小白学习django第六站-http相关

请求与相应

HttpRequest对象API

def home(request):

    print('path:', request.path)

    print('mothod:', request.method)

    print('encoding:', request.encoding)

    print('GET:', request.GET)

    print('POST:', request.POST)

    print('FILES', request.FILES)

    print('COOKIES:', request.COOKIES)

    print('session:', request.session)

    print('is_ajax:', request.is_ajax())

path: /blog1/home/

mothod: GET

encoding: None

GET: <QueryDict: {}>

POST: <QueryDict: {}>

FILES <MultiValueDict: {}>

COOKIES: {'csrftoken': 'xnjakTTg7c8cy6pnyZzgKg8fkyXkMBcl3LXCnMeQC8n4oLIByU0U6Pr3DGCRj6EO', 'sessionid': '7it5s9n3zn8or27i9kxqiewjiq6rvjfb'}

session: <django.contrib.sessions.backends.db.SessionStore object at 0x7fbcd958f9e8>

is_ajax: False

views.py

def index(request):

    print(request.path)         # 请求路径

    print(request.method)       # 请求方法

    print(request.encoding)     # 编码格式

    # return HttpResponse('1111')

    return render(request, 'blog/get_post_test.html')

def get_text(request):

    # if request.method == 'GET':

        # return render(request, 'blog/get_post_test.html')

    # elif request.method == 'POST':

    a = request.GET.get('a')

    b = request.GET.get('b')

    print(a, b)

    return HttpResponse('xxxxxxxx')

def post_text(request):

    if request.method == 'GET':

        return render(request, 'blog/get_post_test.html')

    elif request.method == 'POST':

        a = request.POST.getlist('a') # getlist 一键多值

        # a = request.POST.get('a')

        # b = request.POST.get('b')

        # print(a, b)

        print(a)

        return HttpResponse('xxxxxxxx')

html

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en">

<head>

    <meta charset="UTF-8">

    <title>Title</title>

</head>

<body>

<form action="" method="post">

{#<form action="" method="get">#}

    {% csrf_token %} {# 防止跨域请求 #}

    <input type="text" name="a" id="a">

    <input type="text" name="a" id="b">

    <input type="submit" value="提交" id="c">

</form>

</body>

</html>

类视图

views.py

from django.shortcuts import render, redirect, reverse

from django.http import HttpResponse

from .models import BlogModle2

from django.views import View

# Create your views here.

class BlogIndex(View):

    def get(self, request):

        return render(request, 'blog/demo_index.html')

class BlogAdd(View):

    def get(self, request):

        return render(request, 'blog/demo_add.html')

    def post(self, request):

        title = request.POST.get('title')

        content = request.POST.get('content')

        blog = BlogModle2(title=title, content=content)

        blog.save()

        return render(request, 'blog/demo_add.html')

class BlogList(View):

    def get(self, request):

        blog_list = BlogModle2.objects.all()

        return render(request, 'blog/demo_list.html', context={'blog_list': blog_list})

class BlogDetail(View):

    def get(self, request, blog_id):

        blog = BlogModle2.objects.get(id=blog_id)

        return render(request, 'blog/demo_detail.html', context={'blog': blog})

class BlogDelete(View):

    def get(self, request, blog_id):

        blog = BlogModle2.objects.get(id=blog_id)

        if blog:

            blog.delete()

            return redirect(reverse('blog_list'))

        else:

            return HttpResponse('不存在这条博客')

class BlogEdit(View):

    def get(self, request, blog_id):

        blog = BlogModle2.objects.get(id=blog_id)

        return render(request, 'blog/demo_add.html', context={'blog': blog})

    def post(self, request, blog_id):

        blog = BlogModle2.objects.get(id=blog_id)

        blog.title = request.POST.get('title')

        blog.content = request.POST.get('content')

        blog.save()

        return redirect(reverse('blog_list'))

urls.py

path('index/', views.BlogIndex.as_view(), name='blog_index'),

    path('add/', views.BlogAdd.as_view(), name='blog_add'),

    path('list/', views.BlogList.as_view(), name='blog_list'),

    path('detail/<blog_id>', views.BlogDetail.as_view(), name='blog_detail'),

    path('delete/<blog_id>', views.BlogDelete.as_view(), name='blog_delete'),

    path('edit/<blog_id>', views.BlogEdit.as_view(), name='blog_edit'),

文件上传

先在settings.py设置路径

创建文件夹

编写views.py

import os

from mysite.settings import MEDIA_ROOT

class Upload_file(View):

    def get(self, request):

        return render(request, 'blog/file.html')

    def post(self, request):

        # f1 = request.FILES['file']

        f1 = request.FILES.get('file')

        f1_name = os.path.join(MEDIA_ROOT, f1.name)

        with open(f1_name, 'wb') as f:

            for i in f1.chunks():

                f.write(i)

        return HttpResponse('上传成功')

html

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en">

<head>

    <meta charset="UTF-8">

    <title>Title</title>

</head>

<body>

<form action="" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">

    {% csrf_token %}

    <input type="file" name="file">

    <input type="submit">

</form>

</body>

</html>

HttpResponse对象

属性

def index(request):

    response = HttpResponse('')

    print(response.content)

    print(response.status_code)

    print(response.charset)

    return response

方法

设置cookie

# 设置cookie

import datetime

def set_cookie(request):

    response = HttpResponse('设置cookie')

    response.write('我是写入进去的')

    # response.set_cookie('name', 'ing', max_age=100)  # 设置多少秒之后过期

    response.set_cookie('name', 'ing', expires=datetime.datetime(2019, 9, 6)) # 设置过期日期

    return response

def get_cookie(request):

    cookie = request.COOKIES

    print(cookie.get('name'))

    return HttpResponse('获取cookie')

def delete_cookie(request):

    rs = HttpResponse("删除cookie")

    rs.delete_cookie('name')

    return rs

返回json数据

登录案例，设置session,需要先执行makemigrations， migrate

def home(request):          # 主页

    a = 1

    # b = a + '1'

    print('只是我视图函数在调用')

    username = request.session.get('username', '未登录')

    return render(request, 'form_test/home.html', context={'username': username})

class LoginTest(View):      # 登录

    def get(self, request):

        return render(request, 'form_test/login.html')

    def post(self, request):

        username = request.POST.get('username')

        request.session['username'] = username  # 字典传值， 会存到数据库

        request.session.set_expiry(None)  # 设置过期时间， 默认两周

        print(request.session)

        return redirect(reverse('home'))

def login_out(request):         # 登出

    request.session.flush()         # 清除会话数据

    return redirect(reverse('home'))

settings中设置

# 是否关闭浏览器使得session过期，默认False

# SESSION_EXPIRE_AT_BROWSER_CLOSE = False

# 是否每次请求都保存session，默认修改之后保存

# SESSION_SAVE_EVERY_REQUEST = False

# session的cookie失效日期，默认两周

# SESSION_COOKIE_AGE = 1209600

创建models.py模型

from django.db import models

# Create your models here.

class UserModel(models.Model):

    username = models.CharField(max_length=30, unique=True)

    password = models.CharField(max_length=100)

    email = models.EmailField()

django form表单的使用，登录注册案例

views.py

from .models import UserModel

from .forms import RegisterForm, LoginForm

class Register(View):

    def get(self, request):

        form = RegisterForm()   # 实例化一个表单实例

        return render(request, 'form_test/register.html', context={'form': form})

    def post(self, request):

        form = RegisterForm(request.POST)   # 获取form表单的数据

        if form.is_valid():  # 验证数据是否合法

            username = form.cleaned_data.get('username')    # 拿数据

            password = form.cleaned_data.get('password')

            password_repeat = form.cleaned_data.get('password_repeat')

            email = form.cleaned_data.get('email')

            if password == password_repeat:

                UserModel.objects.create(username=username, password=password, email=email)

                return HttpResponse('注册成功')

            else:

                return HttpResponse('注册失败')

        else:

            return HttpResponse('两次密码不一致')

class Login(View):

    def get(self, request):

        form =LoginForm()       # 先获得表单实例

        return render(request, 'form_test/login.html', context={'form': form})

    def post(self, request):

        form = LoginForm(request.POST)  # 获取发送的请求值

        if form.is_valid():     # 检测数据是否合法

            username = form.cleaned_data.get('username')

            password = form.cleaned_data.get('password')

            user = UserModel.objects.filter(username=username, password=password)

            if user:

                request.session['username'] = username

                return redirect(reverse('home'))

            else:

                return redirect(reverse('register'))

        else:

            return HttpResponse('登录失败')

forms.py

from django import forms

# 可以验证也可以生成前端代码

class RegisterForm(forms.Form):                 # 注册表单

    username = forms.CharField(max_length=30, min_length=6)

    password = forms.CharField(max_length=30, min_length=6,

                               widget=forms.PasswordInput(attrs={'placeholder': '请输入密码'}))

    password_repeat = forms.CharField(max_length=30, min_length=6,

                                      widget=forms.PasswordInput(attrs={'placeholder': '请输入密码'}))

    email = forms.EmailField()

class LoginForm(forms.Form):        # 登录表单

    username = forms.CharField(max_length=30, min_length=6,

                               widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={'placeholder': '请输入用户名'}))

    password = forms.CharField(max_length=30, min_length=6,

                               widget=forms.PasswordInput(attrs={'placeholder': '请输入密码'}))

html

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en">

<head>

    <meta charset="UTF-8">

    <title>Title</title>

</head>

<body>

<form action="" method="post">

    {% csrf_token %}

    {{ form.as_p }}

{#    <input type="text" name="username">#}

    <input type="submit" value="登录">

</form>

</body>

</html>

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en">

<head>

    <meta charset="UTF-8">

    <title>Title</title>

</head>

<body>

<form action="" method="post">

    {% csrf_token %}

    {{ form.as_p }}

    <input type="submit" value="注册">

</form>

{{ username }}

</body>

</html>

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