Struts1.X与Spring集成——第一种方案

spring+struts(第一种方案)

集成原理：在Action中取得BeanFactory,通过BeanFactory取得业务逻辑对象，调用业务逻辑方法。

一,新建一个项目Spring_Struts_01

二,步骤

1、spring和Struts的依赖包配置

*Struts

（1）拷贝Struts和jstl的依赖包

（2）在web.xml文件里配置ActionServlet

<span style="font-family:KaiTi_GB2312;font-size:18px;"><?xmlversion="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-appversion="2.5"
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd">
  <servlet>
   <servlet-name>action</servlet-name>
   <servlet-class>org.apache.struts.action.ActionServlet</servlet-class>
    <init-param>
     <param-name>config</param-name>
     <param-value>/WEB-INF/struts-config.xml</param-value>
    </init-param>
    <init-param>
     <param-name>debug</param-name>
      <param-value>2</param-value>
    </init-param>
    <init-param>
     <param-name>detail</param-name>
      <param-value>2</param-value>
    </init-param>
   <load-on-startup>2</load-on-startup>
  </servlet>
 
  <!-- Standard Action Servlet Mapping-->
  <servlet-mapping>
   <servlet-name>action</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
 
</web-app></span>

（3）提供struts-config.xml文件

<span style="font-family:KaiTi_GB2312;font-size:18px;"><?xmlversion="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPEstruts-config PUBLIC
          "-//Apache SoftwareFoundation//DTD Struts Configuration 1.2//EN"
          "http://jakarta.apache.org/struts/dtds/struts-config_1_2.dtd">
 
<struts-config>
 
</struts-config></span>

（4）提供国际化支持，提供缺省的国际化资源文件

<span style="font-family:KaiTi_GB2312;font-size:18px;"># -- standard errors--
errors.header=<UL>
errors.prefix=<LI>
errors.suffix=</LI>
errors.footer=</UL>
# -- validator --
errors.invalid={0}is invalid.
errors.maxlength={0}can not be greater than {1} characters.
errors.minlength={0}can not be less than {1} characters.
errors.range={0} isnot in the range {1} through {2}.
errors.required={0}is required.
errors.byte={0} mustbe an byte.
errors.date={0} isnot a date.
errors.double={0}must be an double.
errors.float={0}must be an float.
errors.integer={0}must be an integer.
errors.long={0} mustbe an long.
errors.short={0}must be an short.
errors.creditcard={0}is not a valid credit card number.
errors.email={0} isan invalid e-mail address.
# -- other --
errors.cancel=Operationcancelled.
errors.detail={0}
errors.general=Theprocess did not complete. Details should follow.
errors.token=Requestcould not be completed. Operation is not in sequence.
# -- welcome --
welcome.title=StrutsBlank Application
welcome.heading=Welcome!
welcome.message=Toget started on your own application, copy the struts-blank.war to a new WARfile using the name for your application. Place it in your container's"webapp" folder (or equivalent), and let your container auto-deploythe application. Edit the skeleton configuration files as needed, restart yourcontainer, and you are on your way! (You can find the application.propertiesfile with this message in the /WEB-INF/src/java/resources folder.)</span>

*Spring

（1）拷贝spring相关依赖包

（2）提供spring配置文件

<span style="font-family:KaiTi_GB2312;font-size:18px;"><?xmlversion="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beansxmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.0.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aophttp://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.0.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/txhttp://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.0.xsd">
 
</beans></span>

2，在web.xml文件里配置ContextLoaderListener（作用：让web
Server在启动时将BeanFactory放到ServletContext中）

<span style="font-family:KaiTi_GB2312;font-size:18px;"><?xmlversion="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-appversion="2.5"
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd">
  <servlet>
   <servlet-name>action</servlet-name>
   <servlet-class>org.apache.struts.action.ActionServlet</servlet-class>
    <init-param>
     <param-name>config</param-name>
     <param-value>/WEB-INF/struts-config.xml</param-value>
    </init-param>
    <init-param>
     <param-name>debug</param-name>
      <param-value>2</param-value>
    </init-param>
    <init-param>
     <param-name>detail</param-name>
      <param-value>2</param-value>
    </init-param>
   <load-on-startup>2</load-on-startup>
  </servlet>
 
  <!-- Standard Action Servlet Mapping-->
  <servlet-mapping>
   <servlet-name>action</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
 
  <context-param>
      <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
      <param-value>classpath:applicationContext-*.xml</param-value>
  </context-param>
 <!--加入启动Spring监听器-->
  <listener>
    <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
  </listener>
</web-app></span>

注：使用listener配置beanfactory，将其初始化交给servlet，使其维持在ServletContext中，节省资源。Listener初始化早于Servlet

3，在Action中採用WebApplicationContextUtils.getWebApplicationContext()从ServletContext中取得BeanFactory

4，通过BeanFactory从IOC容器中取得业务逻辑对象

存在缺点：

由于Action中存在依赖查找，所以Action依赖于Spring的API

进一步了解依赖查找和依赖注入，在同一个jvm中能够依赖注入，不同jvm中不能够依赖注入

三，代码演示样例

一个简单的用户登录演示样例，没有持久层

client：

1,jsp

(1)index.jsp主页面

<span style="font-family:KaiTi_GB2312;font-size:18px;"><%@ pagelanguage="java" contentType="text/html; charset=GB18030"
    pageEncoding="GB18030"%>
<!DOCTYPE htmlPUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<metahttp-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=GB18030">
<title>Inserttitle here</title>
</head>
<body>
   <h1>Spring+Struts(第一种集成方案)</h1>
   <hr>
   <ahref="login.jsp">登录</a>
</body>
</html></span>

(2)login.jsp登录页面

<span style="font-family:KaiTi_GB2312;font-size:18px;"><%@ pagelanguage="java" contentType="text/html; charset=GB18030"
    pageEncoding="GB18030"%>
<!DOCTYPE htmlPUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<metahttp-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=GB18030">
<title>Inserttitle here</title>
</head>
<body>
   <form action="login.do"method="post" >
     用户：<input type="text"name="username"><br>
    密码：<input type="text"name="password"><br>
    <input type="submit" value="登录">
</form>
</body>
</html></span>

(3)login_success.jsp登录成功后的跳转页面

<span style="font-family:KaiTi_GB2312;font-size:18px;"><%@ pagelanguage="java" contentType="text/html; charset=GB18030"
    pageEncoding="GB18030"%>
<!DOCTYPE htmlPUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<metahttp-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=GB18030">
<title>Inserttitle here</title>
</head>
<body>
  韩学敏，登录成功！！
</body>
</html></span>

服务端

2(1)，ActionForm获取表单数据

loginActionForm.java:

<span style="font-family:KaiTi_GB2312;font-size:18px;">packagecom.bjpowernode.usermgr.web.forms;
 
importorg.apache.struts.action.ActionForm;
 
public classloginActionForm extends ActionForm {
    private String username;
    private String password;
    public String getUsername() {
returnusername;
}
publicvoid setUsername(String username) {
this.username= username;
}
publicString getPassword() {
returnpassword;
}
publicvoid setPassword(String password) {
this.password= password;
}
 
}</span>

2(2)，Action

LoginAction.java:

<span style="font-family:KaiTi_GB2312;font-size:18px;">packagecom.bjpowernode.usermgr.web.actions;
 
importjavax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
importjavax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
 
importorg.apache.struts.action.Action;
importorg.apache.struts.action.ActionForm;
importorg.apache.struts.action.ActionForward;
importorg.apache.struts.action.ActionMapping;
importorg.springframework.beans.factory.BeanFactory;
importorg.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
importorg.springframework.web.context.support.WebApplicationContextUtils;
 
importcom.bjpowernode.usermgr.manager.UserManager;
importcom.bjpowernode.usermgr.manager.UserMangerImpl;
importcom.bjpowernode.usermgr.web.forms.loginActionForm;
 
public classLoginAction extends Action {
 
@Override
publicActionForward execute(ActionMapping mapping, ActionForm form,
HttpServletRequestrequest, HttpServletResponse response)
throwsException {
//从LoginActionForm拿数据
loginActionFormlaf=(loginActionForm)form;
String username=laf.getUsername();//获取用户名
String password =laf.getPassword();//获取密码
 
/*UserManageruserManager=new  UserMangerImpl();
    userManager.Login(username, password);*/
//取BeanFactory拿到配置文件applicationContext.xml生成BeanFactory
 
BeanFactory        factory= new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
 
/*//使用BeanFactory从IOC容器中取得相关对象(依据id取得)
     UserManageruserManager=(UserManager)factory.getBean("userManager");
    userManager.Login(username, password);//调用接口UserManager的登录方法Login()
*/
//例如以下方式不用每次都创建BeanFactory，并且不用在这里写死配置文件，配置文件写在了web.xml中；可是在此层中知道了Spring的存在
    BeanFactory beanFactory =WebApplicationContextUtils.getWebApplicationContext(request.getSession().getServletContext());
    UserManageruserManager=(UserManager)factory.getBean("userManager");
    userManager.Login(username, password);//调用接口UserManager的登录方法Login()
    returnmapping.findForward("success");//跳转到成功页面
}
 
}</span>

2(3)业务层 接口+实现

接口UserManager.java:

<span style="font-family:KaiTi_GB2312;font-size:18px;">packagecom.bjpowernode.usermgr.manager;
 
public interfaceUserManager {
/**
 * 用户登录
 * @param username：用户名
 * @param password：密码
 */
publicvoid Login(String username,String password);
 
}</span>

实现UserManagerImp.java:

<span style="font-family:KaiTi_GB2312;font-size:18px;">packagecom.bjpowernode.usermgr.manager;
 
public classUserMangerImpl implements UserManager {
 
@Override
publicvoid Login(String username, String password) {
System.out.print(this.getClass()+",username="+username);
 
}
 
}</span>

3,Struts配置文件 配置数据

<span style="font-family:KaiTi_GB2312;font-size:18px;"><?xmlversion="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
 
<!DOCTYPEstruts-config PUBLIC
          "-//Apache SoftwareFoundation//DTD Struts Configuration 1.2//EN"
          "http://jakarta.apache.org/struts/dtds/struts-config_1_2.dtd">
 
<struts-config>
<!--生命ActionForm（即，告诉Struts哪个是ActionForm） -->
    <form-beans>
       <form-bean name="loginForm"type="com.bjpowernode.usermgr.web.forms.loginActionForm"/>
    </form-beans>
 
<!--描写叙述Action -->
   <!--描写叙述Action -->
    <action-mappings>
        <action path="/login"
               type="com.bjpowernode.usermgr.web.actions.LoginAction"
                name="loginForm"
               scope="request">  
 
        <!--转向信息 -->
        <forward name="success"path="/login_success.jsp"/>
        </action>
    </action-mappings>
    <message-resourcesparameter="MessageResources" />
</struts-config></span>

4，Spring配置文件

<span style="font-family:KaiTi_GB2312;font-size:18px;"><?xmlversion="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beansxmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.0.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aophttp://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.0.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/txhttp://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.0.xsd">
<!--这个IOC容器核心是个工厂，抽象工厂 -->
<beanid="userManager"class="com.bjpowernode.usermgr.manager.UserMangerImpl"/>
 
</beans></span>

5，执行

启动Tomcat

浏览器中输入地址http://localhost:8080/Spring_Struts_01/

进入主页面index.jsp:

点击“登录”，进入用户登录页面login.jsp：

输入username、password

点击“登录”button，跳转到登录成功页面login_success：

6，总结：

(1)此方案的集成原理：在Action中取得BeanFactory,通过BeanFactory取得业务逻辑对象，调用业务逻辑方法。

(2)缺点：产生了依赖，spring的类在action中产生了依赖查找。（依赖查找和依赖注入的差别（前者为主动，后者是Spring主动提供））