android基础---->WebView的使用

webView的使用

我们通过一个小的测试程序来体会webView的简单使用，项目结构如下：

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" alt="" />

一、 webView加载页面，重写shouldOverrideUrlLoading方法，不使用系统默认的浏览器：

private WebView webView;
private EditText editText;
private String htmlUrl = "file:///android_asset/index.html";

private void initComponent() {
    webView = (WebView) findViewById(R.id.webView);
    editText = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.editText);
}

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
    initComponent();

    webView.getSettings().setJavaScriptEnabled(true); // 支持javascript
    webView.setWebViewClient(new WebViewClient() {
        @Override
        public boolean shouldOverrideUrlLoading(WebView view, String url) {
            view.loadUrl(url); // 根据传入的参数再去加载新的网页
            return true; // 表示当前WebView可以处理打开新网页的请求，不用借助系统浏览器
        }
    });
}

二、 用webView加载url资源：

// 请求url资源：
public void searchURL(View view) {
    String urlStr = editText.getText().toString();
    webView.loadUrl(htmlUrl);
}

三、 用webView加载数据：

// 加载html代码片断
public void loadDataMethod(View view) {
    String summary = "<html><body>You scored <b>192</b> points.</body></html>";
    webView.loadData(summary, "text/html", "utf-8");
}

四、 我们还可心在请求的html资源中，加入带有andoroid支持的JS代码。例如在js中使用toast，首先我们定义一个类，供在js中调用：

public class AppUseJSInterface {
    Context mContext;

    AppUseJSInterface(Context c) {
        mContext = c;
    }

    @JavascriptInterface
    public void showToast(String toast) {
        Toast.makeText(mContext, toast, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
    }
}

接着我们在android代码中使用addJavascriptInterface方法，关联js与android：

// 请求html资源,在js中使用android
public void searchHTML(View view) {
    // 给这个对象起的别名叫“huhxJS”
    webView.addJavascriptInterface(new AppUseJSInterface(this), "huhxJS");
    webView.loadUrl(htmlUrl);
}

最后我们在js中使用android定义的接口：

<script type="text/javascript">
    function androidJS() {
        var username = document.getElementById("username").value;
        var password = document.getElementById("password").value;
        huhxJS.showToast("username: " + username + ", password: " + password);
    }
</script>

五、 我们还可以在andoird中调用js代码，如下：

在android调用js中的javascriptJS函数：

// 在android中调用js
public void useJSInAndroid(View view) {
    String name = "I love you";
    webView.loadUrl("javascript:javascriptJS('" + name + "')");
}

在js中定义javascriptJS()函数:

function javascriptJS(some) {
    huhxJS.showToast(some);
}

六、 实现webView的回退功能：

@Override
public boolean onKeyDown(int keyCode, KeyEvent event) {
    // Check if the key event was the Back button and if there's history
    if ((keyCode == KeyEvent.KEYCODE_BACK) && webView.canGoBack()) {
        webView.goBack();
        return true;
    } else if (keyCode == KeyEvent.KEYCODE_FORWARD && webView.canGoForward()) {
        webView.goForward();
        return true;
    }
    return super.onKeyDown(keyCode, event);
}

七、 测试加载用的页面：index.html

<html>
    <head>
        <script type="text/javascript">
            function androidJS() {
                var username = document.getElementById("username").value;
                var password = document.getElementById("password").value;
                huhxJS.showToast("username: " + username + ", password: " + password);
            }
            function javascriptJS(some) {
                huhxJS.showToast(some);
            }
        </script>
    </head>
    <body>
        <form action="#" method="get">
            <font color="red">username:</font> <input type="text" id="username" name="username"><br>
            <font color="red">password:</font> <input type="password" id="password" name="password"><br>
            <input type="submit" value="submit">
        </form>
    <Button onclick="androidJS()">ClickOnMe</Button>
    </body>
</html>

友情链接