一键备份脚本 backup.sh
做网站最重要的是什么?数据!数据,是网站之本,备份,是每一个站长都应该重视的事情。但同时,备份也是一件繁琐和重复的事情。所以,这些事情,肯定能做到自动化的。
下面来介绍一下这个一键备份脚本 backup.sh。
总结一下 backup.sh 特点:
1、支持 MySQL/MariaDB/Percona 的数据库全量备份或选择备份;
2、支持指定目录或文件的备份;
3、支持加密备份文件(需安装 openssl 命令,可选);
4、支持上传至 Google Drive(需先安装 gdrive 并配置,可选);
5、支持在删除指定天数本地旧的备份文件的同时,也删除 Google Drive 上的同名文件(可选)。
2016 年 8 月 21 日更新:
1、新增:指定 MySQL/MariaDB 的数据库名进行备份,可以同时指定多个;
2、新增:删除指定天数本地旧的备份文件。
2016 年 9 月 8 日更新:
1、新增:删除指定天数本地旧的备份文件的同时,可选删除 Google Drive 上的同名文件。
2016 年 11 月 29 日更新:
1、新增:上传备份文件到 FTP 选项;
2、新增:删除指定天数本地旧的备份文件的同时,可选删除 Google Drive 及 FTP 上的同名文件。
教程模式开启:
1、下载该脚本并赋予执行权限
wget --no-check-certificate https://github.com/teddysun/across/raw/master/backup.sh
chmod +x backup.sh
2、修改并配置脚本
请使用 vim 或 nano 等工具来修改。
关于变量名的一些说明:
ENCRYPTFLG (加密FLG,true 为加密,false 为不加密,默认是加密)
BACKUPPASS (加密密码,重要,务必要修改)
LOCALDIR (备份目录,可自己指定)
TEMPDIR (备份目录的临时目录,可自己指定)
LOGFILE (脚本运行产生的日志文件路径)
MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD (MySQL/MariaDB/Percona 的 root 用户密码)
MYSQL_DATABASE_NAME (指定 MySQL/MariaDB/Percona 的数据库名,留空则是备份所有数据库)
※ MYSQL_DATABASE_NAME 是一个数组变量,可以指定多个。举例如下:
MYSQL_DATABASE_NAME[0]="phpmyadmin"
MYSQL_DATABASE_NAME[1]="test"
BACKUP (需要备份的指定目录或文件列表,留空就是不备份目录或文件)
※ BACKUP 是一个数组变量,可以指定多个。举例如下:
BACKUP[0]="/data/www/default/test.tgz"
BACKUP[1]="/data/www/default/test/"
BACKUP[2]="/data/www/default/test2/"
LOCALAGEDAILIES (指定多少天之后删除本地旧的备份文件,默认为 7 天)
DELETE_REMOTE_FILE_FLG (删除 Google Drive 或 FTP 上的备份文件 FLG,true 为删除,false 为不删除)
FTP_FLG (上传文件至 FTP 的 FLG,true 为上传,false 为不上传)
FTP_HOST (连接的 FTP 域名或 IP 地址)
FTP_USER (连接的 FTP 的用户名)
FTP_PASS (连接的 FTP 的用户的密码)
FTP_DIR (连接的 FTP 的远程目录,比如: public_html)
一些注意事项的说明:
1)脚本需要用 root 用户来执行;
2)脚本需要用到 openssl 来加密,请事先安装好;
3)脚本默认备份所有的数据库(全量备份);
4)备份文件的解密命令如下:
openssl enc -aes256 -in [ENCRYPTED BACKUP] -out decrypted_backup.tgz -pass pass:[BACKUPPASS] -d -md sha1
5)备份文件解密后,解压命令如下:
tar -zxPf [DECRYPTION BACKUP FILE]
解释一下参数 -P:
tar 压缩文件默认都是相对路径的。加个 -P 是为了 tar 能以绝对路径压缩文件。因此,解压的时候也要带个 -P 参数。
3、配置 gdrive 命令
gdrive 是一个命令行工具,用于 Google Drive 的上传下载等操作。官网网站:
https://github.com/prasmussen/gdrive
当然,你可以用以下的命令来安装 gdrive。
x86_64(64位):
wget -O /usr/bin/gdrive http://dl.lamp.sh/files/gdrive-linux-x64
chmod +x /usr/bin/gdrive
i386(32位)
wget -O /usr/bin/gdrive http://dl.lamp.sh/files/gdrive-linux-386
chmod +x /usr/bin/gdrive
然后,运行以下命令开始获取授权:
gdrive about
根据提示用浏览器打开 gdrive 给出的 URL,点击接受(Accept),然后将浏览器上显示出来的字符串粘贴回命令行里,完成授权。
4、运行脚本开始备份
./backup.sh
脚本默认会显示备份进度,并在最后统计出所需时间。
如果你想将脚本加入到 cron 自动运行的话,就不需要前台显示备份进度,只写日志就可以了。
这个时候你需要稍微改一下脚本中的 log 函数。
log() {
echo "$(date "+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")" "$1"
echo -e "$(date "+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")" "$1" >> ${LOGFILE}
}
改为:
log() {
echo -e "$(date "+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")" "$1" >> ${LOGFILE}
}
关于如何使用 cron 自动备份,这里就不再赘述了 以 CentOS 6 来举例说明。
修改文件 /etc/crontab,内容如下:
SHELL=/bin/bash
PATH=/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:~/bin
MAILTO=root
HOME=/root # For details see man 4 crontabs # Example of job definition:
# .---------------- minute (0 - 59)
# | .------------- hour (0 - 23)
# | | .---------- day of month (1 - 31)
# | | | .------- month (1 - 12) OR jan,feb,mar,apr ...
# | | | | .---- day of week (0 - 6) (Sunday=0 or 7) OR sun,mon,tue,wed,thu,fri,sat
# | | | | |
# * * * * * user-name command to be executed
30 1 * * * root bash /root/backup.sh
以上表示,每天凌晨 1 点 30 分,root 用户执行一次 backup.sh 脚本。
注意:
一定要修改其中的 PATH 和 HOME 变量的值。
尤其是 HOME 变量,gdrive 命令能否正确执行,是要依赖于其配置文件的。默认用 root 配置的话,其配置文件夹应该是 /root/.gdrive/ ,所以要更改 HOME 的值。
backup.sh 代码如下所示:
#!/usr/bin/env bash
#
# Auto backup script
#
# Copyright (C) Teddysun <i@teddysun.com>
#
# URL: https://teddysun.com/469.html
#
# You must to modify the config before run it!!!
# Backup MySQL/MariaDB/Percona datebases, files and directories
# Backup file is encrypted with AES256-cbc with SHA1 message-digest (option)
# Auto transfer backup file to Google Drive (need install gdrive command) (option)
# Auto transfer backup file to FTP server (option)
# Auto delete Google Drive's or FTP server's remote file (option)
# [[ $EUID -ne ]] && echo "Error: This script must be run as root!" && exit ########## START OF CONFIG ########## # Encrypt flag (true: encrypt, false: not encrypt)
ENCRYPTFLG=true # WARNING: KEEP THE PASSWORD SAFE!!!
# The password used to encrypt the backup
# To decrypt backups made by this script, run the following command:
# openssl enc -aes256 -in [encrypted backup] -out decrypted_backup.tgz -pass pass:[backup password] -d -md sha1
BACKUPPASS="mypassword" # Directory to store backups
LOCALDIR="/root/backups/" # Temporary directory used during backup creation
TEMPDIR="/root/backups/temp/" # File to log the outcome of backups
LOGFILE="/root/backups/backup.log" # OPTIONAL: If you want backup MySQL database, enter the MySQL root password below
MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD="" # Below is a list of MySQL database name that will be backed up
# If you want backup ALL databases, leave it blank.
MYSQL_DATABASE_NAME[]="" # Below is a list of files and directories that will be backed up in the tar backup
# For example:
# File: /data/www/default/test.tgz
# Directory: /data/www/default/test
BACKUP[]="" # Number of days to store daily local backups (default days)
LOCALAGEDAILIES="" # Delete Googole Drive's & FTP server's remote file flag (true: delete, false: not delete)
DELETE_REMOTE_FILE_FLG=false # Upload to FTP server flag (true: upload, false: not upload)
FTP_FLG=false # FTP server
# OPTIONAL: If you want upload to FTP server, enter the Hostname or IP address below
FTP_HOST="" # FTP username
# OPTIONAL: If you want upload to FTP server, enter the FTP username below
FTP_USER="" # FTP password
# OPTIONAL: If you want upload to FTP server, enter the username's password below
FTP_PASS="" # FTP server remote folder
# OPTIONAL: If you want upload to FTP server, enter the FTP remote folder below
# For example: public_html
FTP_DIR="" ########## END OF CONFIG ########## # Date & Time
DAY=$(date +%d)
MONTH=$(date +%m)
YEAR=$(date +%C%y)
BACKUPDATE=$(date +%Y%m%d%H%M%S)
# Backup file name
TARFILE="${LOCALDIR}""$(hostname)"_"${BACKUPDATE}".tgz
# Encrypted backup file name
ENC_TARFILE="${TARFILE}.enc"
# Backup MySQL dump file name
SQLFILE="${TEMPDIR}mysql_${BACKUPDATE}.sql" log() {
echo "$(date "+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")" "$1"
echo -e "$(date "+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")" "$1" >> ${LOGFILE}
} # Check for list of mandatory binaries
check_commands() {
# This section checks for all of the binaries used in the backup
BINARIES=( cat cd du date dirname echo openssl mysql mysqldump pwd rm tar ) # Iterate over the list of binaries, and if one isn't found, abort
for BINARY in "${BINARIES[@]}"; do
if [ ! "$(command -v "$BINARY")" ]; then
log "$BINARY is not installed. Install it and try again"
exit
fi
done # check gdrive command
GDRIVE_COMMAND=false
if [ "$(command -v "gdrive")" ]; then
GDRIVE_COMMAND=true
fi # check ftp command
if ${FTP_FLG}; then
if [ ! "$(command -v "ftp")" ]; then
log "ftp is not installed. Install it and try again"
exit
fi
fi
} calculate_size() {
local file_name=$
local file_size=$(du -h $file_name >/dev/null | awk '{print $1}')
if [ "x${file_size}" = "x" ]; then
echo "unknown"
else
echo "${file_size}"
fi
} # Backup MySQL databases
mysql_backup() {
if [ -z ${MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD} ]; then
log "MySQL root password not set, MySQL backup skipped"
else
log "MySQL dump start"
mysql -u root -p"${MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD}" >/dev/null <<EOF
exit
EOF
if [ $? -ne ]; then
log "MySQL root password is incorrect. Please check it and try again"
exit
fi if [ "${MYSQL_DATABASE_NAME[*]}" == "" ]; then
mysqldump -u root -p"${MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD}" --all-databases > "${SQLFILE}" >/dev/null
if [ $? -ne ]; then
log "MySQL all databases backup failed"
exit
fi
log "MySQL all databases dump file name: ${SQLFILE}"
#Add MySQL backup dump file to BACKUP list
BACKUP=(${BACKUP[*]} ${SQLFILE})
else
for db in ${MYSQL_DATABASE_NAME[*]}
do
unset DBFILE
DBFILE="${TEMPDIR}${db}_${BACKUPDATE}.sql"
mysqldump -u root -p"${MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD}" ${db} > "${DBFILE}" >/dev/null
if [ $? -ne ]; then
log "MySQL database name [${db}] backup failed, please check database name is correct and try again"
exit
fi
log "MySQL database name [${db}] dump file name: ${DBFILE}"
#Add MySQL backup dump file to BACKUP list
BACKUP=(${BACKUP[*]} ${DBFILE})
done
fi
log "MySQL dump completed"
fi
} start_backup() {
[ "${BACKUP[*]}" == "" ] && echo "Error: You must to modify the [$(basename $0)] config before run it!" && exit log "Tar backup file start"
tar -zcPf ${TARFILE} ${BACKUP[*]}
if [ $? -gt ]; then
log "Tar backup file failed"
exit
fi
log "Tar backup file completed" # Encrypt tar file
if ${ENCRYPTFLG}; then
log "Encrypt backup file start"
openssl enc -aes256 -in "${TARFILE}" -out "${ENC_TARFILE}" -pass pass:"${BACKUPPASS}" -md sha1
log "Encrypt backup file completed" # Delete unencrypted tar
log "Delete unencrypted tar file: ${TARFILE}"
rm -f ${TARFILE}
fi # Delete MySQL temporary dump file
for sql in `ls ${TEMPDIR}*.sql`
do
log "Delete MySQL temporary dump file: ${sql}"
rm -f ${sql}
done if ${ENCRYPTFLG}; then
OUT_FILE="${ENC_TARFILE}"
else
OUT_FILE="${TARFILE}"
fi
log "File name: ${OUT_FILE}, File size: `calculate_size ${OUT_FILE}`"
} # Transfer backup file to Google Drive
# If you want to install gdrive command, please visit website:
# https://github.com/prasmussen/gdrive
# of cause, you can use below command to install it
# For x86_64: wget -O /usr/bin/gdrive http://dl.lamp.sh/files/gdrive-linux-x64; chmod +x /usr/bin/gdrive
# For i386: wget -O /usr/bin/gdrive http://dl.lamp.sh/files/gdrive-linux-386; chmod +x /usr/bin/gdrive
gdrive_upload() {
if ${GDRIVE_COMMAND}; then
log "Tranferring backup file to Google Drive"
gdrive upload --no-progress ${OUT_FILE} >> ${LOGFILE}
if [ $? -ne ]; then
log "Error: Tranferring backup file to Google Drive failed"
exit
fi
log "Tranferring backup file to Google Drive completed"
fi
} # Tranferring backup file to FTP server
ftp_upload() {
if ${FTP_FLG}; then
[ -z ${FTP_HOST} ] && log "Error: FTP_HOST can not be empty!" && exit
[ -z ${FTP_USER} ] && log "Error: FTP_USER can not be empty!" && exit
[ -z ${FTP_PASS} ] && log "Error: FTP_PASS can not be empty!" && exit
[ -z ${FTP_DIR} ] && log "Error: FTP_DIR can not be empty!" && exit local FTP_OUT_FILE=$(basename ${OUT_FILE})
log "Tranferring backup file to FTP server"
ftp -in ${FTP_HOST} >& >> ${LOGFILE} <<EOF
user $FTP_USER $FTP_PASS
binary
lcd $LOCALDIR
cd $FTP_DIR
put $FTP_OUT_FILE
quit
EOF
log "Tranferring backup file to FTP server completed"
fi
} # Get file date
get_file_date() {
#Approximate a -day month and -day year
DAYS=$(( $((#${YEAR}*)) + $((#${MONTH}*)) + $((#${DAY})) )) unset FILEYEAR FILEMONTH FILEDAY FILEDAYS FILEAGE
FILEYEAR=$(echo "$1" | cut -d_ -f2 | cut -c -)
FILEMONTH=$(echo "$1" | cut -d_ -f2 | cut -c -)
FILEDAY=$(echo "$1" | cut -d_ -f2 | cut -c -) if [[ "${FILEYEAR}" && "${FILEMONTH}" && "${FILEDAY}" ]]; then
#Approximate a -day month and -day year
FILEDAYS=$(( $((#${FILEYEAR}*)) + $((#${FILEMONTH}*)) + $((#${FILEDAY})) ))
FILEAGE=$(( #${DAYS} - #${FILEDAYS} ))
return
fi return
} # Delete Google Drive's old backup file
delete_gdrive_file() {
local FILENAME=$
if ${DELETE_REMOTE_FILE_FLG} && ${GDRIVE_COMMAND}; then
local FILEID=$(gdrive list -q "name = '${FILENAME}'" --no-header | awk '{print $1}')
if [ -n ${FILEID} ]; then
gdrive delete ${FILEID} >> ${LOGFILE}
log "Google Drive's old backup file name: ${FILENAME} has been deleted"
fi
fi
} # Delete FTP server's old backup file
delete_ftp_file() {
local FILENAME=$
if ${DELETE_REMOTE_FILE_FLG} && ${FTP_FLG}; then
ftp -in ${FTP_HOST} >& >> ${LOGFILE} <<EOF
user $FTP_USER $FTP_PASS
cd $FTP_DIR
del $FILENAME
quit
EOF
log "FTP server's old backup file name: ${FILENAME} has been deleted"
fi
} # Clean up old file
clean_up_files() {
cd ${LOCALDIR} || exit if ${ENCRYPTFLG}; then
LS=($(ls *.enc))
else
LS=($(ls *.tgz))
fi for f in ${LS[@]}
do
get_file_date ${f}
if [ $? == ]; then
if [[ ${FILEAGE} -gt ${LOCALAGEDAILIES} ]]; then
rm -f ${f}
log "Old backup file name: ${f} has been deleted"
delete_gdrive_file ${f}
delete_ftp_file ${f}
fi
fi
done
} # Main progress
STARTTIME=$(date +%s) # Check if the backup folders exist and are writeable
if [ ! -d "${LOCALDIR}" ]; then
mkdir -p ${LOCALDIR}
fi
if [ ! -d "${TEMPDIR}" ]; then
mkdir -p ${TEMPDIR}
fi log "Backup progress start"
check_commands
mysql_backup
start_backup
log "Backup progress complete" log "Upload progress start"
gdrive_upload
ftp_upload
log "Upload progress complete" clean_up_files ENDTIME=$(date +%s)
DURATION=$((ENDTIME - STARTTIME))
log "All done"
log "Backup and transfer completed in ${DURATION} seconds"
最后,欢迎交流和提出意见。
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