Tutorial 6: ViewSets & Routers
转载自:http://www.django-rest-framework.org/tutorial/6-viewsets-and-routers/
Tutorial 6: ViewSets & Routers
REST framework includes an abstraction for dealing with ViewSets
, that allows the developer to concentrate on modeling the state and interactions of the API, and leave the URL construction to be handled automatically, based on common conventions.
ViewSet
classes are almost the same thing as View
classes, except that they provide operations such as read
, or update
, and not method handlers such as get
or put
.
A ViewSet
class is only bound to a set of method handlers at the last moment, when it is instantiated into a set of views, typically by using a Router
class which handles the complexities of defining the URL conf for you.
Refactoring to use ViewSets
Let's take our current set of views, and refactor them into view sets.
First of all let's refactor our UserList
and UserDetail
views into a single UserViewSet
. We can remove the two views, and replace them with a single class:
from rest_framework import viewsets
class UserViewSet(viewsets.ReadOnlyModelViewSet):
"""
This viewset automatically provides `list` and `detail` actions.
"""
queryset = User.objects.all()
serializer_class = UserSerializer
Here we've used the ReadOnlyModelViewSet
class to automatically provide the default 'read-only' operations. We're still setting the queryset
and serializer_class
attributes exactly as we did when we were using regular views, but we no longer need to provide the same information to two separate classes.
Next we're going to replace the SnippetList
, SnippetDetail
and SnippetHighlight
view classes. We can remove the three views, and again replace them with a single class.
from rest_framework.decorators import detail_route
from rest_framework.response import Response
class SnippetViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
"""
This viewset automatically provides `list`, `create`, `retrieve`,
`update` and `destroy` actions.
Additionally we also provide an extra `highlight` action.
"""
queryset = Snippet.objects.all()
serializer_class = SnippetSerializer
permission_classes = (permissions.IsAuthenticatedOrReadOnly,
IsOwnerOrReadOnly,)
@detail_route(renderer_classes=[renderers.StaticHTMLRenderer])
def highlight(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
snippet = self.get_object()
return Response(snippet.highlighted)
def perform_create(self, serializer):
serializer.save(owner=self.request.user)
This time we've used the ModelViewSet
class in order to get the complete set of default read and write operations.
Notice that we've also used the @detail_route
decorator to create a custom action, named highlight
. This decorator can be used to add any custom endpoints that don't fit into the standard create
/update
/delete
style.
Custom actions which use the @detail_route
decorator will respond to GET
requests by default. We can use the methods
argument if we wanted an action that responded to POST
requests.
The URLs for custom actions by default depend on the method name itself. If you want to change the way url should be constructed, you can include url_path as a decorator keyword argument.
Binding ViewSets to URLs explicitly
The handler methods only get bound to the actions when we define the URLConf. To see what's going on under the hood let's first explicitly create a set of views from our ViewSets.
In the urls.py
file we bind our ViewSet
classes into a set of concrete views.
from snippets.views import SnippetViewSet, UserViewSet, api_root
from rest_framework import renderers
snippet_list = SnippetViewSet.as_view({
'get': 'list',
'post': 'create'
})
snippet_detail = SnippetViewSet.as_view({
'get': 'retrieve',
'put': 'update',
'patch': 'partial_update',
'delete': 'destroy'
})
snippet_highlight = SnippetViewSet.as_view({
'get': 'highlight'
}, renderer_classes=[renderers.StaticHTMLRenderer])
user_list = UserViewSet.as_view({
'get': 'list'
})
user_detail = UserViewSet.as_view({
'get': 'retrieve'
})
Notice how we're creating multiple views from each ViewSet
class, by binding the http methods to the required action for each view.
Now that we've bound our resources into concrete views, we can register the views with the URL conf as usual.
urlpatterns = format_suffix_patterns([
url(r'^$', api_root),
url(r'^snippets/$', snippet_list, name='snippet-list'),
url(r'^snippets/(?P<pk>[0-9]+)/$', snippet_detail, name='snippet-detail'),
url(r'^snippets/(?P<pk>[0-9]+)/highlight/$', snippet_highlight, name='snippet-highlight'),
url(r'^users/$', user_list, name='user-list'),
url(r'^users/(?P<pk>[0-9]+)/$', user_detail, name='user-detail')
])
Using Routers
Because we're using ViewSet
classes rather than View
classes, we actually don't need to design the URL conf ourselves. The conventions for wiring up resources into views and urls can be handled automatically, using a Router
class. All we need to do is register the appropriate view sets with a router, and let it do the rest.
Here's our re-wired urls.py
file.
from django.conf.urls import url, include
from snippets import views
from rest_framework.routers import DefaultRouter
# Create a router and register our viewsets with it.
router = DefaultRouter()
router.register(r'snippets', views.SnippetViewSet)
router.register(r'users', views.UserViewSet)
# The API URLs are now determined automatically by the router.
# Additionally, we include the login URLs for the browsable API.
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^', include(router.urls)),
url(r'^api-auth/', include('rest_framework.urls', namespace='rest_framework'))
]
Registering the viewsets with the router is similar to providing a urlpattern. We include two arguments - the URL prefix for the views, and the viewset itself.
The DefaultRouter
class we're using also automatically creates the API root view for us, so we can now delete the api_root
method from our views
module.
Trade-offs between views vs viewsets
Using viewsets can be a really useful abstraction. It helps ensure that URL conventions will be consistent across your API, minimizes the amount of code you need to write, and allows you to concentrate on the interactions and representations your API provides rather than the specifics of the URL conf.
That doesn't mean it's always the right approach to take. There's a similar set of trade-offs to consider as when using class-based views instead of function based views. Using viewsets is less explicit than building your views individually.
In part 7 of the tutorial we'll look at how we can add an API schema, and interact with our API using a client library or command line tool.
Tutorial 6: ViewSets & Routers的更多相关文章
- 06_Tutorial 6: ViewSets & Routers 视图集与路由器
1.Tutorial 6: ViewSets & Routers 视图集与路由器 0.文档 https://q1mi.github.io/Django-REST-framework-docum ...
- django rest framework ViewSets & Routers
Using viewsets views.py from rest_framework import viewsets from rest_framework import mixins from r ...
- Django REST framework 第六章 ViewSets & Routers
REST framework包含了一个可以处理ViewSets的抽象, 它允许开发人员专注于API的状态跟交互进行建模,并使得URL构建结构基于通用的约定自动处理. ViewSet类跟View类几乎相 ...
- djangorestframework学习1-通过HyperlinkedModelSerializer,ModelViewSet,routers编写第一个接口
前提首先安装了django,安装方式:pip install django 1. djangorestftamework安装: pip install djangorestframework 2. 创 ...
- django-rest-framework快速入门
前言:第一次接触django-rest-framework是在实习的时候.当时也不懂,看到视图用类方法写的感觉很牛逼的样子.因为官网是英文的,这对我的学习还是有一点的阻力的,所以当时也没怎么学.真是太 ...
- django rest framework 详解
Django REST framework 是用于构建Web API 的强大而灵活的工具包. 我们可能想使用REST框架的一些原因: Web浏览API对于开发人员来说是一个巨大的可用性. 认证策略包括 ...
- Django序列化&django REST framework
第一章.Django序列化操作 1.django的view实现商品列表页(基于View类) # 通过json来序列化,但手写字典key代码量较大,容易出错:还有遇到时间,图片序列化会报错 from g ...
- django restul webservice返回json数据
做这个demo的前提是你已经配好了python ,django ,djangorestframwork(在我的上一篇博客中有介绍,大家也可以google),mysql-python等. djangor ...
- django restful webservice返回json数据
做这个demo的前提是你已经配好了python ,django ,djangorestframwork(在我的上一篇博客中有介绍,大家也可以google),mysql-python等. djangor ...
随机推荐
- [您有新的未分配科技点]博弈论入门:被博弈论支配的恐惧(Nim游戏,SG函数)
今天初步学习了一下博弈论……感觉真的是好精妙啊……希望这篇博客可以帮助到和我一样刚学习博弈论的同学们. 博弈论,又被称为对策论,被用于考虑游戏中个体的预测行为和实际行为,并研究他们的应用策略.(其实这 ...
- [BZOJ1588][HNOI2002]营业额统计 无旋Treap
[HNOI2002]营业额统计 时间限制: 5 Sec 内存限制: 162 MB 题目描述 营业额统计 Tiger最近被公司升任为营业部经理,他上任后接受公司交给的第一项任务便是统计并分析公司成立以 ...
- 【BZOJ1014】火星人(Splay,哈希)
[BZOJ1014]火星人(Splay,哈希) 题面 BZOJ 题解 要动态维护这个串,一脸的平衡树. 那么用\(Splay\)维护这个哈希值就好了. 每次计算答案的时候二分+Splay计算区间哈希值 ...
- 信息收集利器——Nmap
环境:kali2.0 常用的Nmap命令总结: 1.扫描单个IP地址 nmap 192.168.56.1 2.扫描一个网络中IP地址范围 nmap 192.168.56.1-255 3.扫描目标主机的 ...
- 序列计数(count)
Portal -->broken qwq Description 给你一个长度为\(n\)的序列,序列中的每个数都是不超过\(m\)的正整数,求满足以下两个条件的序列数量: 1.序列中至 ...
- MDK5.13新建工程步骤
http://www.stmcu.org/module/forum/thread-600249-1-1.html 本人也是接触stm32没多久,之前用的MDK是5.1,现在用的是5.13,MDK5.0 ...
- Django summernote 富文本
Summernote is a simple WYSIWYG editor. GITHUB:https://github.com/summernote/django-summernote SETUP ...
- BNU-2017.7.5排位赛3总结
链接:https://www.bnuoj.com/v3/contest_show.php?cid=9148#info A题 满足条件的只有(1,2,4),(1,2,6),(1,3,6),所以先满足4, ...
- 中南多校对抗赛 第三场 B
B:Arithmetic Progressions 题意: 给你一个长度为n的序列,问你这个序列中长度最长的等差数列长度为多少 题解: 方法一:将数组从小到大排序,n方扫,枚举出公差d,然后二分找有多 ...
- bzoj 3209 bzoj1799 数位dp
3209: 花神的数论题 Time Limit: 10 Sec Memory Limit: 128 MBSubmit: 2267 Solved: 1040[Submit][Status][Disc ...