201771010135 杨蓉庆/张燕/杨玲《面对对象程序设计（java）》第十四周学习总结

1、实验目的与要求

(1) 掌握GUI布局管理器用法；

(2) 掌握各类Java Swing组件用途及常用API

一、理论知识

 Swing和MVC设计模式

（1）设计模式（Design pattern）是设计者一种流行的 思考设计问题的方法，是一套被反复使用，多数人 知晓的，经过分类编目的，代码设计经验的总结。

（2）模型-视图-控制器设计模式(Model –ViewController )是Java EE平台下创建 Web 应用程序 的重要设计模式。

（3）MVC设计模式 – Model（模型）：是程序中用于处理程序数据逻 辑的部分，通常模型负责在数据库中存取数据。

– View（视图）：是程序中处理数据显示的部分， 通常视图依据模型存取的数据创建。

– Controller（控制器）：是程序中处理用户交互 的部分。通常控制器负责从视图读取数据，控制 用户输入，并向模型发送数据。

（4）Java组件有内容、外观、行为三个主要元素；

 布局管理器

（1）布局管理器是一组类。 – 实现 java.awt.LayoutManager 接口 – 决定容器中组件的位置和大小

Java.awt包中定义了5种布局管理类，每一种布 局管理类对应一种布局策略。

每个容器都有与之相关的默认布局管理器。

（2）5种布局管理器：（1）FlowLayout: 流布局(Applet和Panel的默认 布局管理器） （2）BorderLayout:边框布局( Window、Frame和 Dialog的默认布局管理器） （3）GridLayout: 网格布局 （4）GridBagLayout: 网格组布局 （5）CardLayout :卡片布局

3、GridLayout的构造函数如下：1、GridLayout():生成一个单行单列的网格布局

2、GridLayout(int rows,int cols):生成一个设定行数 和列数的网格布局

3、GridLayout(int rows,int columns,int hgap,int vgap)： 可以设置组件之间的水平和垂直间隔

 文本输入

（1）文本域(JTextField) : 用于获取单行文本输入。

（2）文本区（JTextArea）组件可让用户输入多行文 本。生成JTextArea组件对象时，可以指定文本 区的行数和列数： textArea = new JTextArea(8, 40);

(3)文本区与文本域的异同相同之处： 文本域和文本区组件都可用于获取文本输入。

不同之处：  文本域只能接受单行文本的输入；  文本区能够接受多行文本的输入。

(4)文本区JTextArea的常用API：Java.swing. JTextArea 1.2 – JTextArea(int rows, int cols)

构造一个rows行cols列的文本区对象 – JTextArea(String text，int rows, int cols)

用初始文本构造一个文本区对象 – void setRows(int rows)

设置文本域使用的行数 – void append(String newText)

将给定文本附加到文本区中已有文本的后面 – void setLineWrap(boolean wrap)

打开或关闭换行

（5）标签组件：标签是容纳文本的组件。它们没有任何修饰（如没有边界 ），也不响应用户输入。

 标签的常用用途之一就是标识组件，例如标识文本域。其使用步骤如下：

1. 创建一个JLabel组件

2. 将标签组件放置在距离被标识组件足够近的地方。

（6）密码域：密码域是一种特殊类型的文本域。每个输入的字 符都用回显字符实现,典型的回显字符为*。

– JPassWordField(String text, int columns） 构造一个密码域对象

（7）滚动窗格：

Swing中文本区没有滚动条，若需要滚动条。将文 本区放入一个滚动窗格中即可。

常用API—Java.swing. JScrollPane(教材340页) – JScrollPane(Component c) 在组件c上添加滚动条，返回添加后的组件。

 选择组件

复选框  单选按钮  边框  组合框  滑动条

（1）复选框构造器 1.bold = new JCheckBox("Bold"); 复选框自动地带有表示标签。

2. JCheckBox(String label,Icon icon); 构造带有标签与图标的复选框，默认初始未被选择。

3.JCheckBox(String label,boolean state); 用指定的标签和初始化选择状态构造一个复选框

（2）单选按钮的构造器（教材492页） 1.JRadioButton(String label,Icon icon); 创建一个带标签和图标的单选按钮

2.JRadioButton(String label,boolean state); 用指定的标签和初始化状态构造单选按钮

（3）按钮组：为单选按钮组构造一个ButtonGroup的对象。 然后，再将JRadioButton类型的对象添加到按钮 组中。按钮组负责在新按钮被按下的时，取消前一 个按钮的选择状态。

（4）如果在一个窗口中 有多组复选框或单选按 钮，就需要可视化的形 式指明哪些按钮属于同 一组。Swing提供了一 组很有用的边框

（5）如果有多个选择项，使用单选按钮占据的屏幕空 间太大时，就可以选择组合框。

faceCombo = new JComboBox()； faceCombo.setEditable(true);

让组合框可编辑 faceCombo.addItem("Serif"); faceCombo.insertItemAt("Monospace",0);

增加组合框选项 faceCombo.removeItem("Monospace");

faceCombo.removeItemAt(0); 删除组合框选项内容

（6）组合框的事件监听：为了判断组合框的哪个选项被选择，可通过 事件参数调用getSource方法来得到发送事件的组 合框引用，接着调用getSelectdeItem方法获取当 前选择的选项。

（7）滑动条：滑动条可以让用户从一组离散值中进行选择 ，并且它还允许进行连续值得选择。

 菜单

菜单创建  菜单项中的图标  复选框和单选按钮菜单项  弹出菜单  快捷键和加速器  启用和禁用菜单项  工具栏  工具提示

网格组布局 (GridBagLayout):GridBagLayout与GridLayout有点相似，它也是 将组件排在格子里，但是GridBagLayout在网格 的基础上提供更复杂的布局。

GridBagLayout允许单个组件在一个单元中不填 满整个单元，而只是占用最佳大小，也允许单个 组件扩展成不止一个单元，并且可以用任意顺序 加入组件。

定制布局管理器: 程序员可通过自己设计LayoutManager类来实现 特殊的布局方式。

定制布局管理器需要实现LayoutManager接口， 并覆盖以下方法。

 对话框

选项对话框   创建对话框   数据选择   文件对话框  颜色选择器

(1)对话框是一种大小不能变化、不能有菜单的容器窗口； 对话框不能作为一个应用程序的主框架，而必须包含在其 他的容器中。

(2)选项对话框:JOptionPane提供的对话框是模式对话框。当模 式对话框显示时，它不允许用户输入到程序的 其他的窗口。使用JOptionPane，可以创建和自 定义问题、信息、警告和错误等几种类型的对 话框。

(3)数据交换:输入对话框含有供用户输入文本的文本框、一个确认和取 消按钮,是有模式对话框。当输入对话框可见时,要求用户 输入一个字符串。

(4)文件对话框:专门用于对文件（或目录）进行浏览和选择的对 话框，常用的构造方法: – JFileChooser()：根据用户的缺省目录创建文件对话框 – JFileChooser(File currentDirectory)：根据File型参数 currentDirectory指定的目录创建文件对话框

(5)颜色对话框: javax.swing包中的JColorChooser类的静态方 法: public static Color showDialog(Component component, String title, Color initialColor)创建一个颜色对话框

(6)参数component指定对话框所依赖的组件，title 指定对话框的标题；initialColor 指定对话框返回 的初始颜色，即对话框消失后，返回的默认值。 颜色对话框可根据用户在颜色对话框中选择的颜 色返回一个颜色对象.

二、实验内容和步骤

实验1： 导入第12章示例程序，测试程序并进行组内讨论。

测试程序1

l 在elipse IDE中运行教材479页程序12-1，结合运行结果理解程序；

l 掌握各种布局管理器的用法；

l 理解GUI界面中事件处理技术的用途。

在布局管理应用代码处添加注释；

package calculator;
 
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import javax.swing.*;
 
/**
 * A panel with calculator buttons and a result display.
 */
public class CalculatorPanel extends JPanel
{
    //定义了五个对象
   private JButton display;
   private JPanel panel;
   private double result;
   private String lastCommand;
   private boolean start;
 
   public CalculatorPanel()
   {
      setLayout(new BorderLayout());
 
      result = 0;
      lastCommand = "=";
      start = true;
 
      // add the display
 
      display = new JButton("0");// display用来显示一个算法的结果
      display.setEnabled(false);
      add(display, BorderLayout.NORTH);
      //定义了两个监听器对象
      ActionListener insert = new InsertAction();
      ActionListener command = new CommandAction();
 
      // add the buttons in a 4 x 4 grid
 
      panel = new JPanel();//容器组件
      panel.setLayout(new GridLayout(4, 4));//四行四列的网格
     //调用addButton方法来添加按钮
      addButton("3", insert);
      addButton("6", insert);
      addButton("9", insert);
      addButton("/", command);
 
      addButton("2", insert);
      addButton("5", insert);
      addButton("8", insert);
      addButton("*", command);
 
      addButton("1", insert);
      addButton("4", insert);
      addButton("7", insert);
      addButton("-", command);
 
      addButton("0", insert);
      addButton(".", insert);
      addButton("=", command);
      addButton("+", command);
      //创建了16个事件源
 
      add(panel, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
      JButton b1= new JButton("验证");
      add(b1, BorderLayout.CENTER);
   }
 
   /**
    * Adds a button to the center panel.
    * @param label the button label
    * @param listener the button listener
    */
   private void addButton(String label, ActionListener listener)
   {
      JButton button = new JButton(label);
      button.addActionListener(listener);
      panel.add(button);
   }
 
   /**
    * This action inserts the button action string to the end of the display text.
    */
   private class InsertAction implements ActionListener
   {
      public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event)
      {
         String input = event.getActionCommand();//通过事件源来获得动作
         if (start)
         {
            display.setText("");//用setText方法 来更改
            start = false;
         }
         display.setText(display.getText() + input);
      }
   }
 
   /**
    * This action executes the command that the button action string denotes.
    */
   private class CommandAction implements ActionListener
   {
      public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event)
      {
         String command = event.getActionCommand();
 
         if (start)
         {
            if (command.equals("-"))
            {
               display.setText(command);
               start = false;
            }
            else lastCommand = command;
         }
         else
         {
            calculate(Double.parseDouble(display.getText()));
            //将数字字符串转换成对应的数字，用parseDouble
            lastCommand = command;//控制变量
            start = true;
         }
      }
   }
 
   /**
    * Carries out the pending calculation.
    * @param x the value to be accumulated with the prior result.
    */
   public void calculate(double x)
   {
      if (lastCommand.equals("+")) result += x;
      else if (lastCommand.equals("-")) result -= x;
      else if (lastCommand.equals("*")) result *= x;
      else if (lastCommand.equals("/")) result /= x;
      else if (lastCommand.equals("=")) result = x;
      display.setText("" + result);//""的意义在于字符串的转换
   }
}

package calculator;
 
import javax.swing.*;
 
/**
 * A frame with a calculator panel.
 */
public class CalculatorFrame extends JFrame
{
   public CalculatorFrame()
   {
      add(new CalculatorPanel());
      pack();//用pack方法
   }
}

import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.*;
 
/**
 * @version 1.34 2015-06-12
 * @author Cay Horstmann
 */
public class Calculator
{
   public static void main(String[] args)
   {
      EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> {
         CalculatorFrame frame = new CalculatorFrame();
         frame.setTitle("Calculator") ;
         frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);////关闭界面的按钮操作
         frame.setVisible(true);//可见的
      });
   }
}

结果如下：

测试程序2

l 在elipse IDE中调试运行教材486页程序12-2，结合运行结果理解程序；

l 掌握各种文本组件的用法；

l 记录示例代码阅读理解中存在的问题与疑惑。

package text;
 
import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.GridLayout;
 
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.JPasswordField;
import javax.swing.JScrollPane;
import javax.swing.JTextArea;
import javax.swing.JTextField;
import javax.swing.SwingConstants;
 
/**
 * A frame with sample text components.
 */
public class TextComponentFrame extends JFrame
{  //定义网格的行数、列数
   public static final int TEXTAREA_ROWS = 8;
   public static final int TEXTAREA_COLUMNS = 20;
 
   public TextComponentFrame()
   {
      JTextField textField = new JTextField();//创建一个新的文本域
      JPasswordField passwordField = new JPasswordField();
 
      JPanel northPanel = new JPanel();//构造一个JPanel组件
      northPanel.setLayout(new GridLayout(2, 2));//设置布局管理器
      northPanel.add(new JLabel("User name: ", SwingConstants.RIGHT));//指定右对齐标签
      northPanel.add(textField);
      northPanel.add(new JLabel("Password: ", SwingConstants.RIGHT));
      northPanel.add(passwordField);
 
      add(northPanel, BorderLayout.NORTH);//add方法
 
      JTextArea textArea = new JTextArea(TEXTAREA_ROWS, TEXTAREA_COLUMNS);
      JScrollPane scrollPane = new JScrollPane(textArea);
 
      add(scrollPane, BorderLayout.CENTER);
 
      // add button to append text into the text area
 
      JPanel southPanel = new JPanel();
 
      JButton insertButton = new JButton("Insert");
      southPanel.add(insertButton);
      insertButton.addActionListener(event ->
         textArea.append("User name: " + textField.getText() + " Password: "
            + new String(passwordField.getPassword()) + "\n"));
 
      add(southPanel, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
      pack();
   }
}

Text

package text;
 
import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.*;
 
/**
 * @version 1.41 2015-06-12
 * @author Cay Horstmann
 */
public class TextComponentTest
{
   public static void main(String[] args)
   {
      EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> {
         JFrame frame = new TextComponentFrame();//生成 TextComponentFrame类的GUI界面对象
         frame.setTitle("TextComponentTest");
         frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);//关闭界面的按钮操作
         frame.setVisible(true);//使结果可见的
      });
   }
}

text

结果如下：

测试程序3

l 在elipse IDE中调试运行教材489页程序12-3，结合运行结果理解程序；

l 掌握复选框组件的用法；

l 记录示例代码阅读理解中存在的问题与疑惑。

package checkBox;
 
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import javax.swing.*;
 
/**
 * A frame with a sample text label and check boxes for selecting font
 * attributes.
 */
public class CheckBoxFrame extends JFrame
{  //定义四个私有属性
   private JLabel label;
   private JCheckBox bold;
   private JCheckBox italic;
   private static final int FONTSIZE = 24;
 
   public CheckBoxFrame()
   {
      // add the sample text label
       //添加示例文本标签
 
      label = new JLabel("The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.");//创建新标签
      label.setFont(new Font("Serif", Font.BOLD, FONTSIZE));//设置字体
      add(label, BorderLayout.CENTER);
 
      // this listener sets the font attribute of
      // the label to the check box state
 
      ActionListener listener = event -> {
         int mode = 0;
         if (bold.isSelected()) mode += Font.BOLD;
         if (italic.isSelected()) mode += Font.ITALIC;
         label.setFont(new Font("Serif", mode, FONTSIZE));//设置面板中的字体
      };
 
      // add the check boxes
 
      JPanel buttonPanel = new JPanel();
 
      bold = new JCheckBox("Bold");//在构造器中指定标签文本
      bold.addActionListener(listener);
      bold.setSelected(true);//返回每个复选框的当前状态
      buttonPanel.add(bold);
 
      italic = new JCheckBox("Italic");
      italic.addActionListener(listener);
      buttonPanel.add(italic);
 
      add(buttonPanel, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
      pack();//调整此窗口的大小
   }
}
 
package checkBox;
 
import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.*;
 
/**
 * @version 1.34 2015-06-12
 * @author Cay Horstmann
 */
public class CheckBoxTest
{
   public static void main(String[] args)
   {
      EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> {
         JFrame frame = new CheckBoxFrame();
         frame.setTitle("CheckBoxTest");//设置Title为复选框
         frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
         frame.setVisible(true);
      });
   }
}

CheckBoxTest

结果如下：

测试程序4

l 在elipse IDE中调试运行教材491页程序12-4，运行结果理解程序；

l 掌握单选按钮组件的用法；

l 记录示例代码阅读理解中存在的问题与疑惑。

package radioButton;
 
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import javax.swing.*;
 
/**
 * A frame with a sample text label and radio buttons for selecting font sizes.
 */
public class RadioButtonFrame extends JFrame//单选按钮
{ //定义四个私有属性
   private JPanel buttonPanel;
   private ButtonGroup group;
   private JLabel label;
   private static final int DEFAULT_SIZE = 36;
 
   public RadioButtonFrame()
   {
      // add the sample text label
 
      label = new JLabel("The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.");
      label.setFont(new Font("Serif", Font.PLAIN, DEFAULT_SIZE));//设置新字体
      add(label, BorderLayout.CENTER);
 
      // add the radio buttons
 
      buttonPanel = new JPanel();
      group = new ButtonGroup();
     //添加单选框按钮
      addRadioButton("Small", 8);
      addRadioButton("Medium", 12);
      addRadioButton("Large", 18);
      addRadioButton("Extra large", 36);
 
      add(buttonPanel, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
      pack();//调整窗口的大小
   }
 
   /**
    * Adds a radio button that sets the font size of the sample text.
    * @param name the string to appear on the button
    * @param size the font size that this button sets
    */
   public void addRadioButton(String name, int size)
   {
      boolean selected = size == DEFAULT_SIZE;//布尔类型，大小的定义
      JRadioButton button = new JRadioButton(name, selected);
      group.add(button);
      buttonPanel.add(button);
 
      // this listener sets the label font size
      //这个监听器设置标签字体大小
 
      ActionListener listener = event -> label.setFont(new Font("Serif", Font.PLAIN, size));//表明新的字体，大小
 
      button.addActionListener(listener);
   }
}

radioButton

结果如下：

测试程序5

l 在elipse IDE中调试运行教材494页程序12-5，结合运行结果理解程序；

l 掌握边框的用法；

l 记录示例代码阅读理解中存在的问题与疑惑。

package border;
 
import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.*;
import javax.swing.border.*;
 
/**
 * A frame with radio buttons to pick a border style.
 */
public class BorderFrame extends JFrame
{
   private JPanel demoPanel;
   private JPanel buttonPanel;
   private ButtonGroup group;
 
   public BorderFrame()
   {
      demoPanel = new JPanel();
      buttonPanel = new JPanel();
      group = new ButtonGroup();
 
      addRadioButton("Lowered bevel", BorderFactory.createLoweredBevelBorder());
      addRadioButton("Raised bevel", BorderFactory.createRaisedBevelBorder());
      addRadioButton("Etched", BorderFactory.createEtchedBorder());
      addRadioButton("Line", BorderFactory.createLineBorder(Color.BLUE));
      addRadioButton("Matte", BorderFactory.createMatteBorder(10, 10, 10, 10, Color.BLUE));
      addRadioButton("Empty", BorderFactory.createEmptyBorder());
 
      Border etched = BorderFactory.createEtchedBorder();
      Border titled = BorderFactory.createTitledBorder(etched, "Border types");
      buttonPanel.setBorder(titled);
 
      setLayout(new GridLayout(2, 1));
      add(buttonPanel);
      add(demoPanel);
      pack();
   }
 
   public void addRadioButton(String buttonName, Border b)
   {
      JRadioButton button = new JRadioButton(buttonName);
      button.addActionListener(event -> demoPanel.setBorder(b));
      group.add(button);
      buttonPanel.add(button);
   }
}
 
package border;
 
import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.*;
 
/**
 * @version 1.34 2015-06-13
 * @author Cay Horstmann
 */
public class BorderTest
{
   public static void main(String[] args)
   {
      EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> {
         JFrame frame = new BorderFrame();
         frame.setTitle("BorderTest");
         frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
         frame.setVisible(true);
      });
   }
}

BorderFrame

测试程序6

l 在elipse IDE中调试运行教材498页程序12-6，结合运行结果理解程序；

l 掌握组合框组件的用法；

l 记录示例代码阅读理解中存在的问题与疑惑。

package comboBox;
 
import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.Font;
 
import javax.swing.JComboBox;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
 
/**
 * A frame with a sample text label and a combo box for selecting font faces.
 */
public class ComboBoxFrame extends JFrame
{
   private JComboBox<String> faceCombo;//定义组合框面
   private JLabel label;//定义标签
   private static final int DEFAULT_SIZE = 24;
 
   public ComboBoxFrame()
   {
      // add the sample text label
 
      label = new JLabel("The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.");
      label.setFont(new Font("Serif", Font.PLAIN, DEFAULT_SIZE));//设置组件的字体
      add(label, BorderLayout.CENTER);
 
      // make a combo box and add face names
      //调用addItem方法添加选项
      faceCombo = new JComboBox<>();
      faceCombo.addItem("Serif");
      faceCombo.addItem("SansSerif");
      faceCombo.addItem("Monospaced");
      faceCombo.addItem("Dialog");
      faceCombo.addItem("DialogInput");
 
      // the combo box listener changes the label font to the selected face name
 
      faceCombo.addActionListener(event ->//组合框产生一个动作事件
         label.setFont(
            new Font(faceCombo.getItemAt(faceCombo.getSelectedIndex()),
               Font.PLAIN, DEFAULT_SIZE)));
 
      // add combo box to a panel at the frame's southern border
 
      JPanel comboPanel = new JPanel();
      comboPanel.add(faceCombo);
      add(comboPanel, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
      pack();
   }
}

comboBox

测试程序7

l 在elipse IDE中调试运行教材501页程序12-7，结合运行结果理解程序；

l 掌握滑动条组件的用法；

l 记录示例代码阅读理解中存在的问题与疑惑。

package slider;
 
import java.awt.*;
import java.util.*;
import javax.swing.*;
import javax.swing.event.*;
 
/**
 * A frame with many sliders and a text field to show slider values.
 */
public class SliderFrame extends JFrame
{
   private JPanel sliderPanel;
   private JTextField textField;
   private ChangeListener listener;
 
   public SliderFrame()
   {
      sliderPanel = new JPanel();
      sliderPanel.setLayout(new GridBagLayout());
 
      // common listener for all sliders
      listener = event -> {
         // update text field when the slider value changes
         JSlider source = (JSlider) event.getSource();
         textField.setText("" + source.getValue());
      };
 
      // add a plain slider
      //添加一个普通滑块
 
      JSlider slider = new JSlider();//构造一个滑动条
      addSlider(slider, "Plain");
 
      // add a slider with major and minor ticks
 
       //添加一个有大和小刻度的滑块
      slider = new JSlider();
      slider.setPaintTicks(true);
      slider.setMajorTickSpacing(20);
      slider.setMinorTickSpacing(5);
      addSlider(slider, "Ticks");
 
      // add a slider that snaps to ticks
 
      slider = new JSlider();
      slider.setPaintTicks(true);//设置标尺标记
      slider.setSnapToTicks(true);
      slider.setMajorTickSpacing(20);//每20个单位的位置显示一个大标尺标记
      slider.setMinorTickSpacing(5);//每5个单位的位置显示一个小标尺标记
      addSlider(slider, "Snap to ticks");
 
      // add a slider with no track
      //添加一个没有轨道的滑块
      slider = new JSlider();
      slider.setPaintTicks(true);
      slider.setMajorTickSpacing(20);
      slider.setMinorTickSpacing(5);
      slider.setPaintTrack(false);
      addSlider(slider, "No track");//添加滑块“无磁块”
 
      // add an inverted slider
      //添加一个倒滑块
      slider = new JSlider();
      slider.setPaintTicks(true);
      slider.setMajorTickSpacing(20);
      slider.setMinorTickSpacing(5);
      slider.setInverted(true);
      addSlider(slider, "Inverted");
 
      // add a slider with numeric labels
 
      slider = new JSlider();
      slider.setPaintTicks(true);
      slider.setPaintLabels(true);
      slider.setMajorTickSpacing(20);
      slider.setMinorTickSpacing(5);
      addSlider(slider, "Labels");
 
      // add a slider with alphabetic labels
 
      slider = new JSlider();
      slider.setPaintLabels(true);
      slider.setPaintTicks(true);
      slider.setMajorTickSpacing(20);
      slider.setMinorTickSpacing(5);
 
      Dictionary<Integer, Component> labelTable = new Hashtable<>();
      labelTable.put(0, new JLabel("A"));
      labelTable.put(20, new JLabel("B"));
      labelTable.put(40, new JLabel("C"));
      labelTable.put(60, new JLabel("D"));
      labelTable.put(80, new JLabel("E"));
      labelTable.put(100, new JLabel("F"));
 
      slider.setLabelTable(labelTable);
      addSlider(slider, "Custom labels");
 
      // add a slider with icon labels
      //添加带有数字标签的滑块
 
      slider = new JSlider();
      slider.setPaintTicks(true);
      slider.setPaintLabels(true);//滑块设置面板标签
      slider.setSnapToTicks(true);
      slider.setMajorTickSpacing(20);
      slider.setMinorTickSpacing(20);
 
      labelTable = new Hashtable<Integer, Component>();
 
      // add card images
 
      labelTable.put(0, new JLabel(new ImageIcon("nine.gif")));
      labelTable.put(20, new JLabel(new ImageIcon("ten.gif")));
      labelTable.put(40, new JLabel(new ImageIcon("jack.gif")));
      labelTable.put(60, new JLabel(new ImageIcon("queen.gif")));
      labelTable.put(80, new JLabel(new ImageIcon("king.gif")));
      labelTable.put(100, new JLabel(new ImageIcon("ace.gif")));
 
      slider.setLabelTable(labelTable);
      addSlider(slider, "Icon labels");
 
      // add the text field that displays the slider value
 
      textField = new JTextField();
      add(sliderPanel, BorderLayout.CENTER);
      add(textField, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
      pack();
   }
 
   /**
    * Adds a slider to the slider panel and hooks up the listener
    * @param s the slider
    * @param description the slider description
    */
   public void addSlider(JSlider s, String description)
   {
      s.addChangeListener(listener);
      JPanel panel = new JPanel();
      panel.add(s);
      panel.add(new JLabel(description));
      panel.setAlignmentX(Component.LEFT_ALIGNMENT);//设置组件
      GridBagConstraints gbc = new GridBagConstraints();
      gbc.gridy = sliderPanel.getComponentCount();
      gbc.anchor = GridBagConstraints.WEST;
      sliderPanel.add(panel, gbc);
   }
}

slider

package slider;
 
import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.*;
 
/**
 * @version 1.15 2015-06-12
 * @author Cay Horstmann
 */
public class SliderTest
{
   public static void main(String[] args)
   {
      EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> {
         SliderFrame frame = new SliderFrame();//生成 SliderFrame类的GUI界面对象
         frame.setTitle("SliderTest");
         frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);////关闭界面的按钮操作
         frame.setVisible(true);//使结果可见
      });
   }

SliderTest

结果：

测试程序8

l 在elipse IDE中调试运行教材512页程序12-8，结合运行结果理解程序；

l 掌握菜单的创建、菜单事件监听器、复选框和单选按钮菜单项、弹出菜单以及快捷键和加速器的用法。

l 记录示例代码阅读理解中存在的问题与疑惑。

package menu;
 
import java.awt.event.*;
import javax.swing.*;
 
/**
 * A frame with a sample menu bar.
 */
public class MenuFrame extends JFrame
{
   private static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 300;
   private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 200;
   private Action saveAction;
   private Action saveAsAction;
   private JCheckBoxMenuItem readonlyItem;
   private JPopupMenu popup;
 
   /**
    * A sample action that prints the action name to System.out
    */
   class TestAction extends AbstractAction
   {
      public TestAction(String name)
      {
         super(name);
      }
 
      public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event)
      {
         System.out.println(getValue(Action.NAME) + " selected.");
      }
   }
 
   public MenuFrame()
   {
      setSize(DEFAULT_WIDTH, DEFAULT_HEIGHT);
 
      JMenu fileMenu = new JMenu("File");
      fileMenu.add(new TestAction("New"));
 
      // demonstrate accelerators
 
      JMenuItem openItem = fileMenu.add(new TestAction("Open"));
      openItem.setAccelerator(KeyStroke.getKeyStroke("ctrl O"));
 
      fileMenu.addSeparator();
 
      saveAction = new TestAction("Save");
      JMenuItem saveItem = fileMenu.add(saveAction);
      saveItem.setAccelerator(KeyStroke.getKeyStroke("ctrl S"));
 
      saveAsAction = new TestAction("Save As");
      fileMenu.add(saveAsAction);
      fileMenu.addSeparator();
 
      fileMenu.add(new AbstractAction("Exit")
         {
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event)
            {
               System.exit(0);
            }
         });
 
      // demonstrate checkbox and radio button menus
 
      readonlyItem = new JCheckBoxMenuItem("Read-only");
      readonlyItem.addActionListener(new ActionListener()
         {
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event)
            {
               boolean saveOk = !readonlyItem.isSelected();
               saveAction.setEnabled(saveOk);
               saveAsAction.setEnabled(saveOk);
            }
         });
 
      ButtonGroup group = new ButtonGroup();
 
      JRadioButtonMenuItem insertItem = new JRadioButtonMenuItem("Insert");
      insertItem.setSelected(true);
      JRadioButtonMenuItem overtypeItem = new JRadioButtonMenuItem("Overtype");
 
      group.add(insertItem);
      group.add(overtypeItem);
 
      // demonstrate icons
 
      Action cutAction = new TestAction("Cut");
      cutAction.putValue(Action.SMALL_ICON, new ImageIcon("cut.gif"));
      Action copyAction = new TestAction("Copy");
      copyAction.putValue(Action.SMALL_ICON, new ImageIcon("copy.gif"));
      Action pasteAction = new TestAction("Paste");
      pasteAction.putValue(Action.SMALL_ICON, new ImageIcon("paste.gif"));
 
      JMenu editMenu = new JMenu("Edit");
      editMenu.add(cutAction);
      editMenu.add(copyAction);
      editMenu.add(pasteAction);
 
      // demonstrate nested menus
 
      JMenu optionMenu = new JMenu("Options");
 
      optionMenu.add(readonlyItem);
      optionMenu.addSeparator();
      optionMenu.add(insertItem);
      optionMenu.add(overtypeItem);
 
      editMenu.addSeparator();
      editMenu.add(optionMenu);
 
      // demonstrate mnemonics
 
      JMenu helpMenu = new JMenu("Help");
      helpMenu.setMnemonic('H');
 
      JMenuItem indexItem = new JMenuItem("Index");
      indexItem.setMnemonic('I');
      helpMenu.add(indexItem);
 
      // you can also add the mnemonic key to an action
      Action aboutAction = new TestAction("About");
      aboutAction.putValue(Action.MNEMONIC_KEY, new Integer('A'));
      helpMenu.add(aboutAction);
 
      // add all top-level menus to menu bar
 
      JMenuBar menuBar = new JMenuBar();
      setJMenuBar(menuBar);
 
      menuBar.add(fileMenu);
      menuBar.add(editMenu);
      menuBar.add(helpMenu);
 
      // demonstrate pop-ups
 
      popup = new JPopupMenu();
      popup.add(cutAction);
      popup.add(copyAction);
      popup.add(pasteAction);
 
      JPanel panel = new JPanel();
      panel.setComponentPopupMenu(popup);
      add(panel);
   }
}

menu

package menu;
 
import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.*;
 
/**
 * @version 1.24 2012-06-12
 * @author Cay Horstmann
 */
public class MenuTest
{
   public static void main(String[] args)
   {
      EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> {
         JFrame frame = new MenuFrame();
         frame.setTitle("MenuTest");
         frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
         frame.setVisible(true);
      });
   }
}

menu

测试程序9（组内实验）

l 在elipse IDE中调试运行教材517页程序12-9，结合运行结果理解程序；

l 掌握工具栏和工具提示的用法；

l 记录示例代码阅读理解中存在的问题与疑惑。

package toolBar;
 
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import javax.swing.*;
 
/**
 * A frame with a toolbar and menu for color changes.
 */
public class ToolBarFrame extends JFrame
{  //定义两个私有属性
   private static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 300;
   private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 200;
   private JPanel panel;
 
   public ToolBarFrame() //定义工具提示类
   {
      setSize(DEFAULT_WIDTH, DEFAULT_HEIGHT);
 
      // add a panel for color change
 
      panel = new JPanel();//创建新的JPanel
      add(panel, BorderLayout.CENTER);
 
      // set up actions
      //建立动作
 
      Action blueAction = new ColorAction("Blue", new ImageIcon("blue-ball.gif"), Color.BLUE);
      Action yellowAction = new ColorAction("Yellow", new ImageIcon("yellow-ball.gif"),
            Color.YELLOW);
      Action redAction = new ColorAction("Red", new ImageIcon("red-ball.gif"), Color.RED);
 
      Action exitAction = new AbstractAction("Exit", new ImageIcon("exit.gif"))
         {
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event)
            {
               System.exit(0);
            }
         };
      exitAction.putValue(Action.SHORT_DESCRIPTION, "Exit");
 
      // populate toolbar
 
      JToolBar bar = new JToolBar();
      bar.add(blueAction);//用Action对象填充工具栏
      bar.add(yellowAction);
      bar.add(redAction);
      bar.addSeparator();//用分隔符将按钮分组
      bar.add(exitAction);
      add(bar, BorderLayout.NORTH);
 
      // populate menu
 
      JMenu menu = new JMenu("Color");//显示颜色的菜单
      menu.add(yellowAction);//在菜单添加颜色动作
      menu.add(blueAction);
      menu.add(redAction);
      menu.add(exitAction);
      JMenuBar menuBar = new JMenuBar();
      menuBar.add(menu);
      setJMenuBar(menuBar);
   }
 
   /**
    * The color action sets the background of the frame to a given color.
    */
   class ColorAction extends AbstractAction
   {
      public ColorAction(String name, Icon icon, Color c)
      {
         putValue(Action.NAME, name);//动作名称，显示在按钮和菜单
         putValue(Action.SMALL_ICON, icon);//存储小图标的地方；显示在按钮、菜单项或工具栏中
         putValue(Action.SHORT_DESCRIPTION, name + " background");
         putValue("Color", c);
      }
 
      public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event)
      {
         Color c = (Color) getValue("Color");
         panel.setBackground(c);
      }
   }
}

toolbar

package toolBar;
 
import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.*;
 
/**
 * @version 1.14 2015-06-12
 * @author Cay Horstmann
 */
public class ToolBarTest
{
   public static void main(String[] args)
   {
      EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> {
         ToolBarFrame frame = new ToolBarFrame();//生成新的ToolBarFrame类的GUI界面
         frame.setTitle("ToolBarTest");
         frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);//关闭窗口界面
         frame.setVisible(true);//使结果可见
      });
   }

测试程序10

l 在elipse IDE中调试运行教材524页程序12-10、12-11，结合运行结果理解程序，了解GridbagLayout的用法。

l 在elipse IDE中调试运行教材533页程序12-12，结合程序运行结果理解程序，了解GroupLayout的用法。

l 记录示例代码阅读理解中存在的问题与疑惑。

测试程序11

l 在elipse IDE中调试运行教材539页程序12-13、12-14，结合运行结果理解程序；

l 掌握定制布局管理器的用法。

l 记录示例代码阅读理解中存在的问题与疑惑。

package circleLayout;
 
import java.awt.*;
 
/**
 * A layout manager that lays out components along a circle.
 */
public class CircleLayout implements LayoutManager
{//将布局管理器设置为空
   private int minWidth = 0;
   private int minHeight = 0;
   private int preferredWidth = 0;
   private int preferredHeight = 0;
   private boolean sizesSet = false;
   private int maxComponentWidth = 0;
   private int maxComponentHeight = 0;
 
   public void addLayoutComponent(String name, Component comp)//将组件添加到布局中
   {
   }
 
   public void removeLayoutComponent(Component comp)//从布局中删去一个组件
   {
   }
 
   public void setSizes(Container parent)
   {
      if (sizesSet) return;
      int n = parent.getComponentCount();
 
      preferredWidth = 0;
      preferredHeight = 0;
      minWidth = 0;
      minHeight = 0;
      maxComponentWidth = 0;
      maxComponentHeight = 0;
 
      // compute the maximum component widths and heights
      // and set the preferred size to the sum of the component sizes.
      for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
      {
         Component c = parent.getComponent(i);
         if (c.isVisible())
         {
            Dimension d = c.getPreferredSize();
            maxComponentWidth = Math.max(maxComponentWidth, d.width);
            maxComponentHeight = Math.max(maxComponentHeight, d.height);
            preferredWidth += d.width;
            preferredHeight += d.height;//计算最大组件宽度和高度
         }
      }
      minWidth = preferredWidth / 2;
      minHeight = preferredHeight / 2;
      sizesSet = true;
   }
 
   public Dimension preferredLayoutSize(Container parent)//返回布局下的容器的首选尺寸
   {
      setSizes(parent);
      Insets insets = parent.getInsets();
      int width = preferredWidth + insets.left + insets.right;
      int height = preferredHeight + insets.top + insets.bottom;//设置长、宽大小
      return new Dimension(width, height);
   }
 
   public Dimension minimumLayoutSize(Container parent)//返回布局下容器的最小尺寸
   {
      setSizes(parent);
      Insets insets = parent.getInsets();
      int width = minWidth + insets.left + insets.right;
      int height = minHeight + insets.top + insets.bottom;//设置最小尺寸
      return new Dimension(width, height);
   }
 
   public void layoutContainer(Container parent)
   {
      setSizes(parent);
 
      // compute center of the circle
      //计算圆的中心
      Insets insets = parent.getInsets();
      int containerWidth = parent.getSize().width - insets.left - insets.right;
      int containerHeight = parent.getSize().height - insets.top - insets.bottom;
 
      int xcenter = insets.left + containerWidth / 2;
      int ycenter = insets.top + containerHeight / 2;
 
      // compute radius of the circle
       //计算圆的半径
      int xradius = (containerWidth - maxComponentWidth) / 2;
      int yradius = (containerHeight - maxComponentHeight) / 2;
      int radius = Math.min(xradius, yradius);//
 
      // lay out components along the circle
      //在圆周上布置组件
 
      int n = parent.getComponentCount();
      for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
      {
         Component c = parent.getComponent(i);
         if (c.isVisible())
         {
            double angle = 2 * Math.PI * i / n;
 
            // center point of component
            int x = xcenter + (int) (Math.cos(angle) * radius);
            int y = ycenter + (int) (Math.sin(angle) * radius);
 
            // move component so that its center is (x, y)
            // and its size is its preferred size
            Dimension d = c.getPreferredSize();
            c.setBounds(x - d.width / 2, y - d.height / 2, d.width, d.height);
         }
      }
   }
}

CircleLayout

package circleLayout;
 
import javax.swing.*;
 
/**
 * A frame that shows buttons arranged along a circle.
 */
public class CircleLayoutFrame extends JFrame
{
   public CircleLayoutFrame()
   {//调用add方法来添加各种按钮
      setLayout(new CircleLayout());
      add(new JButton("Yellow"));
      add(new JButton("Blue"));
      add(new JButton("Red"));
      add(new JButton("Green"));
      add(new JButton("Orange"));
      add(new JButton("Fuchsia"));
      add(new JButton("Indigo"));
      pack();//调节大小
   }
}

1

package optionDialog;
 
import javax.swing.*;
 
/**
 * A panel with radio buttons inside a titled border.
 */
public class ButtonPanel extends JPanel
{
   private ButtonGroup group;
 
   /**
    * Constructs a button panel.
    * @param title the title shown in the border
    * @param options an array of radio button labels
    */
   public ButtonPanel(String title, String... options)
   {  //设置边框属性
      setBorder(BorderFactory.createTitledBorder(BorderFactory.createEtchedBorder(), title));
      setLayout(new BoxLayout(this, BoxLayout.Y_AXIS));
      group = new ButtonGroup();
 
      // make one radio button for each option
      //为每个选项设置一个单选按钮
      for (String option : options)
      {
         JRadioButton b = new JRadioButton(option);
         b.setActionCommand(option);
         add(b);
         group.add(b);
         b.setSelected(option == options[0]);
      }
   }
 
   /**
    * Gets the currently selected option.
    * @return the label of the currently selected radio button.
    */
   public String getSelection()
   {
      return group.getSelection().getActionCommand();
   }
}

Button

package circleLayout;
 
import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.*;
 
/**
 * @version 1.33 2015-06-12
 * @author Cay Horstmann
 */
public class CircleLayoutTest
{
   public static void main(String[] args)
   {
      EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> {
         JFrame frame = new CircleLayoutFrame();
         frame.setTitle("CircleLayoutTest");//设置标题为CircleLayoutTest
         frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);//关闭界面操作
         frame.setVisible(true);
      });
   }
}

main

测试程序12

l 在elipse IDE中调试运行教材544页程序12-15、12-16，结合运行结果理解程序；

l 掌握选项对话框的用法。

l 记录示例代码阅读理解中存在的问题与疑惑。

package optionDialog;
 
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.awt.geom.*;
import java.util.*;
import javax.swing.*;
 
/**
 * A frame that contains settings for selecting various option dialogs.
 */
public class OptionDialogFrame extends JFrame//对话框
{  //定义属性
   private ButtonPanel typePanel;
   private ButtonPanel messagePanel;
   private ButtonPanel messageTypePanel;
   private ButtonPanel optionTypePanel;
   private ButtonPanel optionsPanel;
   private ButtonPanel inputPanel;
   private String messageString = "Message";
   private Icon messageIcon = new ImageIcon("blue-ball.gif");
   private Object messageObject = new Date();
   private Component messageComponent = new SampleComponent();
 
   public OptionDialogFrame()
   {
      JPanel gridPanel = new JPanel();
      gridPanel.setLayout(new GridLayout(2, 3));
 
      typePanel = new ButtonPanel("Type", "Message", "Confirm", "Option", "Input");
      messageTypePanel = new ButtonPanel("Message Type", "ERROR_MESSAGE", "INFORMATION_MESSAGE",
            "WARNING_MESSAGE", "QUESTION_MESSAGE", "PLAIN_MESSAGE");
      messagePanel = new ButtonPanel("Message", "String", "Icon", "Component", "Other",
            "Object[]");
      optionTypePanel = new ButtonPanel("Confirm", "DEFAULT_OPTION", "YES_NO_OPTION",
            "YES_NO_CANCEL_OPTION", "OK_CANCEL_OPTION");
      optionsPanel = new ButtonPanel("Option", "String[]", "Icon[]", "Object[]");
      inputPanel = new ButtonPanel("Input", "Text field", "Combo box");
 
      gridPanel.add(typePanel);
      gridPanel.add(messageTypePanel);
      gridPanel.add(messagePanel);
      gridPanel.add(optionTypePanel);
      gridPanel.add(optionsPanel);
      gridPanel.add(inputPanel);
 
      // add a panel with a Show button
 
      JPanel showPanel = new JPanel();
      JButton showButton = new JButton("Show");
      showButton.addActionListener(new ShowAction());
      showPanel.add(showButton);
 
      add(gridPanel, BorderLayout.CENTER);
      add(showPanel, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
      pack();
   }
 
   /**
    * Gets the currently selected message.
    * @return a string, icon, component, or object array, depending on the Message panel selection
    */
   public Object getMessage()
   {
      String s = messagePanel.getSelection();
      if (s.equals("String")) return messageString;
      else if (s.equals("Icon")) return messageIcon;
      else if (s.equals("Component")) return messageComponent;
      else if (s.equals("Object[]")) return new Object[] { messageString, messageIcon,
            messageComponent, messageObject };
      else if (s.equals("Other")) return messageObject;
      else return null;
   }
 
   /**
    * Gets the currently selected options.
    * @return an array of strings, icons, or objects, depending on the Option panel selection
    */
   public Object[] getOptions()
   {
      String s = optionsPanel.getSelection();
      if (s.equals("String[]")) return new String[] { "Yellow", "Blue", "Red" };
      else if (s.equals("Icon[]")) return new Icon[] { new ImageIcon("yellow-ball.gif"),
            new ImageIcon("blue-ball.gif"), new ImageIcon("red-ball.gif") };
      else if (s.equals("Object[]")) return new Object[] { messageString, messageIcon,
            messageComponent, messageObject };
      else return null;
   }
 
   /**
    * Gets the selected message or option type
    * @param panel the Message Type or Confirm panel
    * @return the selected XXX_MESSAGE or XXX_OPTION constant from the JOptionPane class
    */
   public int getType(ButtonPanel panel)
   {
      String s = panel.getSelection();
      try
      {
         return JOptionPane.class.getField(s).getInt(null);
      }
      catch (Exception e)
      {
         return -1;
      }
   }
 
   /**
    * The action listener for the Show button shows a Confirm, Input, Message, or Option dialog
    * depending on the Type panel selection.
    */
   private class ShowAction implements ActionListener
   {
      public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event)
      {
         if (typePanel.getSelection().equals("Confirm")) JOptionPane.showConfirmDialog(
               OptionDialogFrame.this, getMessage(), "Title", getType(optionTypePanel),
               getType(messageTypePanel));
         else if (typePanel.getSelection().equals("Input"))
         {
            if (inputPanel.getSelection().equals("Text field")) JOptionPane.showInputDialog(
                  OptionDialogFrame.this, getMessage(), "Title", getType(messageTypePanel));
            else JOptionPane.showInputDialog(OptionDialogFrame.this, getMessage(), "Title",
                  getType(messageTypePanel), null, new String[] { "Yellow", "Blue", "Red" },
                  "Blue");
         }
         else if (typePanel.getSelection().equals("Message")) JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(
               OptionDialogFrame.this, getMessage(), "Title", getType(messageTypePanel));
         else if (typePanel.getSelection().equals("Option")) JOptionPane.showOptionDialog(
               OptionDialogFrame.this, getMessage(), "Title", getType(optionTypePanel),
               getType(messageTypePanel), null, getOptions(), getOptions()[0]);
      }
   }
}
 
/**
 * A component with a painted surface
 */
 
class SampleComponent extends JComponent
{
   public void paintComponent(Graphics g)
   {
      Graphics2D g2 = (Graphics2D) g;
      Rectangle2D rect = new Rectangle2D.Double(0, 0, getWidth() - 1, getHeight() - 1);
      g2.setPaint(Color.YELLOW);
      g2.fill(rect);
      g2.setPaint(Color.BLUE);
      g2.draw(rect);
   }
 
   public Dimension getPreferredSize()
   {
      return new Dimension(10, 10);
   }
}

option

package optionDialog;
 
import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.*;
 
/**
 * @version 1.34 2015-06-12
 * @author Cay Horstmann
 */
public class OptionDialogTest
{
   public static void main(String[] args)
   {
      EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> {
         JFrame frame = new OptionDialogFrame();
         frame.setTitle("OptionDialogTest");
         frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
         frame.setVisible(true);
      });
   }

option

测试程序13

l 在elipse IDE中调试运行教材552页程序12-17、12-18，结合运行结果理解程序；

l 掌握对话框的创建方法；

l 记录示例代码阅读理解中存在的问题与疑惑。

package optionDialog;
 
package dialog;
 
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JMenu;
import javax.swing.JMenuBar;
import javax.swing.JMenuItem;
 
/**
 * A frame with a menu whose File->About action shows a dialog.
 */
public class DialogFrame extends JFrame
{//定义长和宽的大小
   private static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 300;
   private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 200;
   private AboutDialog dialog;
 
   public DialogFrame()
   {
      setSize(DEFAULT_WIDTH, DEFAULT_HEIGHT);
 
      // Construct a File menu.
 
      JMenuBar menuBar = new JMenuBar();
      setJMenuBar(menuBar);
      JMenu fileMenu = new JMenu("File");
      menuBar.add(fileMenu);
 
      // Add About and Exit menu items.
 
      // The About item shows the About dialog.
 
      JMenuItem aboutItem = new JMenuItem("About");//建立新的对话框现象
      aboutItem.addActionListener(event -> {//并让他可见
         if (dialog == null) // first time
            dialog = new AboutDialog(DialogFrame.this);
         dialog.setVisible(true); // pop up dialog
      });
      fileMenu.add(aboutItem);
 
      // The Exit item exits the program.
      //按Exit退出程序
 
      JMenuItem exitItem = new JMenuItem("Exit");
      exitItem.addActionListener(event -> System.exit(0));
      fileMenu.add(exitItem);
   }
}

DialogFrame

package dialog;
 
import java.awt.BorderLayout;
 
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JDialog;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
 
/**
 * A sample modal dialog that displays a message and waits for the user to click the OK button.
 */
public class AboutDialog extends JDialog
{
   public AboutDialog(JFrame owner)
   {
      super(owner, "About DialogTest", true);
 
      // add HTML label to center
 
      add(
            new JLabel(
                  "<html><h1><i>Core Java</i></h1><hr>By Cay Horstmann</html>"),
            BorderLayout.CENTER);//将HTML标签添加到中心
 
      // OK button closes the dialog
      //OK按钮关闭对话框
      JButton ok = new JButton("OK");
      ok.addActionListener(event -> setVisible(false));//监听器对象
 
      // add OK button to southern border
 
      JPanel panel = new JPanel();//创建新面板
      panel.add(ok);
      add(panel, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
 
      pack();
   }
}

AboutDialog

package dialog;
 
import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.*;
 
/**
 * @version 1.34 2012-06-12
 * @author Cay Horstmann
 */
public class DialogTest
{
   public static void main(String[] args)
   {
      EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> {
         JFrame frame = new DialogFrame();
         frame.setTitle("DialogTest");
         frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
         frame.setVisible(true);
      });
   }

测试程序14

l 在elipse IDE中调试运行教材556页程序12-19、12-20，结合运行结果理解程序；

l 掌握对话框的数据交换用法;

l 记录示例代码阅读理解中存在的问题与疑惑。

package dataExchange;
 
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import javax.swing.*;
 
/**
 * A frame with a menu whose File->Connect action shows a password dialog.
 */
public class DataExchangeFrame extends JFrame
{
   public static final int TEXT_ROWS = 20;
   public static final int TEXT_COLUMNS = 40;
   private PasswordChooser dialog = null;
   private JTextArea textArea;
 
   public DataExchangeFrame()
   {
      // construct a File menu
 
      JMenuBar mbar = new JMenuBar();
      setJMenuBar(mbar);
      JMenu fileMenu = new JMenu("File");
      mbar.add(fileMenu);
 
      // add Connect and Exit menu items
 
      JMenuItem connectItem = new JMenuItem("Connect");
      connectItem.addActionListener(new ConnectAction());
      fileMenu.add(connectItem);
 
      // The Exit item exits the program
 
      JMenuItem exitItem = new JMenuItem("Exit");
      exitItem.addActionListener(event -> System.exit(0));
      fileMenu.add(exitItem);
 
      textArea = new JTextArea(TEXT_ROWS, TEXT_COLUMNS);
      add(new JScrollPane(textArea), BorderLayout.CENTER);
      pack();
   }
 
   /**
    * The Connect action pops up the password dialog.
    */
   private class ConnectAction implements ActionListener
   {
      public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event)
      {
         // if first time, construct dialog
 
         if (dialog == null) dialog = new PasswordChooser();
 
         // set default values
         dialog.setUser(new User("yourname", null));
 
         // pop up dialog
         if (dialog.showDialog(DataExchangeFrame.this, "Connect"))
         {
            // if accepted, retrieve user input
            User u = dialog.getUser();
            textArea.append("user name = " + u.getName() + ", password = "
                  + (new String(u.getPassword())) + "\n");
         }
      }
   }
}

DataExchangeFrame

package dataExchange;
 
import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.Component;
import java.awt.Frame;
import java.awt.GridLayout;
 
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JDialog;
import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.JPasswordField;
import javax.swing.JTextField;
import javax.swing.SwingUtilities;
 
/**
 * A password chooser that is shown inside a dialog
 */
public class PasswordChooser extends JPanel
{
   private JTextField username;
   private JPasswordField password;
   private JButton okButton;
   private boolean ok;
   private JDialog dialog;
 
   public PasswordChooser()
   {
      setLayout(new BorderLayout());
 
      // construct a panel with user name and password fields
 
      JPanel panel = new JPanel();
      panel.setLayout(new GridLayout(2, 2));
      panel.add(new JLabel("User name:"));
      panel.add(username = new JTextField(""));
      panel.add(new JLabel("Password:"));
      panel.add(password = new JPasswordField(""));
      add(panel, BorderLayout.CENTER);
 
      // create Ok and Cancel buttons that terminate the dialog
 
      okButton = new JButton("Ok");
      okButton.addActionListener(event -> {
         ok = true;
         dialog.setVisible(false);
      });
 
      JButton cancelButton = new JButton("Cancel");
      cancelButton.addActionListener(event -> dialog.setVisible(false));
 
      // add buttons to southern border
 
      JPanel buttonPanel = new JPanel();
      buttonPanel.add(okButton);
      buttonPanel.add(cancelButton);
      add(buttonPanel, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
   }
 
   /**
    * Sets the dialog defaults.
    * @param u the default user information
    */
   public void setUser(User u)
   {
      username.setText(u.getName());
   }
 
   /**
    * Gets the dialog entries.
    * @return a User object whose state represents the dialog entries
    */
   public User getUser()
   {
      return new User(username.getText(), password.getPassword());
   }
 
   /**
    * Show the chooser panel in a dialog
    * @param parent a component in the owner frame or null
    * @param title the dialog window title
    */
   public boolean showDialog(Component parent, String title)
   {
      ok = false;
 
      // locate the owner frame
 
      Frame owner = null;
      if (parent instanceof Frame)
         owner = (Frame) parent;
      else
         owner = (Frame) SwingUtilities.getAncestorOfClass(Frame.class, parent);
 
      // if first time, or if owner has changed, make new dialog
 
      if (dialog == null || dialog.getOwner() != owner)
      {
         dialog = new JDialog(owner, true);
         dialog.add(this);
         dialog.getRootPane().setDefaultButton(okButton);
         dialog.pack();
      }
 
      // set title and show dialog
 
      dialog.setTitle(title);
      dialog.setVisible(true);
      return ok;
   }
}

Password

package dataExchange;
 
/**
 * A user has a name and password. For security reasons, the password is stored as a char[], not a
 * String.
 */
public class User
{
   private String name;
   private char[] password;
 
   public User(String aName, char[] aPassword)
   {
      name = aName;
      password = aPassword;
   }
 
   public String getName()
   {
      return name;
   }
 
   public char[] getPassword()
   {
      return password;
   }
 
   public void setName(String aName)
   {
      name = aName;
   }
 
   public void setPassword(char[] aPassword)
   {
      password = aPassword;
   }
}

User

测试程序15

l 在elipse IDE中调试运行教材556页程序12-21、12-2212-23，结合程序运行结果理解程序；

l 掌握文件对话框的用法;

l 记录示例代码阅读理解中存在的问题与疑惑。

package fileChooser;
 
import java.awt.*;
import java.io.*;
 
import javax.swing.*;
 
/**
 * A file chooser accessory that previews images.
 */
public class ImagePreviewer extends JLabel
{
   /**
    * Constructs an ImagePreviewer.
    * @param chooser the file chooser whose property changes trigger an image
    *        change in this previewer
    */
   public ImagePreviewer(JFileChooser chooser)
   {
      setPreferredSize(new Dimension(100, 100));//设置此组件的首选大小
      setBorder(BorderFactory.createEtchedBorder());//设置此组件的边框
 
      chooser.addPropertyChangeListener(event -> {
         if (event.getPropertyName() == JFileChooser.SELECTED_FILE_CHANGED_PROPERTY)
         {
            // the user has selected a new file
            File f = (File) event.getNewValue();//创建一个新的文件对话框
            if (f == null)
            {
               setIcon(null);
               return;
            }
 
            // read the image into an icon
            //将图像读成图标
            ImageIcon icon = new ImageIcon(f.getPath());
 
            // if the icon is too large to fit, scale it
            //如果图标太大而无法容纳，将其缩放
            if (icon.getIconWidth() > getWidth())
               icon = new ImageIcon(icon.getImage().getScaledInstance(
                     getWidth(), -1, Image.SCALE_DEFAULT));
 
            setIcon(icon);//图标
         }
      });
   }
}

ImagePreviewer

package fileChooser;
 
import java.io.*;
 
import javax.swing.*;
import javax.swing.filechooser.*;
import javax.swing.filechooser.FileFilter;
 
/**
 * A frame that has a menu for loading an image and a display area for the
 * loaded image.
 */
public class ImageViewerFrame extends JFrame
{
   private static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 300;
   private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 400;
   private JLabel label;
   private JFileChooser chooser;
 
   public ImageViewerFrame()
   {
      setSize(DEFAULT_WIDTH, DEFAULT_HEIGHT);
 
      // set up menu bar
      JMenuBar menuBar = new JMenuBar();
      setJMenuBar(menuBar);
 
      JMenu menu = new JMenu("File");
      menuBar.add(menu);
 
      JMenuItem openItem = new JMenuItem("Open");
      menu.add(openItem);
      openItem.addActionListener(event -> {
         chooser.setCurrentDirectory(new File("."));
 
         // show file chooser dialog
            int result = chooser.showOpenDialog(ImageViewerFrame.this);
 
            // if image file accepted, set it as icon of the label
            if (result == JFileChooser.APPROVE_OPTION)
            {
               String name = chooser.getSelectedFile().getPath();
               label.setIcon(new ImageIcon(name));
               pack();
            }
         });
 
      JMenuItem exitItem = new JMenuItem("Exit");
      menu.add(exitItem);
      exitItem.addActionListener(event -> System.exit(0));
 
      // use a label to display the images
      //使用一个标签来显示图像标签
      label = new JLabel();
      add(label);
 
      // set up file chooser
      //设置文件选择器
      chooser = new JFileChooser();
 
      // accept all image files ending with .jpg, .jpeg, .gif
 
      FileFilter filter = new FileNameExtensionFilter(
            "Image files", "jpg", "jpeg", "gif");//接受各种形式
      chooser.setFileFilter(filter);
 
      chooser.setAccessory(new ImagePreviewer(chooser));
      //设置过滤器
      chooser.setFileView(new FileIconView(filter, new ImageIcon("palette.gif")));
   }
}

ImageViewerFrame

package fileChooser;
 
import java.io.*;
import javax.swing.*;
import javax.swing.filechooser.*;
import javax.swing.filechooser.FileFilter;
 
/**
 * A file view that displays an icon for all files that match a file filter.
 */
public class FileIconView extends FileView
{
   private FileFilter filter;
   private Icon icon;
 
   /**
    * Constructs a FileIconView.
    * @param aFilter a file filter--all files that this filter accepts will be shown
    * with the icon.
    * @param anIcon--the icon shown with all accepted files.
    */
   public FileIconView(FileFilter aFilter, Icon anIcon)
   {
      filter = aFilter;
      icon = anIcon;
   }
 
   public Icon getIcon(File f)
   {
      if (!f.isDirectory() && filter.accept(f)) return icon;
      else return null;
   }
}

FileIcon

package fileChooser;
 
import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.*;
 
/**
 * @version 1.25 2015-06-12
 * @author Cay Horstmann
 */
public class FileChooserTest
{
   public static void main(String[] args)
   {
      EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> {
         JFrame frame = new ImageViewerFrame();
         frame.setTitle("FileChooserTest");
         frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
         frame.setVisible(true);
      });
   }
}

测试程序16

l 在elipse IDE中调试运行教材570页程序12-24，结合运行结果理解程序；

l 了解颜色选择器的用法。

l 记录示例代码阅读理解中存在的问题与疑惑。

package colorChooser;
 
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Frame;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
 
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JColorChooser;
import javax.swing.JDialog;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
 
/**
 * A panel with buttons to pop up three types of color choosers
 */
public class ColorChooserPanel extends JPanel
{
   public ColorChooserPanel()//狗仔一个初始颜色的颜色选择器
   {
      JButton modalButton = new JButton("Modal");
      modalButton.addActionListener(new ModalListener());
      add(modalButton);
 
      JButton modelessButton = new JButton("Modeless");
      modelessButton.addActionListener(new ModelessListener());
      add(modelessButton);
 
      JButton immediateButton = new JButton("Immediate");
      immediateButton.addActionListener(new ImmediateListener());
      add(immediateButton);
   }
 
   /**
    * This listener pops up a modal color chooser
    */
   private class ModalListener implements ActionListener
   {
      public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event)
      {
         Color defaultColor = getBackground();
         Color selected = JColorChooser.showDialog(ColorChooserPanel.this, "Set background",
               defaultColor);
         if (selected != null) setBackground(selected);
      }
   }
 
   /**
    * This listener pops up a modeless color chooser. The panel color is changed when the user
    * clicks the OK button.
    */
   private class ModelessListener implements ActionListener
   {
      private JDialog dialog;
      private JColorChooser chooser;
 
      public ModelessListener()
      {
         chooser = new JColorChooser();
         dialog = JColorChooser.createDialog(ColorChooserPanel.this, "Background Color",
               false /* not modal */, chooser,
               event -> setBackground(chooser.getColor()),
               null /* no Cancel button listener */);
      }
 
      public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event)
      {
         chooser.setColor(getBackground());
         dialog.setVisible(true);
      }
   }
 
   /**
    * This listener pops up a modeless color chooser. The panel color is changed immediately when
    * the user picks a new color.
    */
   private class ImmediateListener implements ActionListener
   {
      private JDialog dialog;
      private JColorChooser chooser;
 
      public ImmediateListener()
      {
         chooser = new JColorChooser();
         chooser.getSelectionModel().addChangeListener(
               event -> setBackground(chooser.getColor()));
 
         dialog = new JDialog((Frame) null, false /* not modal */);
         dialog.add(chooser);
         dialog.pack();
      }
 
      public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event)
      {
         chooser.setColor(getBackground());
         dialog.setVisible(true);
      }
   }
}

ColorChooser

package colorChooser;
 
import javax.swing.*;
 
/**
 * A frame with a color chooser panel
 */
public class ColorChooserFrame extends JFrame
{//设置两个私有属性
   private static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 300;
   private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 200;
 
   public ColorChooserFrame()//颜色选择器
   {
      setSize(DEFAULT_WIDTH, DEFAULT_HEIGHT);
 
      // add color chooser panel to frame
 
      ColorChooserPanel panel = new ColorChooserPanel();
      add(panel);
   }
}

ColorChooserFrame

package colorChooser;
 
import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.*;
 
/**
 * @version 1.04 2015-06-12
 * @author Cay Horstmann
 */
public class ColorChooserTest
{
   public static void main(String[] args)
   {
      EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> {
         JFrame frame = new ColorChooserFrame();//生成ColorChooserFrame类
         frame.setTitle("ColorChooserTest");
         frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);//关闭界面操作
         frame.setVisible(true);
      });
   }
}

ColorChooserTest

实验2：组内讨论反思本组负责程序，理解程序总体结构，梳理程序GUI设计中应用的相关组件，整理相关组件的API,对程序中组件应用的相关代码添加注释。

总结：我们组这次所分析的是工具栏和工具提示的用法方面的知识，工具栏(Toolbar Test)是在程序中提供的快速访问常用命令的按纽栏，它可以随意的移动安放，可以用JToolBar bar=new JToolBar();来创建工具栏。但工具栏有缺点，为了便利用户能快速明白小按钮的含义，用户界面设计者发明了工具提示toooltips,示例程序说明了如何将一个Action对象添加到菜单和工具栏中。通过代码解读和注释，我们可以明白如何去构建一个工具栏，将组建添加到工具栏中，因此实现工具栏的功能。

实验3：组间协同学习：在本班课程QQ群内，各位同学对实验1中存在的问题进行提问，提问时注明实验1中的测试程序编号，负责对应程序的小组需及时对群内提问进行回答。

具体见QQ群