重新想象 Windows 8.1 Store Apps (88) - 通信的新特性: 新的 HttpClient
重新想象 Windows 8.1 Store Apps (88) - 通信的新特性: 新的 HttpClient
作者：webabcd
介绍
重新想象 Windows 8.1 Store Apps 之通信的新特性
- 新的 HttpClient
- http get string
- http get stream
- http post string
- http post stream
示例
HTTP 服务端
WebServer/HttpDemo.aspx.cs
/*
* 用于响应 http 请求
*/ using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Threading;
using System.Web; namespace WebServer
{
public partial class HttpDemo : System.Web.UI.Page
{
protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
// 停 3 秒，以方便测试 http 请求的取消
Thread.Sleep(); var action = Request.QueryString["action"]; switch (action)
{
case "getString": // 响应 http get string
Response.Write("hello webabcd: " + DateTime.Now.ToString("hh:mm:ss"));
break;
case "getStream": // 响应 http get stream
Response.Write("hello webabcd hello webabcd hello webabcd hello webabcd hello webabcd hello webabcd hello webabcd hello webabcd hello webabcd hello webabcd hello webabcd hello webabcd");
break;
case "postString": // 响应 http post string
Response.Write(string.Format("param1:{0}, param2:{1}, referrer:{2}", Request.Form["param1"], Request.Form["param2"], Request.UrlReferrer));
break;
case "postStream": // 响应 http post stream
using (StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(Request.InputStream))
{
if (Request.InputStream.Length > * )
{
// 接收的数据太大，则显示“数据接收成功”
Response.Write("数据接收成功");
}
else
{
// 显示接收到的数据
string body = reader.ReadToEnd();
Response.Write(Server.HtmlEncode(body));
}
}
break;
case "uploadFile": // 处理上传文件的请求
for (int i = ; i < Request.Files.Count; i++)
{
string key = Request.Files.GetKey(i);
HttpPostedFile file = Request.Files.Get(key);
string savePath = @"d:\" + file.FileName; // 保存文件
file.SaveAs(savePath); Response.Write(string.Format("key: {0}, fileName: {1}, savePath: {2}", key, file.FileName, savePath));
Response.Write("\n");
}
break;
case "outputCookie": // 用于显示服务端获取到的 cookie 信息
for (int i = ; i < Request.Cookies.Count; i++)
{
HttpCookie cookie = Request.Cookies[];
Response.Write(string.Format("cookieName: {0}, cookieValue: {1}", cookie.Name, cookie.Value));
Response.Write("\n");
}
break;
case "outputCustomHeader": // 用于显示一个自定义的 http header
Response.Write("myRequestHeader: " + Request.Headers["myRequestHeader"]);
break;
default:
break;
} Response.End();
}
}
}
1、演示新的 HttpClient
Summary.xaml.cs
/*
* 本例简要说明新的命名空间 Windows.Web.Http 下的新的 HttpClient 的用法（其他相关类也均来自新的 Windows.Web.Http 命名空间）
* 通过 HttpClient, HttpRequestMessage, HttpResponseMessage 实现 HTTP 通信
*
*
* 在 win8.1 中增强了 HttpClient 的功能并将此增强版的 HttpClient 转移至了 Windows.Web.Http 命名空间下（原 win8 的 HttpClient 在 System.Net.Http 命名空间下，依旧可用）
* 1、如果要查看 System.Net.Http 命名空间下的 HttpClient 的用法请参见：http://www.cnblogs.com/webabcd/archive/2013/09/23/3334233.html
* 2、关于支持 OAuth 2.0 验证的客户端也请参见：http://www.cnblogs.com/webabcd/archive/2013/09/23/3334233.html
*
*
* HttpClient - 用于发起 http 请求，以及接收 http 响应
* GetStringAsync(), GetAsync(), GetBufferAsync(), GetInputStreamAsync() - http get 请求
* DeleteAsync() - http delete 请求
* PostAsync(), PutAsync() - http post/put 请求
* 参数：IHttpContent content - http 请求的数据
* 实现了 IHttpContent 的类有：HttpStringContent, HttpBufferContent, HttpStreamContent, HttpFormUrlEncodedContent, HttpMultipartFormDataContent 等
* 参数：HttpCompletionOption completionOption（HttpCompletionOption 枚举）
* ResponseContentRead - 获取到全部内容后再返回数据，默认值
* ResponseHeadersRead - 获取到头信息后就返回数据，用于流式获取
* SendRequestAsync() - 根据指定的 HttpRequestMessage 对象发起请求
*
* HttpRequestMessage - http 请求
* Method - http 方法
* RequestUri - 请求的 uri
* Headers - http 的请求头信息
* Properties - 当做上下文用
* Content - http 请求的内容（IHttpContent 类型）
* 实现了 IHttpContent 的类有：HttpStringContent, HttpBufferContent, HttpStreamContent, HttpFormUrlEncodedContent, HttpMultipartFormDataContent 等
* TransportInformation - 获取一个 HttpTransportInformation 类型的对象，用于 https 相关
*
* HttpResponseMessage - http 响应
* RequestMessage - 对应的 HttpRequestMessage 对象
* Headers - http 的响应头信息
* Version - http 版本，默认是 1.1
* Source - 数据来源（HttpResponseMessageSource 枚举：Cache 或 Network）
* StatusCode - http 响应的状态码
* ReasonPhrase - http 响应的状态码所对应的短语
* IsSuccessStatusCode - http 响应的状态码是否是成功的值（200-299）
* EnsureSuccessStatusCode() - 当 IsSuccessStatusCode 为 false 时会抛出异常
*
*
* 另：
* win8 metro 的 http 抓包可用 fiddler
*
* 还有：
* http 通信还可以通过如下方法实现
* HttpWebRequest webRequest = WebRequest.Create(url);
*/ using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Windows.UI.Xaml;
using Windows.UI.Xaml.Controls;
using Windows.UI.Xaml.Navigation;
using Windows.Web.Http; namespace Windows81.Communication.HTTP
{
public sealed partial class Summary : Page
{
private HttpClient _httpClient;
private CancellationTokenSource _cts; public Summary()
{
this.InitializeComponent();
} protected override void OnNavigatedFrom(NavigationEventArgs e)
{
// 释放资源
if (_httpClient != null)
{
_httpClient.Dispose();
_httpClient = null;
} if (_cts != null)
{
_cts.Dispose();
_cts = null;
}
} private async void btnPost_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
_httpClient = new HttpClient();
_cts = new CancellationTokenSource(); try
{
string url = "http://localhost:39630/HttpDemo.aspx?action=postString";
// 创建一个 HttpRequestMessage 对象
HttpRequestMessage request = new HttpRequestMessage(HttpMethod.Post, new Uri(url)); // 需要 post 的数据
HttpFormUrlEncodedContent postData = new HttpFormUrlEncodedContent(
new List<KeyValuePair<string, string>>
{
new KeyValuePair<string, string>("param1", "web"),
new KeyValuePair<string, string>("param2", "abcd")
}
); // http 请求的数据
request.Content = postData;
// http 请求的头信息（叽歪一个，终于把 Referrer 改成 Referer 了）
request.Headers.Referer = new Uri("http://webabcd.cnblogs.com"); // 请求 HttpRequestMessage 对象，并返回 HttpResponseMessage 数据
HttpResponseMessage response = await _httpClient.SendRequestAsync(request).AsTask(_cts.Token); // 取消请求的方式改为通过 CancellationTokenSource 来实现了 // http 响应的状态码及其对应的短语
lblMsg.Text += ((int)response.StatusCode) + " " + response.ReasonPhrase;
lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine; // 以字符串的方式获取响应数据
lblMsg.Text += await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();
lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine;
}
catch (TaskCanceledException)
{
lblMsg.Text += "取消了";
lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine;
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
lblMsg.Text += ex.ToString();
lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine;
}
} private void btnCancel_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
// 取消 http 请求
if (_cts != null)
{
_cts.Cancel();
_cts.Dispose();
_cts = null;
}
}
}
}
2、演示 http get string
GetString.xaml.cs
/*
* 演示 http get string
*/ using System;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Windows.UI.Xaml;
using Windows.UI.Xaml.Controls;
using Windows.UI.Xaml.Navigation;
using Windows.Web.Http; namespace Windows81.Communication.HTTP
{
public sealed partial class GetString : Page
{
private HttpClient _httpClient;
private CancellationTokenSource _cts; public GetString()
{
this.InitializeComponent();
} protected override void OnNavigatedFrom(NavigationEventArgs e)
{
// 释放资源
if (_httpClient != null)
{
_httpClient.Dispose();
_httpClient = null;
} if (_cts != null)
{
_cts.Dispose();
_cts = null;
}
} private async void btnGetString_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
_httpClient = new HttpClient();
_cts = new CancellationTokenSource(); try
{
HttpResponseMessage response = await _httpClient.GetAsync(new Uri("http://localhost:39630/HttpDemo.aspx?action=getString")).AsTask(_cts.Token); // 取消请求的方式改为通过 CancellationTokenSource 来实现了 lblMsg.Text += ((int)response.StatusCode) + " " + response.ReasonPhrase;
lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine; // IHttpContent.ReadAsStringAsync() - 获取 string 类型的响应数据
// IHttpContent.ReadAsBufferAsync() - 获取 IBuffer 类型的响应数据
// IHttpContent.ReadAsInputStreamAsync() - 获取 IInputStream 类型的响应数据
lblMsg.Text += await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();
lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine;
}
catch (TaskCanceledException)
{
lblMsg.Text += "取消了";
lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine;
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
lblMsg.Text += ex.ToString();
lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine;
}
} private void btnCancel_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
// 取消 http 请求
if (_cts != null)
{
_cts.Cancel();
_cts.Dispose();
_cts = null;
}
}
}
}
3、演示 http get stream
GetStream.xaml.cs
/*
* 演示 http get stream
*/ using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Windows.Security.Cryptography;
using Windows.Storage.Streams;
using Windows.UI.Xaml;
using Windows.UI.Xaml.Controls;
using Windows.UI.Xaml.Navigation;
using Windows.Web.Http; namespace Windows81.Communication.HTTP
{
public sealed partial class GetStream : Page
{
private HttpClient _httpClient;
private CancellationTokenSource _cts; public GetStream()
{
this.InitializeComponent();
} protected override void OnNavigatedFrom(NavigationEventArgs e)
{
// 释放资源
if (_httpClient != null)
{
_httpClient.Dispose();
_httpClient = null;
} if (_cts != null)
{
_cts.Dispose();
_cts = null;
}
} private async void btnGetStream_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
_httpClient = new HttpClient();
_cts = new CancellationTokenSource(); try
{
// HttpCompletionOption.ResponseHeadersRead - 获取到头信息后就返回数据，用于流式获取
HttpResponseMessage response = await _httpClient.GetAsync(
new Uri("http://localhost:39630/HttpDemo.aspx?action=getStream"),
HttpCompletionOption.ResponseHeadersRead).AsTask(_cts.Token); // 取消请求的方式改为通过 CancellationTokenSource 来实现了 lblMsg.Text += ((int)response.StatusCode) + " " + response.ReasonPhrase;
lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine; // IHttpContent.ReadAsStringAsync() - 获取 string 类型的响应数据
// IHttpContent.ReadAsBufferAsync() - 获取 IBuffer 类型的响应数据
// IHttpContent.ReadAsInputStreamAsync() - 获取 IInputStream 类型的响应数据
using (Stream responseStream = (await response.Content.ReadAsInputStreamAsync()).AsStreamForRead())
{
byte[] buffer = new byte[];
int read = ; while ((read = await responseStream.ReadAsync(buffer, , buffer.Length)) > )
{
lblMsg.Text += "读取的字节数: " + read.ToString();
lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine; IBuffer responseBuffer = CryptographicBuffer.CreateFromByteArray(buffer);
lblMsg.Text += CryptographicBuffer.EncodeToHexString(responseBuffer);
lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine; buffer = new byte[];
}
}
}
catch (TaskCanceledException)
{
lblMsg.Text += "取消了";
lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine;
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
lblMsg.Text += ex.ToString();
lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine;
}
} private void btnCancel_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
// 取消 http 请求
if (_cts != null)
{
_cts.Cancel();
_cts.Dispose();
_cts = null;
}
}
}
}
4、演示 http post string
PostString.xaml.cs
/*
* 演示 http post string
*/ using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Windows.UI.Xaml;
using Windows.UI.Xaml.Controls;
using Windows.UI.Xaml.Navigation;
using Windows.Web.Http; namespace Windows81.Communication.HTTP
{
public sealed partial class PostString : Page
{
private HttpClient _httpClient;
private CancellationTokenSource _cts; public PostString()
{
this.InitializeComponent();
} protected override void OnNavigatedFrom(NavigationEventArgs e)
{
// 释放资源
if (_httpClient != null)
{
_httpClient.Dispose();
_httpClient = null;
} if (_cts != null)
{
_cts.Dispose();
_cts = null;
}
} private async void btnPostString_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
_httpClient = new HttpClient();
_cts = new CancellationTokenSource(); try
{
// 需要 post 的数据
var postData = new HttpFormUrlEncodedContent(
new List<KeyValuePair<string, string>>
{
new KeyValuePair<string, string>("param1", "web"),
new KeyValuePair<string, string>("param2", "abcd")
}
); HttpResponseMessage response = await _httpClient.PostAsync(
new Uri("http://localhost:39630/HttpDemo.aspx?action=postString"),
postData).AsTask(_cts.Token); // 取消请求的方式改为通过 CancellationTokenSource 来实现了 lblMsg.Text += ((int)response.StatusCode) + " " + response.ReasonPhrase;
lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine; // HttpContent.ReadAsStringAsync() - 以 string 方式获取响应数据
// HttpContent.ReadAsByteArrayAsync() - 以 byte[] 方式获取响应数据
// HttpContent.ReadAsStreamAsync() - 以 stream 方式获取响应数据
lblMsg.Text += await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();
lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine;
}
catch (TaskCanceledException)
{
lblMsg.Text += "取消了";
lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine;
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
lblMsg.Text += ex.ToString();
lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine;
}
} private void btnCancel_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
// 取消 http 请求
if (_cts != null)
{
_cts.Cancel();
_cts.Dispose();
_cts = null;
}
}
}
}
5、演示 http post stream
PostStream.xaml.cs
/*
* 演示 http post stream
*/ using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Windows.UI.Xaml;
using Windows.UI.Xaml.Controls;
using Windows.UI.Xaml.Navigation;
using Windows.Web.Http; namespace Windows81.Communication.HTTP
{
public sealed partial class PostStream : Page
{
private HttpClient _httpClient;
private CancellationTokenSource _cts; public PostStream()
{
this.InitializeComponent();
} protected override void OnNavigatedFrom(NavigationEventArgs e)
{
// 释放资源
if (_httpClient != null)
{
_httpClient.Dispose();
_httpClient = null;
} if (_cts != null)
{
_cts.Dispose();
_cts = null;
}
} private async void btnPostStream_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
_httpClient = new HttpClient();
_cts = new CancellationTokenSource(); try
{
// 需要 post 的 stream 数据
Stream stream = GenerateSampleStream();
HttpStreamContent streamContent = new HttpStreamContent(stream.AsInputStream()); HttpResponseMessage response = await _httpClient.PostAsync(
new Uri("http://localhost:39630/HttpDemo.aspx?action=postStream"),
streamContent).AsTask(_cts.Token);// 取消请求的方式改为通过 CancellationTokenSource 来实现了 lblMsg.Text += ((int)response.StatusCode) + " " + response.ReasonPhrase;
lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine; // IHttpContent.ReadAsStringAsync() - 获取 string 类型的响应数据
// IHttpContent.ReadAsBufferAsync() - 获取 IBuffer 类型的响应数据
// IHttpContent.ReadAsInputStreamAsync() - 获取 IInputStream 类型的响应数据
lblMsg.Text += await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();
lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine;
}
catch (TaskCanceledException)
{
lblMsg.Text += "取消了";
lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine;
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
lblMsg.Text += ex.ToString();
lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine;
}
} // 生成一个指定大小的内存流
private static MemoryStream GenerateSampleStream(int size)
{
byte[] subData = new byte[size];
for (int i = ; i < subData.Length; i++)
{
subData[i] = (byte)( + i % ); // a-z
} return new MemoryStream(subData);
} private void btnCancel_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
// 取消 http 请求
if (_cts != null)
{
_cts.Cancel();
_cts.Dispose();
_cts = null;
}
}
}
}
OK
[源码下载]
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