本文基于ES6.4版本，我也是出于学习阶段，对学习内容做个记录，如果文中有错误，请指出。

实验数据：

index：book

type：novel

mappings：

  1. {
  2.     "mappings": {
  3.         "novel": {
  4.             "dynamic": "false",
  5.             "properties": {
  6.                 "word_count": {
  7.                     "type": "integer"
  8.                 },
  9.                 "author": {
  10.                     "type": "keyword"
  11.                 },
  12.                 "title": {
  13.                     "type": "text"
  14.                 },
  15.                 "publish_date": {
  16.                     "format": "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss||yyyy-MM-dd||epoch_millis",
  17.                     "type": "date"
  18.                 }
  19.             }
  20.         }
  21.     }
  22. }

通过put创建索引，使用head可视化界面，数据如下：

Elasticsearch的查询分为：

1、子条件查询：查询特定字段的特定值

Query context

查询过程中，除了判断Document是否满足条件，还会计算出_score表示匹配程度，数值越大，证明匹配程度越高

1、查询全部：/book/novel/_search

  1. "hits": {
  2.         "total": 10,
  3.         "max_score": 1.0,
  4.         "hits": [
  5.             {
  6.                 "_index": "book",
  7.                 "_type": "novel",
  8.                 "_id": "5",
  9.                 "_score": 1.0,
  10.                 "_source": {
  11.                     "title": "永夜君王",
  12.                     "word_count": "110000",
  13.                     "publish_date": "2015-03-01",
  14.                     "author": "烟雨江南"
  15.                 }
  16.             },
  17.             {
  18.                 "_index": "book",
  19.                 "_type": "novel",
  20.                 "_id": "8",
  21.                 "_score": 1.0,
  22.                 "_source": {
  23.                     "title": "万古令",
  24.                     "word_count": "110000",
  25.                     "publish_date": "2015-03-01",
  26.                     "author": "听奕"
  27.                 }
  28.             },
  29.             {
  30.                 "_index": "book",
  31.                 "_type": "novel",
  32.                 "_id": "9",
  33.                 "_score": 1.0,
  34.                 "_source": {
  35.                     "title": "天帝传",
  36.                     "word_count": "110000",
  37.                     "publish_date": "2015-03-01",
  38.                     "author": "飞天鱼"
  39.                 }
  40.             },
  41.             {
  42.                 "_index": "book",
  43.                 "_type": "novel",
  44.                 "_id": "10",
  45.                 "_score": 1.0,
  46.                 "_source": {
  47.                     "title": "剑来",
  48.                     "word_count": "110000",
  49.                     "publish_date": "2015-03-01",
  50.                     "author": "烽火戏诸侯"
  51.                 }
  52.             },
  53.             {
  54.                 "_index": "book",
  55.                 "_type": "novel",
  56.                 "_id": "2",
  57.                 "_score": 1.0,
  58.                 "_source": {
  59.                     "title": "完美世界",
  60.                     "word_count": "130000",
  61.                     "publish_date": "2017-03-01",
  62.                     "author": "辰东"
  63.                 }
  64.             },
  65.             {
  66.                 "_index": "book",
  67.                 "_type": "novel",
  68.                 "_id": "4",
  69.                 "_score": 1.0,
  70.                 "_source": {
  71.                     "title": "民国谍影",
  72.                     "word_count": "110000",
  73.                     "publish_date": "2019-03-01",
  74.                     "author": "寻青藤"
  75.                 }
  76.             },
  77.             {
  78.                 "_index": "book",
  79.                 "_type": "novel",
  80.                 "_id": "6",
  81.                 "_score": 1.0,
  82.                 "_source": {
  83.                     "title": "遮天",
  84.                     "word_count": "110000",
  85.                     "publish_date": "2015-03-01",
  86.                     "author": "辰东"
  87.                 }
  88.             },
  89.             {
  90.                 "_index": "book",
  91.                 "_type": "novel",
  92.                 "_id": "1",
  93.                 "_score": 1.0,
  94.                 "_source": {
  95.                     "title": "万古神帝",
  96.                     "word_count": "30000",
  97.                     "publish_date": "2017-01-01",
  98.                     "author": "飞天鱼"
  99.                 }
  100.             },
  101.             {
  102.                 "_index": "book",
  103.                 "_type": "novel",
  104.                 "_id": "7",
  105.                 "_score": 1.0,
  106.                 "_source": {
  107.                     "title": "圣墟",
  108.                     "word_count": "110000",
  109.                     "publish_date": "2015-03-01",
  110.                     "author": "辰东"
  111.                 }
  112.             },
  113.             {
  114.                 "_index": "book",
  115.                 "_type": "novel",
  116.                 "_id": "3",
  117.                 "_score": 1.0,
  118.                 "_source": {
  119.                     "title": "星辰变",
  120.                     "word_count": "100000",
  121.                     "publish_date": "2018-03-01",
  122.                     "author": "我吃西红柿"
  123.                 }
  124.             }
  125.         ]
  126.     }

2、查询id为1的数据：/book/novel/1

  1. {
  2.     "_index": "book",
  3.     "_type": "novel",
  4.     "_id": "1",
  5.     "_version": 1,
  6.     "found": true,
  7.     "_source": {
  8.         "title": "万古神帝",
  9.         "word_count": "30000",
  10.         "publish_date": "2017-01-01",
  11.         "author": "飞天鱼"
  12.     }
  13. }

3、只查询title和author字段：/1?_source=title,author

  1. {
  2.     "_index": "book",
  3.     "_type": "novel",
  4.     "_id": "1",
  5.     "_version": 1,
  6.     "found": true,
  7.     "_source": {
  8.         "author": "飞天鱼",
  9.         "title": "万古神帝"
  10.     }
  11. }

4、只是显示_source部分：/book/novel/1/_source

  1. {
  2.     "title": "万古神帝",
  3.     "word_count": "30000",
  4.     "publish_date": "2017-01-01",
  5.     "author": "飞天鱼"
  6. }

5、筛选单字段查询：/book/novel/_search

  1. {
  2.     "query": {
  3.         "match": {
  4.             "author": "飞天鱼"
  5.         }
  6.     }
  7. }
  1. "hits": {
  2.         "total": 2,
  3.         "max_score": 1.2039728,
  4.         "hits": [
  5.             {
  6.                 "_index": "book",
  7.                 "_type": "novel",
  8.                 "_id": "9",
  9.                 "_score": 1.2039728,
  10.                 "_source": {
  11.                     "title": "天帝传",
  12.                     "word_count": "110000",
  13.                     "publish_date": "2015-03-01",
  14.                     "author": "飞天鱼"
  15.                 }
  16.             },
  17.             {
  18.                 "_index": "book",
  19.                 "_type": "novel",
  20.                 "_id": "1",
  21.                 "_score": 0.6931472,
  22.                 "_source": {
  23.                     "title": "万古神帝",
  24.                     "word_count": "30000",
  25.                     "publish_date": "2017-01-01",
  26.                     "author": "飞天鱼"
  27.                 }
  28.             }
  29.         ]
  30.     }

6、limit：我们查询到2条数据，如果我们只想得到第一条数据，可以使用from和size联合查询

  1. {
  2.     "query": {
  3.         "match": {
  4.             "author": "飞天鱼"
  5.         }
  6.     },
  7.     "from": 0,
  8.     "size": 1
  9. }
  1. "hits": {
  2.         "total": 2,
  3.         "max_score": 1.2039728,
  4.         "hits": [
  5.             {
  6.                 "_index": "book",
  7.                 "_type": "novel",
  8.                 "_id": "9",
  9.                 "_score": 1.2039728,
  10.                 "_source": {
  11.                     "title": "天帝传",
  12.                     "word_count": "110000",
  13.                     "publish_date": "2015-03-01",
  14.                     "author": "飞天鱼"
  15.                 }
  16.             }
  17.         ]
  18.     }
hits.total=2，但是只返回了第一条数据，from为从第几条开始，size我返回的条数
7、order by：
这里选择对word_count字段进行倒叙排序
  1. {
  2.     "query": {
  3.         "match": {
  4.             "author": "辰东"
  5.         }
  6.     },
  7.     "sort": [
  8.         {
  9.             "word_count": {
  10.                 "order": "desc"
  11.             }
  12.         }
  13.     ]
  14. }
  1. "hits": {
  2.         "total": 3,
  3.         "max_score": null,
  4.         "hits": [
  5.             {
  6.                 "_index": "book",
  7.                 "_type": "novel",
  8.                 "_id": "2",
  9.                 "_score": null,
  10.                 "_source": {
  11.                     "title": "完美世界",
  12.                     "word_count": "130000",
  13.                     "publish_date": "2017-03-01",
  14.                     "author": "辰东"
  15.                 },
  16.                 "sort": [
  17.                     130000
  18.                 ]
  19.             },
  20.             {
  21.                 "_index": "book",
  22.                 "_type": "novel",
  23.                 "_id": "6",
  24.                 "_score": null,
  25.                 "_source": {
  26.                     "title": "遮天",
  27.                     "word_count": "110000",
  28.                     "publish_date": "2015-03-01",
  29.                     "author": "辰东"
  30.                 },
  31.                 "sort": [
  32.                     110000
  33.                 ]
  34.             },
  35.             {
  36.                 "_index": "book",
  37.                 "_type": "novel",
  38.                 "_id": "7",
  39.                 "_score": null,
  40.                 "_source": {
  41.                     "title": "圣墟",
  42.                     "word_count": "110000",
  43.                     "publish_date": "2015-03-01",
  44.                     "author": "辰东"
  45.                 },
  46.                 "sort": [
  47.                     110000
  48.                 ]
  49.             }
  50.         ]
  51.     }

8、其余匹配match_phrase：

query、match的方式本质上就是模糊查询，而且中文会自动分词到最大粒度，可以看到会查询到只要匹配任意一个字都是可以的

  1. {
  2.     "query": {
  3.         "match": {
  4.             "title": "万古神帝"
  5.         }
  6.     }
  7. }
  1. "hits": {
  2.         "total": 3,
  3.         "max_score": 2.439878,
  4.         "hits": [
  5.             {
  6.                 "_index": "book",
  7.                 "_type": "novel",
  8.                 "_id": "1",
  9.                 "_score": 2.439878,
  10.                 "_source": {
  11.                     "title": "万古神帝",
  12.                     "word_count": "30000",
  13.                     "publish_date": "2017-01-01",
  14.                     "author": "飞天鱼"
  15.                 }
  16.             },
  17.             {
  18.                 "_index": "book",
  19.                 "_type": "novel",
  20.                 "_id": "8",
  21.                 "_score": 2.4079456,
  22.                 "_source": {
  23.                     "title": "万古令",
  24.                     "word_count": "110000",
  25.                     "publish_date": "2015-03-01",
  26.                     "author": "听奕"
  27.                 }
  28.             },
  29.             {
  30.                 "_index": "book",
  31.                 "_type": "novel",
  32.                 "_id": "9",
  33.                 "_score": 1.2039728,
  34.                 "_source": {
  35.                     "title": "天帝传",
  36.                     "word_count": "110000",
  37.                     "publish_date": "2015-03-01",
  38.                     "author": "飞天鱼"
  39.                 }
  40.             }
  41.         ]
  42.     }

所以这里有了其余匹配match_phrase，结果只有完全包含"万古神帝"的title才可以被查询到

  1. {
  2.     "query": {
  3.         "match_phrase": {
  4.             "title": "万古神帝"
  5.         }
  6.     }
  7. }
  1. "hits": {
  2.         "total": 1,
  3.         "max_score": 2.439878,
  4.         "hits": [
  5.             {
  6.                 "_index": "book",
  7.                 "_type": "novel",
  8.                 "_id": "1",
  9.                 "_score": 2.439878,
  10.                 "_source": {
  11.                     "title": "万古神帝",
  12.                     "word_count": "30000",
  13.                     "publish_date": "2017-01-01",
  14.                     "author": "飞天鱼"
  15.                 }
  16.             }
  17.         ]
  18.     }

9、多条件查询multi_match：查询title或者author包含"万古神帝"的数据

  1. {
  2.     "query": {
  3.         "multi_match": {
  4.             "query": "万古神天",
  5.             "fields": ["title","author"]
  6.         }
  7.     }
  8. }
  1. "hits": {
  2.         "total": 4,
  3.         "max_score": 2.4079456,
  4.         "hits": [
  5.             {
  6.                 "_index": "book",
  7.                 "_type": "novel",
  8.                 "_id": "8",
  9.                 "_score": 2.4079456,
  10.                 "_source": {
  11.                     "title": "万古令",
  12.                     "word_count": "110000",
  13.                     "publish_date": "2015-03-01",
  14.                     "author": "听奕"
  15.                 }
  16.             },
  17.             {
  18.                 "_index": "book",
  19.                 "_type": "novel",
  20.                 "_id": "1",
  21.                 "_score": 1.8299085,
  22.                 "_source": {
  23.                     "title": "万古神帝",
  24.                     "word_count": "30000",
  25.                     "publish_date": "2017-01-01",
  26.                     "author": "飞天鱼"
  27.                 }
  28.             },
  29.             {
  30.                 "_index": "book",
  31.                 "_type": "novel",
  32.                 "_id": "9",
  33.                 "_score": 1.2039728,
  34.                 "_source": {
  35.                     "title": "天帝传",
  36.                     "word_count": "110000",
  37.                     "publish_date": "2015-03-01",
  38.                     "author": "飞天鱼"
  39.                 }
  40.             },
  41.             {
  42.                 "_index": "book",
  43.                 "_type": "novel",
  44.                 "_id": "6",
  45.                 "_score": 1.1727304,
  46.                 "_source": {
  47.                     "title": "遮天",
  48.                     "word_count": "110000",
  49.                     "publish_date": "2015-03-01",
  50.                     "author": "辰东"
  51.                 }
  52.             }
  53.         ]
  54.     }

10、语法查询query_string：

  1. {
  2.     "query": {
  3.         "query_string": {
  4.             "query": "万古"
  5.         }
  6.     }
  7. }

这里和match没有区别，query可以使用AND和OR，match的filed也可以，注意这里一定是大写，小写就被当做搜索的内容了

  1. {
  2.     "query": {
  3.         "query_string": {
  4.             "query": "万古 OR 剑来"
  5.         }
  6.     }
  7. }
  1. {
  2.     "query": {
  3.         "match": {
  4.             "title": "万古 OR 剑来"
  5.         }
  6.     }
  7. }

指定fields：

  1. {
  2.     "query": {
  3.         "query_string": {
  4.             "query": "万古 OR 剑来 OR 辰东 ",
  5.             "fields": ["author","title"]
  6.         }
  7.     }
  8. }

11、精确匹配term：

title为text类型，author为keyword类型，实验发现查询title只有是单个字的时候才能匹配(精确匹配查不到数据)，而author必须是精确匹配

例如：title不支持精确匹配，支持模糊查询(而且是单个字才可以，多个字照样查不到数据)

  1. {
  2.     "query": {
  3.         "term": {
  4.             "title": "剑来"
  5.         }
  6.     }
  7. }

如果只是查询一个字就可以

  1. {
  2.     "query": {
  3.         "term": {
  4.             "title": "来"
  5.         }
  6.     }
  7. }
  1. "hits": {
  2.         "total": 1,
  3.         "max_score": 1.3940737,
  4.         "hits": [
  5.             {
  6.                 "_index": "book",
  7.                 "_type": "novel",
  8.                 "_id": "10",
  9.                 "_score": 1.3940737,
  10.                 "_source": {
  11.                     "title": "剑来",
  12.                     "word_count": "110000",
  13.                     "publish_date": "2015-03-01",
  14.                     "author": "烽火戏诸侯"
  15.                 }
  16.             }
  17.         ]
  18.     }

查询author字段：有三条数据

  1. {
  2.     "query": {
  3.         "term": {
  4.             "author": "辰东"
  5.         }
  6.     }
  7. }
  1. "hits": [
  2.             {
  3.                 "_index": "book",
  4.                 "_type": "novel",
  5.                 "_id": "7",
  6.                 "_score": 0.6931472,
  7.                 "_source": {
  8.                     "title": "圣墟",
  9.                     "word_count": "110000",
  10.                     "publish_date": "2015-03-01",
  11.                     "author": "辰东"
  12.                 }
  13.             },
  14.             {
  15.                 "_index": "book",
  16.                 "_type": "novel",
  17.                 "_id": "2",
  18.                 "_score": 0.47000363,
  19.                 "_source": {
  20.                     "title": "完美世界",
  21.                     "word_count": "130000",
  22.                     "publish_date": "2017-03-01",
  23.                     "author": "辰东"
  24.                 }
  25.             },
  26.             {
  27.                 "_index": "book",
  28.                 "_type": "novel",
  29.                 "_id": "6",
  30.                 "_score": 0.47000363,
  31.                 "_source": {
  32.                     "title": "遮天",
  33.                     "word_count": "110000",
  34.                     "publish_date": "2015-03-01",
  35.                     "author": "辰东"
  36.                 }
  37.             }
  38.         ]
  39.     }

author不知道模糊查询：下面结果为null

  1. {
  2.     "query": {
  3.         "term": {
  4.             "author": "东"
  5.         }
  6.     }
  7. }

12、范围查找range：包括integer和日期类型，日期支持now函数，也就是当前日期

  1. {
  2.     "query": {
  3.         "range": {
  4.             "word_count": {
  5.                 "gt": 110000,
  6.                 "lte": 130000
  7.             }
  8.         }
  9.     }
  10. }
  1. "hits": {
  2.         "total": 1,
  3.         "max_score": 1.0,
  4.         "hits": [
  5.             {
  6.                 "_index": "book",
  7.                 "_type": "novel",
  8.                 "_id": "2",
  9.                 "_score": 1.0,
  10.                 "_source": {
  11.                     "title": "完美世界",
  12.                     "word_count": "130000",
  13.                     "publish_date": "2017-03-01",
  14.                     "author": "辰东"
  15.                 }
  16.             }
  17.         ]
  18.     }

Filter context

查询过程中，只是判断Document是否满足条件，只有yes or no。用来做数据过滤，而且ES还会对结果进行缓存，效率相对query更高一点

  1. {
  2.     "query": {
  3.         "bool": {
  4.             "filter": {
  5.                 "term": {
  6.                     "word_count": 130000
  7.                 }
  8.             }
  9.         }
  10.     }
  11. }
  1. "hits": {
  2.         "total": 1,
  3.         "max_score": 0.0,
  4.         "hits": [
  5.             {
  6.                 "_index": "book",
  7.                 "_type": "novel",
  8.                 "_id": "2",
  9.                 "_score": 0.0,
  10.                 "_source": {
  11.                     "title": "完美世界",
  12.                     "word_count": "130000",
  13.                     "publish_date": "2017-03-01",
  14.                     "author": "辰东"
  15.                 }
  16.             }
  17.         ]
  18.     }

2、复合条件查询：组合子条件查询

1、固定分数查询：不支持match，支持filter

  1. {
  2.     "query": {
  3.         "constant_score": {
  4.             "filter": {
  5.                 "match": {
  6.                     "title": "天帝传"
  7.                 }
  8.             }
  9.         }
  10.     }
  11. }
  12.  
  13. {
  14.     "query": {
  15.         "constant_score": {
  16.             "filter": {
  17.                 "match": {
  18.                     "title": "天帝传"
  19.                 }
  20.             },
  21.             "boost": 2
  22.         }
  23.     }
  24. }

2、bool查询：

should：就是or的关系

  1. {
  2.     "query": {
  3.         "bool": {
  4.             "should": [
  5.                 {
  6.                     "match": {
  7.                         "author": "辰东"
  8.                     }
  9.                 },
  10.                 {
  11.                     "match": {
  12.                         "title": "天帝传"
  13.                     }
  14.                 }
  15.             ]
  16.         }
  17.     }
  18. }

must：相当于and

  1. {
  2.     "query": {
  3.         "bool": {
  4.             "must": [
  5.                 {
  6.                     "match": {
  7.                         "author": "辰东"
  8.                     }
  9.                 },
  10.                 {
  11.                     "match": {
  12.                         "title": "天帝传"
  13.                     }
  14.                 }
  15.             ]
  16.         }
  17.     }
  18. }

must_not：相当于<>

  1. {
  2.     "query": {
  3.         "bool": {
  4.             "must_not": {
  5.                 "term": {
  6.                     "author": "辰东"
  7.                 }
  8.             }
  9.         }
  10.     }
  11. }

bool查询也可以使用filter：

  1. {
  2.     "query": {
  3.         "bool": {
  4.             "must": [
  5.                 {
  6.                     "match": {
  7.                         "author": "辰东"
  8.                     }
  9.                 },
  10.                 {
  11.                     "match": {
  12.                         "title": "天帝传"
  13.                     }
  14.                 }
  15.             ],
  16.             "filter": [
  17.                 {
  18.                     "term": {
  19.                         "word_count": 110000
  20.                     }
  21.                 }
  22.             ]
  23.         }
  24.     }
  25. }

aggregations：

  1. {
  2.     "aggs": {
  3.         "group_by_author": {
  4.             "terms": {
  5.                 "field": "author"
  6.             }
  7.         }
  8.     }
  9. }
  1. "aggregations": {
  2.         "group_by_author": {
  3.             "doc_count_error_upper_bound": 0,
  4.             "sum_other_doc_count": 0,
  5.             "buckets": [
  6.                 {
  7.                     "key": "辰东",
  8.                     "doc_count": 3
  9.                 },
  10.                 {
  11.                     "key": "飞天鱼",
  12.                     "doc_count": 2
  13.                 },
  14.                 {
  15.                     "key": "听奕",
  16.                     "doc_count": 1
  17.                 },
  18.                 {
  19.                     "key": "寻青藤",
  20.                     "doc_count": 1
  21.                 },
  22.                 {
  23.                     "key": "我吃西红柿",
  24.                     "doc_count": 1
  25.                 },
  26.                 {
  27.                     "key": "烟雨江南",
  28.                     "doc_count": 1
  29.                 },
  30.                 {
  31.                     "key": "烽火戏诸侯",
  32.                     "doc_count": 1
  33.                 }
  34.             ]
  35.         }
  36.     }

支持多聚合结果：

  1. {
  2.     "aggs": {
  3.         "group_by_author": {
  4.             "terms": {
  5.                 "field": "author"
  6.             }
  7.         },
  8.         "group_by_word_count": {
  9.             "terms": {
  10.                 "field": "word_count"
  11.             }
  12.         }
  13.     }
  14. }

aggregations除了支持term，还有stats、min、max、avg等

  1. {
  2.     "aggs": {
  3.         "group_by_author": {
  4.             "stats": {
  5.                 "field": "word_count"
  6.             }
  7.         }
  8.     }
  9. }
  1. "aggregations": {
  2.         "group_by_author": {
  3.             "count": 10,
  4.             "min": 30000.0,
  5.             "max": 130000.0,
  6.             "avg": 103000.0,
  7.             "sum": 1030000.0
  8.         }
  9.     }

avg：

  1. {
  2.     "aggs": {
  3.         "group_by_author": {
  4.             "avg": {
  5.                 "field": "word_count"
  6.             }
  7.         }
  8.     }
  9. }

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