nil , options: NSDirectoryEnumerationOptions . SkipsHiddenFiles , error: error); let toUrl = url. URLByAppendingPathComponent ( "copyed.txt" ) // 删除文档根目录下的toUrl路径的文件(copyed.txt文件) let removeItemSuccess = manager.removeItemAtURL(toUrl, error: error) println ( "删除结果: \(removeItemSuccess)" ) |
9,删除目录下所有的文件
(1)方法1:获取所有文件,然后遍历删除
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let fileManager = NSFileManager .defaultManager() var error: NSErrorPointer = nil var myDirectory = NSHomeDirectory () + "/Documents/Files" var fileArray:[ AnyObject ]? = fileManager.subpathsAtPath(myDirectory) for fn in fileArray!{ fileManager.removeItemAtPath(myDirectory + "/\(fn)" , error: error) } |
(2)方法2:删除目录后重新创建该目录
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let fileManager = NSFileManager .defaultManager() var error: NSErrorPointer = nil var myDirectory = NSHomeDirectory () + "/Documents/Files" fileManager.removeItemAtPath(myDirectory, error: error) fileManager.createDirectoryAtPath(myDirectory, withIntermediateDirectories: true , attributes: nil , error: error) |
10,读取文件
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let manager = NSFileManager .defaultManager() let urlsForDocDirectory = manager. URLsForDirectory ( NSSearchPathDirectory . DocumentDirectory , inDomains: NSSearchPathDomainMask . UserDomainMask ) let docPath: NSURL = urlsForDocDirectory[0] as NSURL let file = docPath. URLByAppendingPathComponent ( "test.txt" ) //方法1 var readHandler = NSFileHandle (forReadingFromURL:file,error: nil )! var data = readHandler.readDataToEndOfFile() var readString = NSString (data: data, encoding: NSUTF8StringEncoding ) println ( "文件内容: \(readString)" ) //方法2 let data = manager.contentsAtPath(file.path!) var readString = NSString (data: data, encoding: NSUTF8StringEncoding ) println ( "文件内容: \(readString)" ) |
11,在任意位置写入数据
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let string = "添加一些文字到文件末尾" let appendedData = string.dataUsingEncoding( NSUTF8StringEncoding , allowLossyConversion: true ) let writeHandler = NSFileHandle (forWritingToURL:file,error: nil )! writeHandler.seekToEndOfFile() writeHandler.writeData(appendedData!) |
12,文件权限判断
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let manager = NSFileManager .defaultManager() let urlsForDocDirectory = manager. URLsForDirectory ( NSSearchPathDirectory . DocumentDirectory , inDomains: NSSearchPathDomainMask . UserDomainMask ) let docPath: NSURL = urlsForDocDirectory[0] as NSURL let file = docPath. URLByAppendingPathComponent ( "test.txt" ) let readable = manager.isReadableFileAtPath(file.path!) println ( "可读: \(readable)" ) let writeable = manager.isWritableFileAtPath(file.path!) println ( "可写: \(writeable)" ) let executable = manager.isExecutableFileAtPath(file.path!) println ( "可执行: \(executable)" ) let deleteable = manager.isDeletableFileAtPath(file.path!) println ( "可删除: \(deleteable)" ) |
13,获取文件属性(创建时间,修改时间,文件大小,文件类型等信息)
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let manager = NSFileManager .defaultManager() let urlsForDocDirectory = manager. URLsForDirectory ( NSSearchPathDirectory . DocumentDirectory , inDomains: NSSearchPathDomainMask . UserDomainMask ) let docPath: NSURL = urlsForDocDirectory[0] as NSURL let file = docPath. URLByAppendingPathComponent ( "test.txt" ) let attributes = manager.attributesOfItemAtPath(file.path!,error: nil ) //结果为AnyObject类型 println ( "attributes: \(attributes!)" ) |
14,文件/文件夹比较
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let manager = NSFileManager .defaultManager() let urlsForDocDirectory = manager. URLsForDirectory ( NSSearchPathDirectory . DocumentDirectory , inDomains: NSSearchPathDomainMask . UserDomainMask ) let docPath: NSURL = urlsForDocDirectory[0] as NSURL let contents = manager.contentsOfDirectoryAtPath(docPath.path!,error: nil )! //下面比较前面两个文件是否内容相同(该方法也可以用来比较目录) let count = contents.count if count > 1 { let path1 = docPath.path! + "/" + (contents[0] as String ) let path2 = docPath.path! + "/" + (contents[1] as String ) let equal = manager.contentsEqualAtPath(path1,andPath:path2) println ( "比较结果: \(equal)" ) } |
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实在是太棒了,感谢这位网友: http://download.csdn.net/detail/tgyd6800/9632351