Map接口

Map接口

  • Map接口中键和值一一映射. 可以通过键来获取值。

  • 异常

    • NoSuchElementException:访问的值不存在
    • ClassCastException:对象类型错误
    • UnsupportedOperationException:尝试修改一个只读的Map
  • 常用方法

  • Entry是Map接口中提供的一个静态内部嵌套接口。简单来说Entry就是一个包含键和值的对象

    • getKey()方法:获取Entry对象中的键
    • getValue()方法:获取Entry对象中的值 
 public class MapDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//创建Map对象
Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<String,String>();
//给map中添加元素
map.put("邓超", "孙俪");
map.put("李晨", "范冰冰");
map.put("刘德华", "柳岩");
//获取Map中的所有key与value的对应关系
Set<Map.Entry<String,String>> entrySet = map.entrySet();
//遍历Set集合
Iterator<Map.Entry<String,String>> it =entrySet.iterator();
while(it.hasNext()){
//得到每一对对应关系
Map.Entry<String,String> entry = it.next();
//通过每一对对应关系获取对应的key
String key = entry.getKey();
//通过每一对对应关系获取对应的value
String value = entry.getValue();
System.out.println(key+"="+value);
}
}
}

HashMap<K,V>类

  • 存储数据采用的哈希表结构,元素的存取顺序不能保证一致。
  • 由于要保证键的唯一、不重复,需要重写键的hashCode()方法、equals()方法。
  • 非线程安全
  • 可以存null键、null值

LinkedHashMap<K,V>类

  • HashMap下有个子类LinkedHashMap,存储数据采用的哈希表结构+链表结构。
  • 通过链表结构可以保证元素的存取顺序一致
  • 通过哈希表结构可以保证的键的唯一、不重复,需要重写键的hashCode()方法、equals()方法。

Hashtable类

  • 与HashMap类似,但Hashtable不可以存null键null值
  • 线程安全,较HashMao效率较低

注意

  • Map接口中的集合都有两个泛型变量<K,V>,在使用时,要为两个泛型变量赋予数据类型。两个泛型变量<K,V>的数据类型可以相同,也可以不同。

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