Python3 From Zero——{最初的意识：008～初级实例演练}

一、构显国际橡棋８x８棋盘

#!/usr/bin/env python3
#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-
color_0="\033[41m \033[00m"
color_1="\033[46m \033[00m"
def line(a, b):
    for i in range(0,48):
        if ((i // 8)  % 2) == 0:
            print(a, end='')
        else:
            print(b, end='')
for x in range(0, 24):
    if ((x // 4) % 2) != 0:
        line(color_0, color_1)
    else:
        line(color_1, color_0)
    print('\n', end='')

二、求正整数平方根

#!/usr/bin/env python3
#-*- coding: utf-8 -*-
#Author: fanhui
num = input("Please input a number: ")
num_sqrt = round(float(num)**0.5, 4)
print(num, "'s sqrt is ", num_sqrt, sep='')

f@z ~ $ python3 num_sqrt.py
Please input a number: 10
10's sqrt is 3.1623

三、求负整数平方根

#!/usr/bin/python3
#-*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import cmath
num = input("Please input a negative num: ")
negative_sqrt = cmath.sqrt(float(num))
print(negative_sqrt)

f@z ~ $ python3 negative_sqrt.py
Please input a negative num: -4
2j

四、三角形面积——海轮公式：√s(s-a)(s-b)(s-c)，s=(a+b+c)*1/2，a、b、c分别为三角形三边长度

#!/usr/bin/env python3
#-*- coding: utf-8 -*-
#Author: fanhui
a = float(input("Please input the first length: "))
b = float(input("Please input the second length: "))
c = float(input("Please input the third length: "))
s = (a + b + c) / 2
area = (s * (s - a) * (s -b) * (s - c)) ** 0.5
print("The triangle's area is: {:,.4f}".format(area))

f@z ~ $ python3 triangle_area.py
Please input the first length: 444
Please input the second length: 444
Please input the third length: 444
The triangle's area is: 85,362.3920

五、摄时温度转华氏温度：(X * 1.8) + 32

f@z ~ $ cat temperature.py
#!/usr/bin/env python3
#-*- coding: utf-8 -*-
temperature = float(input("Please input a Celsius: "))
F = temperature * 1.8 + 32
print("F is: {:.2f}".format(F))

f@z ~ $ python3 temperature.py
Please input a Celsius: 22.4
F is: 72.32

六、判断年份是否为闰年：被４整除且不被１００整除，或能被４００整除

#!/usr/bin/python3
#-*- coding: utf-8 -*-
Year = int(input("Please input a Year number: "))
if (Year % 4 == 0 and Year % 100 != 0) or (Year % 400 == 0):
    print("Yes! It is a leap year.")
else:
    print("No! It is not a leap year.")

f@z ~ $ python3 leap_year.py
Please input a Year number: 2100
No! It is not a leap year.
f@z ~ $ python3 leap_year.py
Please input a Year number: 2000
Yes! It is a leap year.
f@z ~ $ python3 leap_year.py
Please input a Year number: 2016
Yes! It is a leap year.

七、判断素数（即：质数）

#!/usr/bin/env python3
#-*- coding: utf-8 -*-
num = int(input("Please input a Integer:"))
if num in [1, 2]:
    print("Not prime number!")
else:
    for x in range(2, num):
        if num % x == 0:
            print("Not prime number!")
            break
    else:
        print("Prime number!")

f@z ~/py_script $ python3 prime_number.py
Please input a Integer:1
Not prime number!
f@z ~/py_script $ python3 prime_number.py
Please input a Integer:2
Not prime number!
f@z ~/py_script $ python3 prime_number.py
Please input a Integer:3
Prime number!
f@z ~/py_script $ python3 prime_number.py
Please input a Integer:4
Not prime number!
f@z ~/py_script $ python3 prime_number.py
Please input a Integer:5
Prime number!
f@z ~/py_script $ python3 prime_number.py
Please input a Integer:6
Not prime number!

Prime Number

八、整数阶乘：正整数的阶乘等于小于或等于其自身的所有正整数的乘积；０的阶乘为１

#!/usr/bin/env python3
#-*- coding: utf-8 -*-
num = int(input("Please input a non-negative integer: "))
if num < 0:
    print("Sorry! Negative integer has no factorial.")
elif num == 0:
    print("0's factorial is 1")
else:
    factorial = 1
    for x in range(1, num + 1):
        factorial *= x
    print("{}'s factorial is {}".format(num, factorial))

f@z ~/py_script $ a factorial.py
Please input a non-negative integer: 0
0's factorial is 1
f@z ~/py_script $ a factorial.py
Please input a non-negative integer: -111
Sorry! Negative integer has no factorial.
f@z ~/py_script $ a factorial.py
Please input a non-negative integer: 3
3's factorial is 6

Factorial

九、九九乘法表

#!/usr/bin/env python3
#-*- coding: utf-8 -*-
for m in range(1, 10):
    print('|', end='')
    for n in range(1, m + 1):
        print('{}*{}={:2d}|'.format(n, m, n * m), end='')
    print('\n', end='')

f@z ~ $ python3 99.py
|1*1= 1|
|1*2= 2|2*2= 4|
|1*3= 3|2*3= 6|3*3= 9|
|1*4= 4|2*4= 8|3*4=12|4*4=16|
|1*5= 5|2*5=10|3*5=15|4*5=20|5*5=25|
|1*6= 6|2*6=12|3*6=18|4*6=24|5*6=30|6*6=36|
|1*7= 7|2*7=14|3*7=21|4*7=28|5*7=35|6*7=42|7*7=49|
|1*8= 8|2*8=16|3*8=24|4*8=32|5*8=40|6*8=48|7*8=56|8*8=64|
|1*9= 9|2*9=18|3*9=27|4*9=36|5*9=45|6*9=54|7*9=63|8*9=72|9*9=81|

十、斐波那契数列Fibonacci Number：第0项是0，第1项是第一个1，从第三项开始，每一项都等于前两项之和 

#!/usr/bin/env python3
#-*- coding: utf-8 -*-
num = int(input('Please input a positive integer: '))
a = 0
b = 1
while b <= num:
    print(b, end=' ')
    a, b=b, a+b
print('\n', end='')

f@z ~ $ python3 fibonacci.py
Please input a positive integer: 40
1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34 

十一、阿姆斯特朗数Armstrong：如果一个n位正整数等于其各位数字的n次方之和,则称该数为阿姆斯特朗数

#!/usr/bin/python3
#-*- coding: utf-8 -*-
num = input('Please input a positive integer: ')
temp = 0
for x in range(0, len(num)):
    temp += int(num[x]) ** len(num)
if int(num) == temp:
    print('Your number is an Armstorng Number!')
else:
    print('Your number is not an Armstrong Number!')

f@z ~/py_script $ python3 armstrong.py
Please input a positive integer: 407
Your number is an Armstorng Number!
f@z ~/py_script $ python3 armstrong.py
Please input a positive integer: 100
Your number is not an Armstrong Number!

Armstrong Number

十二、获取指定期间内的阿姆斯特朗数

#!/usr/bin/env python3
#-*- coding: utf-8 -*-
def arms(num):
    temp = 0
    for j in range(0, len(num)):
        temp += int(num[j]) ** len(num)
        if temp == int(num):
            print(num)

n1 = int(input('Please input a positive integer: '))
n2 = int(input('Please input another positive integer: '))
if n1 > n2:
    n1, n2 = n2, n1
print('=' * 40, '\n', 'Armstrong number between {} and {}: '.format(n1, n2))
for i in range(n1, n2 + 1):
    arms(str(i))

f@z ~ $ a armstrong2.py
Please input a positive integer: 500
Please input another positive integer: 100
========================================
 Armstrong number between 100 and 500:
153
370
370
371
407

十三、构显汉诺塔（hanoi）移动轨迹 

#!/usr/bin/env python3
#-*- coding: utf-8 -*-
def hanoi(n, x='A', y='B', z='C'):
    if n == 1:
        print(x, '~>', z)
    else:
        hanoi(n - 1, x, z, y)
        hanoi(1, x, y, z)
        hanoi(n - 1, y, x, z)

num = int(input('Please input a positive integer: '))
hanoi(num)

递归法

#!/usr/bin/env python3
#-*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import random
num = int(input('Please input a positive integer: '))
A = list(range(num - 1, -1, -1))
B = []
C = []
TEMP = [['A', 'B', 'C'], [A, B, C]]
while len(C) != num:
    x = random.choice(TEMP[1])
    X = TEMP[0][TEMP[1].index(x)]
    y = random.choice(TEMP[1])
    Y = TEMP[0][TEMP[1].index(y)]
    if X != Y:
        if (x[-1:] > y[-1:] or x == []) and y != []:
            x.append(y.pop())
            print(Y, '~>', X, end=' ')
        elif (y[-1:] > x[-1:] or y == []) and x != []:
            y.append(x.pop())
            print(X, '~>', Y, end=' ')
print(C)

穷举法

十四、最大公约数算法

#!/usr/bin/env python3
#-*- coding: utf-8 -*-
def divisor(i, j):
    if i > j:
        i, j = j, i
    for k in range(i, 0, -1):
        if i % k == 0 and j % k == 0:
            print("=" * 44, "\n", 'The GCD between {} and {} is: {}'.format(i, j, k))
            break

n_0 = int(input('Please input a positive integer: '))
n_1 = int(input('Please input another positive integer: '))

divisor(n_0, n_1)

f@z ~ $ python3 GCD.py
Please input a positive integer: 24
Please input another positive integer: 54
============================================
 The GCD between 24 and 54 is: 6

十五、显示日历

>>> import calendar
>>> print(calendar.month(2016, 9))
   September 2016
Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su
          1  2  3  4
 5  6  7  8  9 10 11
12 13 14 15 16 17 18
19 20 21 22 23 24 25
26 27 28 29 30

十六、递归斐波那契数列

#!/usr/bin/env python3
#-*- coding: utf-8 -*-
def fibo(i):
    if i < 2:
        return 1
    else:
        return  (fibo(i - 1) + fibo(i - 2))

num = int(input('A positive integer: '))
for j in range(0, num + 1):
    print(fibo(j))

f@z ~ $ python3 fibo_recursion.py
A positive integer: 10
1
1
2
3
5
8
13
21
34
55
89