SpringMVC基本使用步骤
使用Spring MVC,第一步就是使用Spring提供的前置控制器,即Servlet的实现类DispatcherServlet拦截url:org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet;
拦截匹配的请求,Servlet拦截匹配规则要自已定义,把拦截下来的请求,依据某某规则分发到目标Controller来处理;
创建一个SpringMVC项目,使用MyEclipse:
1)创建web项目;
2)添加spring相关jar包,不需要格外导入其他的jar包,创建application.xml配置文件;
3)在web.xml上配置DispatcherServlet选项,并指明初始化参数位置为application.xml;
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="2.5"
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd">
<servlet>
<servlet-name>xxx</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>xxx</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
</web-app>
4)在application.xml中配置扫描器context,扫描包中类的所有注解,进行自动装配;配置视图解析器InternalResourceViewResolver;
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans
xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.1.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.1.xsd
"> <!-- 扫描器:扫描包中的所有的注解 进行自动装配 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.it"/>
<!-- 视图解析器 -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" p:prefix="/" p:suffix=".jsp"/> </beans>
5)创建实体类javabean;
package com.it.entity; /**
* 登陆账户实体类
*/
public class Account {
private int id;
private String cardNo;
private String pwd;
private int balance;
private String nickName; public Account() {
super();
} public Account(int id, String cardNo, String pwd, int balance,
String nickName) {
super();
this.id = id;
this.cardNo = cardNo;
this.pwd = pwd;
this.balance = balance;
this.nickName = nickName;
} public int getId() {
return id;
} public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
} public String getCardNo() {
return cardNo;
} public void setCardNo(String cardNo) {
this.cardNo = cardNo;
} public String getPwd() {
return pwd;
} public void setPwd(String pwd) {
this.pwd = pwd;
} public int getBalance() {
return balance;
} public void setBalance(int balance) {
this.balance = balance;
} public String getNickName() {
return nickName;
} public void setNickName(String nickName) {
this.nickName = nickName;
} }
6)创建controller类并进行注解配置(@Controller,@RequestMaping);
LoginController.java
package com.it.controller; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.ModelMap;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.SessionAttributes; import com.it.entity.Account; /**
* 登陆后端控制器
*/
@Controller
// Session范围 将acc存入到session中
@SessionAttributes(value = "acc")
public class LoginController {
// 页面和方法参数一一对应
@RequestMapping(value = "login.do")
// Modelmap参数携带者
public String login(String textName, String textPwd, ModelMap map) {
// 模拟登陆
if ("tom".equals(textName) && "123".equals(textPwd)) {
Account acc = new Account(1001, textName, textPwd, 1000, "游泳的鸟");
map.put("acc", acc);
// 重定向
return "redirect:/list.do";
}
map.put("msg", "登录失败。。。");
return "login";
} // 页面参数和方法参数不一致时,需要requeparam转换
@RequestMapping(value = "login2.do")
public String login2(@RequestParam("name") String textName,@RequestParam("pwd") String textPwd, ModelMap map) {
// 模拟登陆
if ("tom".equals(textName) && "123".equals(textPwd)) {
Account acc = new Account(1001, textName, textPwd, 1000, "游泳的鸟");
map.put("acc", acc);
// 转向list.jsp
return "list";
}
map.put("msg", "登录失败。。。");
// 转向login.jsp
return "login";
} // 使用实体类参数
@RequestMapping(value = "login3.do", method = RequestMethod.POST)
public String login3(Account a, ModelMap map) {
// 模拟登陆
if ("tom".equals(a.getCardNo()) && "123".equals(a.getPwd())) {
Account acc = new Account(1001, a.getCardNo(), a.getPwd(), 1000,
"游泳的鸟");
map.put("acc", acc);
return "list";
}
map.put("msg", "登录失败。。。");
return "login";
} }
ListController.java
package com.it.controller; import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.ModelMap;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.SessionAttributes; import com.it.entity.Account; @Controller
@SessionAttributes(value = "ls")
public class ListController { @RequestMapping(value = "list.do")
public String list(ModelMap map) {
List<Account> ls = new ArrayList<Account>();
ls.add(new Account(1001, "tom", "123", 1000, "会飞的鱼"));
ls.add(new Account(1002, "tony", "111", 1500, "会游泳的鸟"));
ls.add(new Account(1003, "jack", "000", 2000, "开飞机的乌龟"));
map.put("ls", ls);
return "list";
}
}
7)创建jsp页面,页面上的数据使用EL表达式来显示;
login.jsp
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme() + "://"
+ request.getServerName() + ":" + request.getServerPort()
+ path + "/";
%> <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<base href="<%=basePath%>"> <title>My JSP 'index.jsp' starting page</title>
<meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">
<meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
<meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">
<!--
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
-->
</head> <body>
<form action="login.do" method="post">
<input name="textName" /> <input name="textPwd" /> <input
type="submit" value="登陆...">
</form>
<span style="color: red;">${msg }</span>
</body>
</html>
login2.jsp
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme() + "://"
+ request.getServerName() + ":" + request.getServerPort()
+ path + "/";
%> <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<base href="<%=basePath%>"> <title>My JSP 'index.jsp' starting page</title>
<meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">
<meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
<meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">
<!--
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
-->
</head> <body>
<form action="login2.do" method="post">
<input name="name" /> <input name="pwd" /> <input
type="submit" value="登陆...">
</form>
<span style="color: red;">${msg }</span>
</body>
</html>
login3.jsp
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme() + "://"
+ request.getServerName() + ":" + request.getServerPort()
+ path + "/";
%> <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<base href="<%=basePath%>"> <title>My JSP 'index.jsp' starting page</title>
<meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">
<meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
<meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">
<!--
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
-->
</head> <body>
<form action="login3.do" method="post">
<input name="cardNo" /> <input name="pwd" /> <input
type="submit" value="登陆...">
</form>
<span style="color: red;">${msg }</span>
</body>
</html>
list.jsp
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme() + "://"
+ request.getServerName() + ":" + request.getServerPort()
+ path + "/";
%>
<%@taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c" %> <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<base href="<%=basePath%>"> <title>My JSP 'index.jsp' starting page</title>
<meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">
<meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
<meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">
<!--
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
-->
</head> <body>
<center>
<h1>欢迎你,${sessionScope.acc.nickName }</h1>
</center>
<table align="center" border="1px;" width="40%">
<tr align="center">
<td>序号</td>
<td>账号</td>
<td>密码</td>
<td>余额</td>
<td>昵称</td>
<td>操作</td>
</tr>
<c:forEach var="acc" items="${ls }">
<tr align="center">
<td>${acc.id }</td>
<td>${acc.cardNo }</td>
<td>${acc.pwd }</td>
<td>${acc.balance }</td>
<td>${acc.nickName }</td>
<td>
<a href="#">删除</a>
<a href="#">修改</a>
</td>
</tr>
</c:forEach>
</table>
</body>
</html>
8)配置服务器即可测试。
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