继续学习flask

本部分Miguel Grinberg教程的翻译地址:http://www.pythondoc.com/flask-mega-tutorial/templates.html

英文原文地址:http://blog.miguelgrinberg.com/post/the-flask-mega-tutorial-part-ii-templates

一、为什么使用模板?

以下做一个小小的扩展:输出一个大标题。

一个容易的选择就是改变我们的视图功能,输出 HTML。

修改app/views.py

 from app import app

 @app.route('/')
@app.route('/index')
def index():
user = { 'nickname': 'Miguel'} # fake user
return '''
<html>
<head>
<title>Home Page</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>hello,''' + user['nickname'] + '''</h1>
</body>
</html>
'''

网页浏览器上的显示情况:

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" alt="" />

以下是教程原话:

我们暂时还不支持用户,所以暂时使用占位符的用户对象,有时也被称为假冒或模仿的对象。这样让我们可以集中关注应用程序的某一方面,而不用花心思在暂未完成的部分上。

我希望你同意我的说法,上面的解决方案是非常难看!如果我们需要返回一个含有大量动态内容的大型以及复杂的 HTML 页面的话,代码将会有多么复杂啊!如果你需要改变你的网站布局,在一个大的应用程序,该应用程序有几十个视图,每一个直接返回HTML?这显然​​不是一 个可扩展的选择。

二、初步使用模板

就是把前端和后端的分离。

文件 app/templates/index.html

 <html>
<head>
<title>{{title}} - microblog</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Hello, {{user.nickname}}!</h1>
</body>
</html>

注意一下index.html的位置

我们只是写了一个大部分标准的HTML页面,唯一的区别是有一些动态内容的在 {{ ... }} 中。

然后在视图函数(文件 app/views.py)中使用这些模板,修改 app/views.py 内容:

 from app import app
from flask import render_template @app.route('/')
@app.route('/index')
def index():
user = { 'nickname': 'Miguel'} # fake user
return render_template("index.html",
title = 'Home',
user = user)

为了渲染模板,我们必须从 Flask 框架中导入一个名为 render_template 的新函数。此函数需要传入模板名以及一些模板变量列表,返回一个所有变量被替换的渲染的模板。

在内部,render_template 调用了 Jinja2 模板引擎,Jinja2 模板引擎是 Flask 框架的一部分。Jinja2 会把模板参数提供的相应的值替换了 {{...}} 块。

运行后的浏览器页面可以看到是和之前一样的。

关于模板中的控制和循环语句和其他语言没什么差别,很容易理解。

三、模板继承

我们知道多数网站都有导航栏,而同一个网站的导航栏都是一样的。在每个模板中复制粘贴同样的代码是很浪费时间,而且修改起来也很麻烦(修改一个部分就要把它的拷贝全部修改)。

教程原话:我们可以利用 Jinja2 的模板继承的特点,这允许我们把所有模板公共的部分移除出页面的布局,接着把它们放在一个基础模板中,所有使用它的模板可以导入该基础模板。

定义一个基础模板,该模板包含导航栏以及上面谈论的标题(文件 app/templates/base.html):

<html>
<head>
{% if title %}
<title>{{title}} - microblog</title>
{% else %}
<title>microblog</title>
{% endif %}
</head>
<body>
<div>Microblog: <a href="/index">Home</a></div>
<hr>
{% block content %}{% endblock %}
</body>
</html>

在这个模板中,我们使用 block 控制语句来定义派生模板可以插入的地方。块被赋予唯一的名字content。

然后修改我们的 index.html 模板继承自 base.html (文件 app/templates/index.html):

{% extends "base.html" %}
{% block content %}
<h1>Hi, {{user.nickname}}!</h1>
{% for post in posts %}
<div><p>{{post.author.nickname}} says: <b>{{post.body}}</b></p></div>
{% endfor %}
{% endblock %}

这样的话,之后如果要修改导航栏只需要修改一个地方就可以了。

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