SpringMVC基本使用步骤

使用Spring MVC，第一步就是使用Spring提供的前置控制器，即Servlet的实现类DispatcherServlet拦截url：org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet；

拦截匹配的请求，Servlet拦截匹配规则要自已定义，把拦截下来的请求，依据某某规则分发到目标Controller来处理；

创建一个SpringMVC项目，使用MyEclipse：

1）创建web项目；

2）添加spring相关jar包，不需要格外导入其他的jar包，创建application.xml配置文件；

3）在web.xml上配置DispatcherServlet选项，并指明初始化参数位置为application.xml；

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="2.5"
	xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
	http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd">
  <servlet>
  	<servlet-name>xxx</servlet-name>
  	<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
  	<init-param>
  		<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
  		<param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
  	</init-param>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
  	<servlet-name>xxx</servlet-name>
  	<url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
  <welcome-file-list>
    <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
  </welcome-file-list>
</web-app>

4）在application.xml中配置扫描器context,扫描包中类的所有注解，进行自动装配；配置视图解析器InternalResourceViewResolver;

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans
	xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
	xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
	xsi:schemaLocation="
	http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
	http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.1.xsd
	http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
	http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.1.xsd
	">
 
	<!-- 扫描器：扫描包中的所有的注解 进行自动装配 -->
	<context:component-scan base-package="com.it"/>
	<!-- 视图解析器 -->
	<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" p:prefix="/" p:suffix=".jsp"/>
 
</beans>

5）创建实体类javabean；

package com.it.entity;
 
/**
 * 登陆账户实体类
 */
public class Account {
	private int id;
	private String cardNo;
	private String pwd;
	private int balance;
	private String nickName;
 
	public Account() {
		super();
	}
 
	public Account(int id, String cardNo, String pwd, int balance,
			String nickName) {
		super();
		this.id = id;
		this.cardNo = cardNo;
		this.pwd = pwd;
		this.balance = balance;
		this.nickName = nickName;
	}
 
	public int getId() {
		return id;
	}
 
	public void setId(int id) {
		this.id = id;
	}
 
	public String getCardNo() {
		return cardNo;
	}
 
	public void setCardNo(String cardNo) {
		this.cardNo = cardNo;
	}
 
	public String getPwd() {
		return pwd;
	}
 
	public void setPwd(String pwd) {
		this.pwd = pwd;
	}
 
	public int getBalance() {
		return balance;
	}
 
	public void setBalance(int balance) {
		this.balance = balance;
	}
 
	public String getNickName() {
		return nickName;
	}
 
	public void setNickName(String nickName) {
		this.nickName = nickName;
	}
 
}

6）创建controller类并进行注解配置（@Controller,@RequestMaping）；

LoginController.java

package com.it.controller;
 
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.ModelMap;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.SessionAttributes;
 
import com.it.entity.Account;
 
/**
 * 登陆后端控制器
 */
@Controller
// Session范围 将acc存入到session中
@SessionAttributes(value = "acc")
public class LoginController {
	// 页面和方法参数一一对应
	@RequestMapping(value = "login.do")
	// Modelmap参数携带者
	public String login(String textName, String textPwd, ModelMap map) {
		// 模拟登陆
		if ("tom".equals(textName) && "123".equals(textPwd)) {
			Account acc = new Account(1001, textName, textPwd, 1000, "游泳的鸟");
			map.put("acc", acc);
			// 重定向
			return "redirect:/list.do";
		}
		map.put("msg", "登录失败。。。");
		return "login";
	}
 
	// 页面参数和方法参数不一致时，需要requeparam转换
	@RequestMapping(value = "login2.do")
	public String login2(@RequestParam("name") String textName,@RequestParam("pwd") String textPwd, ModelMap map) {
		// 模拟登陆
		if ("tom".equals(textName) && "123".equals(textPwd)) {
			Account acc = new Account(1001, textName, textPwd, 1000, "游泳的鸟");
			map.put("acc", acc);
			// 转向list.jsp
			return "list";
		}
		map.put("msg", "登录失败。。。");
		// 转向login.jsp
		return "login";
	}
 
	// 使用实体类参数
	@RequestMapping(value = "login3.do", method = RequestMethod.POST)
	public String login3(Account a, ModelMap map) {
		// 模拟登陆
		if ("tom".equals(a.getCardNo()) && "123".equals(a.getPwd())) {
			Account acc = new Account(1001, a.getCardNo(), a.getPwd(), 1000,
					"游泳的鸟");
			map.put("acc", acc);
			return "list";
		}
		map.put("msg", "登录失败。。。");
		return "login";
	}
 
}

ListController.java

package com.it.controller;
 
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
 
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.ModelMap;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.SessionAttributes;
 
import com.it.entity.Account;
 
@Controller
@SessionAttributes(value = "ls")
public class ListController {
 
	@RequestMapping(value = "list.do")
	public String list(ModelMap map) {
		List<Account> ls = new ArrayList<Account>();
		ls.add(new Account(1001, "tom", "123", 1000, "会飞的鱼"));
		ls.add(new Account(1002, "tony", "111", 1500, "会游泳的鸟"));
		ls.add(new Account(1003, "jack", "000", 2000, "开飞机的乌龟"));
		map.put("ls", ls);
		return "list";
	}
}

7）创建jsp页面，页面上的数据使用EL表达式来显示；

login.jsp

<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%
	String path = request.getContextPath();
	String basePath = request.getScheme() + "://"
			+ request.getServerName() + ":" + request.getServerPort()
			+ path + "/";
%>
 
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<base href="<%=basePath%>">
 
<title>My JSP 'index.jsp' starting page</title>
<meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">
<meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
<meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">
<!--
	<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
	-->
</head>
 
<body>
	<form action="login.do" method="post">
		<input name="textName" /> <input name="textPwd" /> <input
			type="submit" value="登陆...">
	</form>
	<span style="color: red;">${msg }</span>
</body>
</html>

login2.jsp

<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%
	String path = request.getContextPath();
	String basePath = request.getScheme() + "://"
			+ request.getServerName() + ":" + request.getServerPort()
			+ path + "/";
%>
 
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<base href="<%=basePath%>">
 
<title>My JSP 'index.jsp' starting page</title>
<meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">
<meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
<meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">
<!--
	<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
	-->
</head>
 
<body>
	<form action="login2.do" method="post">
		<input name="name" /> <input name="pwd" /> <input
			type="submit" value="登陆...">
	</form>
	<span style="color: red;">${msg }</span>
</body>
</html>

login3.jsp

<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%
	String path = request.getContextPath();
	String basePath = request.getScheme() + "://"
			+ request.getServerName() + ":" + request.getServerPort()
			+ path + "/";
%>
 
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<base href="<%=basePath%>">
 
<title>My JSP 'index.jsp' starting page</title>
<meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">
<meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
<meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">
<!--
	<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
	-->
</head>
 
<body>
	<form action="login3.do" method="post">
		<input name="cardNo" /> <input name="pwd" /> <input
			type="submit" value="登陆...">
	</form>
	<span style="color: red;">${msg }</span>
</body>
</html>

list.jsp

<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%
	String path = request.getContextPath();
	String basePath = request.getScheme() + "://"
			+ request.getServerName() + ":" + request.getServerPort()
			+ path + "/";
%>
<%@taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c" %>
 
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<base href="<%=basePath%>">
 
<title>My JSP 'index.jsp' starting page</title>
<meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">
<meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
<meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">
<!--
	<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
	-->
</head>
 
<body>
<center>
	<h1>欢迎你，${sessionScope.acc.nickName }</h1>
</center>
<table align="center" border="1px;" width="40%">
	<tr align="center">
		<td>序号</td>
		<td>账号</td>
		<td>密码</td>
		<td>余额</td>
		<td>昵称</td>
		<td>操作</td>
	</tr>
	<c:forEach var="acc" items="${ls }">
		<tr align="center">
			<td>${acc.id }</td>
			<td>${acc.cardNo }</td>
			<td>${acc.pwd }</td>
			<td>${acc.balance }</td>
			<td>${acc.nickName }</td>
			<td>
				<a href="#">删除</a>
				<a href="#">修改</a>
			</td>
		</tr>
	</c:forEach>
</table>
</body>
</html>

8）配置服务器即可测试。