ICMP TYPE CODE 对应表

下载ping程序源代码等信息，可以在这里下载

[root@ht8 network-scripts]# ping -V
ping utility, iputils-s20160308 //ping实用程序，是在iputils这个包里面
//注意iputils是个工具包，包括了arping,ping,tracepath,traceroute等一系列工具
下载地址: http://www.skbuff.net/iputils/  //当前版本 iputils-s20160308

查看 https://sourceforge.net/p/iputils/code/ci/HEAD/tree/
在线查看头
http://lxr.linux.no/linux+v5.14/include/uapi/linux/icmp.h#L89
http://lxr.linux.no/linux+v5.14/include/net/ip.h

http://lxr.linux.no/linux+v5.14/include/uapi/linux/icmp.h#L89

   1/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note */
   2/*
   3 * INET         An implementation of the TCP/IP protocol suite for the LINUX
   4 *              operating system.  INET is implemented using the  BSD Socket
   5 *              interface as the means of communication with the user level.
   6 *
   7 *              Definitions for the ICMP protocol.
   8 *
   9 * Version:     @(#)icmp.h      1.0.3   04/28/93
  10 *
  11 * Author:      Fred N. van Kempen, <waltje@uWalt.NL.Mugnet.ORG>
  12 *
  13 *              This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
  14 *              modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
  15 *              as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version
  16 *              2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
  17 */
  18#ifndef _UAPI_LINUX_ICMP_H
  19#define _UAPI_LINUX_ICMP_H
  20
  21#include <linux/types.h>
  22#include <asm/byteorder.h>
  23#include <linux/if.h>
  24#include <linux/in6.h>
  25
  26#define ICMP_ECHOREPLY          0       /* Echo Reply                   */
  27#define ICMP_DEST_UNREACH       3       /* Destination Unreachable      */
  28#define ICMP_SOURCE_QUENCH      4       /* Source Quench                */
  29#define ICMP_REDIRECT           5       /* Redirect (change route)      */
  30#define ICMP_ECHO               8       /* Echo Request                 */
  31#define ICMP_TIME_EXCEEDED      11      /* Time Exceeded                */
  32#define ICMP_PARAMETERPROB      12      /* Parameter Problem            */
  33#define ICMP_TIMESTAMP          13      /* Timestamp Request            */
  34#define ICMP_TIMESTAMPREPLY     14      /* Timestamp Reply              */
  35#define ICMP_INFO_REQUEST       15      /* Information Request          */
  36#define ICMP_INFO_REPLY         16      /* Information Reply            */
  37#define ICMP_ADDRESS            17      /* Address Mask Request         */
  38#define ICMP_ADDRESSREPLY       18      /* Address Mask Reply           */
  39#define NR_ICMP_TYPES           18
  40
  41
  42/* Codes for UNREACH.  这里就是code */
  43#define ICMP_NET_UNREACH        0       /* Network Unreachable          */
  44#define ICMP_HOST_UNREACH       1       /* Host Unreachable             */
  45#define ICMP_PROT_UNREACH       2       /* Protocol Unreachable         */
  46#define ICMP_PORT_UNREACH       3       /* Port Unreachable             */
  47#define ICMP_FRAG_NEEDED        4       /* Fragmentation Needed/DF set  */
  48#define ICMP_SR_FAILED          5       /* Source Route failed          */
  49#define ICMP_NET_UNKNOWN        6
  50#define ICMP_HOST_UNKNOWN       7
  51#define ICMP_HOST_ISOLATED      8
  52#define ICMP_NET_ANO            9
  53#define ICMP_HOST_ANO           10
  54#define ICMP_NET_UNR_TOS        11
  55#define ICMP_HOST_UNR_TOS       12
  56#define ICMP_PKT_FILTERED       13      /* Packet filtered */
  57#define ICMP_PREC_VIOLATION     14      /* Precedence violation */
  58#define ICMP_PREC_CUTOFF        15      /* Precedence cut off */
  59#define NR_ICMP_UNREACH         15      /* instead of hardcoding immediate value */
  60
  61/* Codes for REDIRECT. */
  62#define ICMP_REDIR_NET          0       /* Redirect Net                 */
  63#define ICMP_REDIR_HOST         1       /* Redirect Host                */
  64#define ICMP_REDIR_NETTOS       2       /* Redirect Net for TOS         */
  65#define ICMP_REDIR_HOSTTOS      3       /* Redirect Host for TOS        */
  66
  67/* Codes for TIME_EXCEEDED. */
  68#define ICMP_EXC_TTL            0       /* TTL count exceeded           */
  69#define ICMP_EXC_FRAGTIME       1       /* Fragment Reass time exceeded */
  70
  71/* Codes for EXT_ECHO (PROBE) */
  72#define ICMP_EXT_ECHO                   42
  73#define ICMP_EXT_ECHOREPLY              43
  74#define ICMP_EXT_CODE_MAL_QUERY         1       /* Malformed Query */
  75#define ICMP_EXT_CODE_NO_IF             2       /* No such Interface */
  76#define ICMP_EXT_CODE_NO_TABLE_ENT      3       /* No such Table Entry */
  77#define ICMP_EXT_CODE_MULT_IFS          4       /* Multiple Interfaces Satisfy Query */
  78
  79/* Constants for EXT_ECHO (PROBE) */
  80#define ICMP_EXT_ECHOREPLY_ACTIVE       (1 << 2)/* active bit in reply message */
  81#define ICMP_EXT_ECHOREPLY_IPV4         (1 << 1)/* ipv4 bit in reply message */
  82#define ICMP_EXT_ECHOREPLY_IPV6         1       /* ipv6 bit in reply message */
  83#define ICMP_EXT_ECHO_CTYPE_NAME        1
  84#define ICMP_EXT_ECHO_CTYPE_INDEX       2
  85#define ICMP_EXT_ECHO_CTYPE_ADDR        3
  86#define ICMP_AFI_IP                     1       /* Address Family Identifier for ipv4 */
  87#define ICMP_AFI_IP6                    2       /* Address Family Identifier for ipv6 */
  88
  89struct icmphdr {
  90  __u8          type;
  91  __u8          code;
  92  __sum16       checksum;
  93  union {
  94        struct {
  95                __be16  id;
  96                __be16  sequence;
  97        } echo;
  98        __be32  gateway;
  99        struct {
 100                __be16  __unused;
 101                __be16  mtu;
 102        } frag;
 103        __u8    reserved[4];
 104  } un;
 105};
 106
 107
 108/*
 109 *      constants for (set|get)sockopt
 110 */
 111
 112#define ICMP_FILTER                     1
 113
 114struct icmp_filter {
 115        __u32           data;
 116};
 117
 118/* RFC 4884 extension struct: one per message */
 119struct icmp_ext_hdr {
 120#if defined(__LITTLE_ENDIAN_BITFIELD)
 121        __u8            reserved1:4,
 122                        version:4;
 123#elif defined(__BIG_ENDIAN_BITFIELD)
 124        __u8            version:4,
 125                        reserved1:4;
 126#else
 127#error  "Please fix <asm/byteorder.h>"
 128#endif
 129        __u8            reserved2;
 130        __sum16         checksum;
 131};
 132
 133/* RFC 4884 extension object header: one for each object */
 134struct icmp_extobj_hdr {
 135        __be16          length;
 136        __u8            class_num;
 137        __u8            class_type;
 138};
 139
 140/* RFC 8335: 2.1 Header for c-type 3 payload */
 141struct icmp_ext_echo_ctype3_hdr {
 142        __be16          afi;
 143        __u8            addrlen;
 144        __u8            reserved;
 145};
 146
 147/* RFC 8335: 2.1 Interface Identification Object */
 148struct icmp_ext_echo_iio {
 149        struct icmp_extobj_hdr extobj_hdr;
 150        union {
 151                char name[IFNAMSIZ];
 152                __be32 ifindex;
 153                struct {
 154                        struct icmp_ext_echo_ctype3_hdr ctype3_hdr;
 155                        union {
 156                                __be32          ipv4_addr;
 157                                struct in6_addr ipv6_addr;
 158                        } ip_addr;
 159                } addr;
 160        } ident;
 161};
 162#endif /* _UAPI_LINUX_ICMP_H */
 163

ICMP类型对应讲解

TYPE	CODE	Description	Query	Error
0	0	Echo Reply——回显应答（Ping应答）	x
3	0	Network Unreachable——网络不可达		x
3	1	Host Unreachable——主机不可达		x
3	2	Protocol Unreachable——协议不可达		x
3	3	Port Unreachable——端口不可达		x
3	4	Fragmentation needed but no frag. bit set——需要进行分片但设置不分片比特		x
3	5	Source routing failed——源站选路失败		x
3	6	Destination network unknown——目的网络未知		x
3	7	Destination host unknown——目的主机未知		x
3	8	Source host isolated (obsolete)——源主机被隔离（作废不用）		x
3	9	Destination network administratively prohibited——目的网络被强制禁止		x
3	10	Destination host administratively prohibited——目的主机被强制禁止		x
3	11	Network unreachable for TOS——由于服务类型TOS，网络不可达		x
3	12	Host unreachable for TOS         ——由于服务类型TOS，主机不可达		x
3	13	Communication administratively prohibited by filtering——由于过滤，通信被强制禁止		x
3	14	Host precedence violation——主机越权		x
3	15	Precedence cutoff in effect——优先中止生效		x
4	0	Source quench——源端被关闭（基本流控制）
5	0	Redirect for network——对网络重定向
5	1	Redirect for host——对主机重定向
5	2	Redirect for TOS and network——对服务类型和网络重定向
5	3	Redirect for TOS and host       ——对服务类型和主机重定向
8	0	Echo request                          ——回显请求（Ping请求）	x
9	0	Router advertisement              ——路由器通告
10	0	Route solicitation                     ——路由器请求
11	0	TTL equals 0 during transit       ——传输期间生存时间为0		x
11	1	TTL equals 0 during reassembly——在数据报组装期间生存时间为0		x
12	0	IP header bad (catchall error)    ——坏的IP首部（包括各种差错）		x
12	1	Required options missing           ——缺少必需的选项		x
13	0	Timestamp request (obsolete)    ——时间戳请求（作废不用）	x
14		Timestamp reply (obsolete)        ——时间戳应答（作废不用）	x
15	0	Information request (obsolete)    ——信息请求（作废不用）	x
16	0	Information reply (obsolete)       ——信息应答（作废不用）	x
17	0	Address mask request                ——地址掩码请求	x
18	0	Address mask reply                    ——地址掩码应答

icmp协议

定义(我在之前说过osi七层模型正对应着大量的rfc协议，以太网协议对应着硬件设备的通讯)
消息控制协议
https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc792
http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc777.txt
中文
http://www.cnpaf.net/rfc/rfc792.txt

ip协议

IP数据报的路由和转发
RFC791
https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc791

arp协议

ARP协议的作用是通过IP地址获取MAC地址
RFC826
https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc826.txt

linux下的头文件位置

[root@h8 net]# cat /etc/redhat-release
  CentOS Linux release 7.9.2009 (Core)

[root@h8 include]# ls
aio.h        cpio.h      fcntl.h         grp.h       langinfo.h  monetary.h  nfs                 protocols  selinux        string.h     ucontext.h      xen
aliases.h    cpufreq.h   features.h      gshadow.h   lastlog.h   mqueue.h    nl_types.h          pthread.h  semaphore.h    strings.h    ulimit.h        xlocale.h
alloca.h     crypt.h     fenv.h          gssapi      libgen.h    mtd         nss.h               pty.h      sepol          sys          unistd.h        zconf.h
a.out.h      ctype.h     fmtmsg.h        gssapi.h    libintl.h   net         obstack.h           pwd.h      setjmp.h       syscall.h    ustat.h         zlib.h
argp.h       dirent.h    fnmatch.h       gssrpc      libio.h     netash      openssl             python2.7  sgtty.h        sysexits.h   utime.h
argz.h       dlfcn.h     fpu_control.h   iconv.h     limits.h    netatalk    paths.h             rdma       shadow.h       syslog.h     utmp.h
ar.h         drm         fstab.h         ieee754.h   link.h      netax25     pcrecpparg.h        re_comp.h  signal.h       tar.h        utmpx.h
arpa         elf.h       fts.h           ifaddrs.h   linux       netdb.h     pcrecpp.h           regex.h    sound          termio.h     values.h
asm          endian.h    ftw.h           inttypes.h  locale.h    neteconet   pcre.h              regexp.h   spawn.h        termios.h    verto.h
asm-generic  envz.h      _G_config.h     kadm5       malloc.h    netinet     pcreposix.h         resolv.h   stab.h         tgmath.h     verto-module.h
assert.h     err.h       gconv.h         kdb.h       math.h      netipx      pcre_scanner.h      rpc        stdc-predef.h  thread_db.h  video
bits         errno.h     getopt.h        keyutils.h  mcheck.h    netiucv     pcre_stringpiece.h  rpcsvc     stdint.h       time.h       wait.h
byteswap.h   error.h     glob.h          krad.h      memory.h    netpacket   poll.h              sched.h    stdio_ext.h    ttyent.h     wchar.h
com_err.h    et          gnu             krb5        misc        netrom      printf.h            scsi       stdio.h        uapi         wctype.h
complex.h    execinfo.h  gnu-versions.h  krb5.h      mntent.h    netrose     profile.h           search.h   stdlib.h       uchar.h      wordexp.h

　[root@ht8 include]# pwd
　/usr/include