1、案例1(表达式案例):

开发shell脚本分别实现以定义变量,脚本传参以及read读入的方式比较2个整数大小。用条件表达式(禁if)

进行判断并以屏幕输出的方式提醒用户比较结果;

[root@backup ~]# echo "123a" | sed -r "s#[0-9]##g"

a

(1)[root@backup ~]# cat c1.sh

#!/bin/sh

read -p "please input tow num:" num1 num2

a=$num1

b=$num2

#no.1

[ -z "$a" -o -z "$b" ]&&{

echo "USAGE: num1 num2"

exit 1

}

#no.2

[ "`echo "$a"|sed -r 's#[^0-9]##g'`" = "$a" ]||{ #判断两个数字是整数

echo "first arg must be int"

exit 1

}

[ "`echo "$b"|sed -r 's#[^0-9]##g'`" = "$b" ]||{

echo "second arg must be int"

exit 1

}

#no.3

[ $a -eq $b ]&&{

echo "$a=$b"

exit 0

}

[ $a -gt $b ]&&{

echo "$a>$b"

exit 0

}

[ $a -lt $b ]&&{

echo "$a<$b"

exit 0

}

[root@backup ~]# sh c1.sh

please input tom num:1 2

1<2

(2)[root@backup ~]# cat c2.sh

#!/bin/sh

#no.1

[ $# -ne 2 ]&&{

echo "USAGE: num1 num2"

exit 1

}

#no.2

[ "`echo "$1"|sed -r 's#[^0-9]##g'`" = "$1" ]||{

echo "first arg must be int"

exit 1

}

[ "`echo "$2"|sed -r 's#[^0-9]##g'`" = "$2" ]||{

echo "second arg must be int"

exit 1

}

#no.3

[ $1 -eq $2 ]&&{

echo "$1=$2"

exit 0

}

[ $1 -gt $2 ]&&{

echo "$1>$2"

exit 0

}

[ $1 -lt $2 ]&&{

echo "$1<$2"

exit 0

}

[root@backup ~]# sh c2.sh 1 2

1<2

(3)[root@backup scripts]# vim c2.sh

#!/bin/sh

#no.1

if [ $# -ne 2 ];then

echo "USAGE: num1 num2"

exit 1

fi

#no.2

if [ "`echo "$1"|sed -r 's#[^0-9]##g'`" != "$1" ];then #将整型转换成字符串做判断

echo "first arg must be int"

exit 1

fi

if [ "`echo "$2"|sed -r 's#[^0-9]##g'`" != "$2" ];then

echo "second arg must be int"

exit 1

fi

#no.3

if [ $1 -eq $2 ];then

echo "$1=$2"

elif [ $1 -gt $2 ];then

echo "$1>$2"

else

echo "$1<$2"

fi

(4)[root@backup scripts]# vim c2.sh

#!/bin/sh

#no.1

if [ $# -ne 2 ];then

echo "USAGE: num1 num2"

exit 1

fi

#no.2

if [ "`echo "$1"|sed -r 's#[^0-9]##g'`" != "$1" -o "`echo "$2"|sed -r 's#[^0-9]##g'`" != "$2" ];then

echo "input arg must be init"

else

if [ $1 -eq $2 ];then

echo "$1=$2"

elif [ $1 -gt $2 ];then

echo "$1>$2"

else

echo "$1<$2"

fi

fi

2、小案例二(if案例):

打印菜单

(1)[root@backup scripts]# cat c3.sh

#!/bin/sh

menu() {

cat <<END

1.[install lamp]

2.[install lnmp]

3.[exit]

please input the num you want:

END

}

menu

read num

if [ "$num" = "1" -a -x /server/scripts/lamp.sh ];then

echo "start installing lamp"

/bin/sh /server/scripts/lamp.sh

echo "lamp is starting"

fi

if [ "$num" = "2" -a -x /server/scripts/lnmp.sh ];then

echo "start installing lnmp"

/bin/sh /server/scripts/lnmp.sh

echo "lnmp is starting"

fi

if [ "$num" = "3" ];then

echo "exit install now"

fi

if [ "$num" != "1" -a "$num" != "2" -a "$num" != "3" ];then

echo "you put error"

fi

(2)[root@backup ~]# vim c3.sh

#!/bin/sh

menu() {

cat <<END

1.[install lamp]

2.[install lnmp]

3.[exit]

please input the num you want:

END

}

menu

read num

[ "$num" = "1" -a -x /server/scripts/lamp.sh ]&&{

echo "start installing lamp"

/bin/sh /server/scripts/lnmp.sh

echo "lamp is starting"

exit 0

}

[ "$num" = "2" -a -x /server/scripts/lnmp.sh ]&&{

echo "start installing lamp"

/bin/sh /server/scripts/lnmp.sh

echo "lnmp is starting"

exit 0

}

[ "$num" = "3" ]&&{

echo "exit install now"

exit 0

}

echo "input error"

exit 1

[root@backup ~]# sh c3.sh

1.[install lamp]

2.[install lnmp]

3.[exit]

please input the num you want:

1

start installing lamp

lamp

3、监控案例:

(1)端口监控:

1)本地监控:

本地:netstat/lsof

[root@backup ~]# df -h |awk -F "[ ]+" 'NR==2{print $5}' #监听磁盘;

4%

[root@backup ~]# vim /etc/mail.rc #配置邮件服务

set from=hyjy2504164765@163.com smtp=smtp.163.com smtp-auth-user=hyjy2504164765 smtp-auth-password=linux123 smtp-auth=login

[root@backup ~]# vim c4.sh #监听内存

#!/bin/sh

a=`free -m|awk 'NR==3{print $NF}'`

if [ $a -lt 700 ]

then

echo `free -m` >/tmp/memory.txt

mail -s " backup_server memory exhaust" hyjy2504164765@163.com </tmp/memory.txt

fi

netstat -tunlp|grep 3306|wc -l #监听mysql服务器;

netstat -tunlp|grep mysqld|wc -1

lsof -i tcp:3306|wc -l

[ "`netstat -tunlp|grep 3306|awk -F "[ :]+" '{print $5}'`" = "3306" ] #最差的方法,如果使用-eq,当mysqld没有启动时 #会导致空值,整数无法比较,报错;而空字符串是可以比较的;

[root@backup ~]# cat c5.sh #监听mysqld

#/bin/sh

if [ `netstat -tunlp|grep 3306|wc -l` -ne 0 ];then

echo "mysqld is starting"

else

echo "mysqld is not start"

/etc/init.d/mysqld start &>/dev/null

echo "mysqld is starting......"

fi

crontab -e

03 00 * * * /bin/sh /root/c4.sh >/dev/null 2>&1

2)远程监控:

远程:telnet/nmap/

[root@backup scripts]# echo -e "\n"|telnet www.baidu.com 80|grep Connected|wc -l

Connection closed by foreign host.

1

[root@backup scripts]# nmap www.baidu.com -p 80|grep open|wc -l

1

[ `nmap www.baidu.com -p 80|grep open|wc -l` -ne 0 ]

(2)进程监控:

1)本地监控:

[root@backup scripts]# ps -ef | grep "httpd"|grep -v "grep"|wc -l

10

(3)web监控:

1)网站是否正常监控:

[root@backup scripts]# cat c7.sh

#!/bin/sh

#[ "`curl -s http://172.16.1.41 &>/dev/null&&echo $?`" = "0"] #根据返回的页面;

#[ "`curl -s http://172.16.1.41`" = "bbs" ] #根据返回的页面;

#[ "`curl -I -s http://172.16.1.41|head -1|egrep -o "200|301|302|"|wc -l`" = "1" ] #根据返回消息头的状态码;

if [ "`curl -I -s -o /dev/null -w "%{http_code}\n" http://172.16.1.41`" = "200" ] #-I 响应头信息;-s 安静模式 ;-o:返回为null;-w 状态码;

then

echo "HTTPD is running"

else

echo "httpd is stop"

/etc/init.d/httpd start

fi

4、通过一条命令计算输出1+2+3+....+10的表达式,并计算出结果,使用bc进行计算:

(1)生成表达式的方法:

[root@backup scripts]# echo {1..10}|tr " " "+"

1+2+3+4+5+6+7+8+9+10

[root@backup scripts]# seq -s "+" 10

1+2+3+4+5+6+7+8+9+10

(2)实现的方法:

[root@backup scripts]# echo `echo {1..10}|tr " " +"`=`echo {1..10}|tr " " "+"|bc`

1+2+3+4+5+6+7+8+9+10=55

其它方法:

[root@backup scripts]# echo `seq -s "+" 10`=$((`seq -s "+" 10`))

1+2+3+4+5+6+7+8+9+10=55

[root@backup scripts]# echo `echo {1..10} | tr " " "+"`=$((`echo {1..10} | tr " " "+"`))

1+2+3+4+5+6+7+8+9+10=55

[root@backup scripts]# echo `seq -s "+" 10`=`seq -s " + " 10|xargs expr`

1+2+3+4+5+6+7+8+9+10=55

5、实现通过传参的方式往/etc/user.conf里添加用户:

(1)具体要求如下:

1)命令用法:

USAGE: sh adduser {-add|-del|-search} username

2)传参要求:

如果参数为-add时,表示添加后面接的用户名;

如果参数为-del时,表示删除后面接的用户名;

如果参数为-search时,表示查找后面接的用户名;

3)如果有同名的用户则不能添加,没有对应用户则无需删除,查找到用户以及没有用户时给出明确提示;

4)/etc/user.conf不能被所有外部用户直接删除及修改

(2)代码:

"\<字符\>":表示一行中只有该字符,没有其它的字符;

1)使用case法;

[root@backup scripts]# vim c8.sh

#!/bin/bash

username=$2

args=$1

file=/etc/user.conf

if [ $# -ne 2 ];then

echo "USAGE:$0 {-add|-del|-search} username"

exit 1

fi

case "$args" in

-add|--add)

if [ `grep "\<$username\>" /etc/user.conf |wc -l` -ne 0 ];then

echo "$username user exist"

else

echo $username >>$file

echo "$username add success"

fi

;;

-del|--del)

if [ `grep "\<$username\>" /etc/user.conf |wc -l` -eq 0 ];then

echo "$username not exist"

else

sed -i "/\<$username\>/d" $file

echo "$username delete success"

fi

;;

-search|--search)

if [ `sed -n "/\<$username\>/p" $file |wc -l` -eq 0 ];then

echo " $username not find"

else

echo $username

fi

;;

*)

echo "error arg"

exit 1

esac

2)使用case和function法:

[root@backup scripts]# cat c12.sh

#!/bin/bash

file=/etc/user.conf

function checkfile() {

[ -f $file ] || {

touch /etc/user.conf

chmod 700 /etc/user.conf

}

}

function adduser() {

checkfile

if [ `grep "\<$1\>" /etc/user.conf |wc -l` -ne 0 ]; then

echo "$1 user exit"

else

echo "$1" >>$file

echo "$1 add success"

fi

}

function deluser() {

if [ `grep "\<$1\>" /etc/user.conf |wc -l` -eq 0 ]; then

echo "$1 not exist"

else

sed -i "/\<$1\>/d" $file

echo "$1 delete success"

fi

}

function searchuser() {

if [ `sed -n "/\<$1\>/p" $file |wc -l` -eq 0 ]; then

echo "$1 not find"

else

echo "$1"

fi

}

function error() {

echo "error arg"

exit 1

}

function sel() {

case "$1" in

-add|--add)

adduser $2

;;

-del|--del)

deluser $2

;;

-search|--search)

searchuser $2

;;

*)

error

;;

esac

}

function main() {

if [ $# -ne 2 ]; then

echo "USAGE:$0 {-add|-del|-search} username"

exit 1

else

sel $1 $2

fi

}

main $*

6、监听网站脚本:

(1)脚本:

[root@backup scripts]# cat c13.sh

#!/bin/sh

[ -f /etc/init.d/functions ] && . /etc/init.d/functions || exit 1

function usage() {

echo "USAGE:$0 url"

exit 1

}

RETVAL=0

function check() {

RETVAL=$?

if [ $RETVAL -eq 0 ]; then

action "url $1" /bin/true

else

action "url $1" /bin/false

fi

}

function checkurl() {

#-T 10:延迟时间为10s;--spilder:爬取页面;-t 2:重新尝试次数为2;

wget -T 10 --spider -t 2 $1 &>/dev/null

check $1

#if [ "`curl -I -s http://$url|head -1|egrep -o "200|301|302|"|wc -l`" = "1" ]; then

# check $1

#else

# check $1

#fi

}

function main() {

if [ $# -ne 1 ]; then

usage

else

checkurl $1

fi

}

main $*

(2)测试:

[root@backup scripts]# sh c13.sh www.sina.comfd

url www.sina.comfd [失败]

[root@backup scripts]# sh c13.sh www.sina.com

url www.sina.com [确定]

7、根据输入的颜色和内容打印相应颜色的内容:

[root@backup scripts]# vim c14.sh

#!/bin/sh

RED_COLOR="\E[1;31m"

GREEN_COLOR="\E[1;32m"

YELLOW_COLOR="\E[1;33m"

BLUE_COLOR="\E[1;34m"

RES="\E[0m"

SHAN="\E[1;31;5m"

SHANEND="\E[0m"

function usage() {

echo -e "$SHAN USAGE:$0 {red|green|yellow|blue} contents $SHANEND"

}

function selt() {

case "$1" in

red)

echo -e "${RED_COLOR} $2 ${RES}"

;;

green)

echo -e "$GREEN_COLOR $2 $RES"

;;

yellow)

echo -e "$YELLOW_COLOR $2 $RES"

;;

blue)

echo -e "$BLUE_COLOR $2 $RES"

;;

*)

usage

esac

}

function main() {

if [ $# -ne 2 ]; then

usage

exit 1

else

selt $1 $2

fi

}

main $*

8、定制nginx启动服务,并加入到开机自启动中:

(1)编写代码:

[root@m01 server]# cat nginxd

# chkconfig: 345 60 63

#!/bin/sh

[ /etc/init.d/functions ] && . /etc/init.d/functions || exit 1

pidfile=/application/nginx/logs/nginx.pid

if [ $UID -ne 0 ]; then

echo "this scripts should run root user"

exit 1

fi

RETVAL=0

function check(){

RETVAL=$?

if [ $RETVAL -eq 0 ]; then

action "$1" /bin/true

else

action "$1" /bin/false

fi

}

function usage() {

echo "/etc/init.d/nginxd {start|stop|status|restart}"

}

function start_nginx() {

if [ -f $pidfile ]; then

echo "nginx is start......"

else

/application/nginx/bin/nginx &>/dev/null

check "nginx is start"

fi

}

function stop_nginx() {

if [ -f $pidfile ]; then

/application/nginx/bin/nginx -s stop &>/dev/null

check "nginx is stop"

else

echo "nginx is stop......"

fi

}

function status_nginx() {

if [ -f $pidfile ]; then

echo "nginx is rung......"

else

echo "nginx is stop......"

fi

}

function reload_nginx() {

if [ -f $pidfile ]; then

/application/nginx/bin/nginx -s reload &>/dev/null

check "nginx is reload"

else

echo "nginx is stop,not reload"

fi

}

function main() {

if [ $# -ne 1 ]; then

usage

exit 1

else

case "$1" in

start)

start_nginx

;;

stop)

stop_nginx

;;

status)

status_nginx

;;

restart)

stop_nginx

sleep 3

start_nginx

;;

reload)

reload_nginx

;;

*)

usage

;;

esac

fi

}

main $*

(2)加入到/etc/init.d/目录中:

[root@m01 server]# mv -v nginxd /etc/init.d/

[root@m01 server]# chmod u+x /etc/init.d/nginxd

[root@m01 server]# chkconfig --add /etc/init.d/nginxd

(3)测试:

[root@m01 ~]# ps -ef | grep -v grep|grep nginx

[root@m01 ~]# /etc/init.d/nginxd start

nginx is start [确定]

[root@m01 ~]# /etc/init.d/nginxd restart

nginx is stop [确定]

nginx is start [确定]

[root@m01 ~]# ps -ef | grep -v grep|grep nginx

root 2378 1 0 05:06 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process /application/nginx/bin/nginx

nginx 2380 2378 0 05:06 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process

[root@m01 ~]# /etc/init.d/nginxd status

nginx is rung......

[root@m01 ~]# /etc/init.d/nginxd stop

nginx is stop [确定]

[root@m01 ~]# ps -ef | grep -v grep|grep nginx

[root@m01 ~]#

9、手机充值:

例如:冲10元,每发一次短信(输出当前余额)扣1角5分,当余额低于1角5分时不能发短信,提示余额不足,请

充值(可以用户充值继续发短息)使用while语句实现;

提示:单位换算,统一单位“分”

[root@backup scripts]# cat c19.sh

#!/bin/sh

TOTAL=10000

MSG_PEE=3000

function isnum() {

expr $1 + 1 &>/dev/null

if [ $? -ne 0 -a "$1" != "-1" ]; then

return 1 #1代表假;

fi

return 0 #0代表真;

}

function quit() {

read -p "are you want quit?[yes|no]"

}

function gather() {

read -p "pls input your msg:" txt

read -p "are you to send?[yes|no]:" option

case $option in

[Yy]|[Yy][Ee][Ss])

echo "send successfuly!"

((TOTAL=TOTAL-MSG_PEE))

echo "you have $TOTAL"

;;

[Nn]|[Nn][Oo])

echo "send canceld"

;;

*)

echo "invalid input,this msg doesnt send out"

;;

esac

}

function les(){

read -p "money is not enough,are you want to charge[yes|no]:" OPTION

case $OPTION in

[Yy]|[Yy][Ee][Ss])

while true; do

read -p "how much are you want to charge:" charge

isnum $charge && break || echo "invalid input"

done

;;

[Nn]|[Nn][Oo])

exit 1;

;;

*)

echo "invalid input"

;;

esac

echo "you have charge $((TOTAL+=charge))"

charge=0

if [ $TOTAL -lt $MSG_PEE ]; then

echo "you need $((MSG_PEE-TOTAL))"

les

fi

}

function main() {

while true; do

if [ $TOTAL -lt $MSG_PEE ];then

les

else

gather

fi

done

}

main

10、while循环读取日志分析企业案例多种方法:

读取网站访问的流量;

continue :代表结束本次循环进入下一次循环;

break:代表结束整个循环;

(1)

while read line; do

cmd

done<FILE

(2)exec < FILE

while read line; do

cmd

done

(3)代码:

1)[root@backup scripts]# vim c20.sh

#!/bin/sh

sum=0

exec </server/scripts/access_log

while read line; do

i=`echo $line|awk '{print $10}'`

expr $i + 1 &>/dev/null

if [ $? -ne 0 -a "$i" != "-1" ]; then

continue

fi

((sum+=i))

done

if [ -n "$sum" ]; then

echo $sum

fi

2) [root@backup scripts]# vim c20.sh

#!/bin/sh

sum=0

while read line; do

i=`echo $line|awk '{print $10}'`

expr $i + 1 &>/dev/null

if [ $? -ne 0 -a "$i" != "-1" ]; then

continue

fi

((sum+=i))

done </server/scripts/access_log

if [ -n "$sum" ]; then

echo $sum

fi

(4)测试:

[root@backup scripts]# sh c20.sh

11851

11、随机生成文件:

(1)[root@backup scripts]# cat c22.sh

#!/bin/sh

for ((i=1;i<=10;i++)); do

mkdir -p . test/

touch . test/`echo $RANDOM|md5sum|cut -c 1-8`_finished.html

done

12、linux下批量修改文件名:

思路:mv 重命名(awk拼接法,sed替换法),专业方法是rename;

(1)[root@backup scripts]# rename "_finished.html" ".jpg" /server/scripts/*.html

(2)[root@backup test]# ls /server/scripts/test/*.html | awk -F "[_]" '{print "mv",$0,$1".jpg"}'|bash

#常用于find命令;

(3)[root@backup test]# f=4e5a725a_finished.html

[root@backup test]# mv $f `echo $f | sed 's#_finished.html#.jpg#g'`

[root@backup test]# cat c23.sh

#!/bin/sh

for f in `ls /server/scripts/test/*.html`; do

mv $f `echo $f | sed "s#_finished.html#.jpg#g"`

if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then

echo $f >>/tmp/error.log

fi

done

(4)扩展:

[root@backup test]# chkconfig --list | grep 3:启用|awk '{print "chkconfig",$1,"on"}'

13、使用for循环批量创建10个文件;

[root@backup scripts]# cat touchFile.sh

#!/bin/sh

dir=/server/scripts/lc

[ -d $dir ] ||{

mkdir -p $dir

}

for n in `seq 1 10`; do

touch $dir/$n.txt

done

14、批量创建十个系统账号并创建密码,密码是随机数:

(1)创建随机数的方法:

1)[root@backup scripts]# echo $RANDOM

31739

2)[root@backup scripts]# echo $(($RANDOM+11111111))

11142220

3)[root@backup scripts]# echo $RANDOM | md5sum | cut -c 2-9

2a06d071

4)[root@backup scripts]# openssl rand -base64 8 #后面的位数是可以根据需要改变的

4Iq+gr7x0Yc=

5)[root@backup scripts]# date +%s%N | cut -c 2-9 #使用的是时间随机数;

54778341

6)[root@backup scripts]# head /dev/urandom | cksum #设备随机数

2840405153 2734

8)[root@backup scripts]# cat /proc/sys/kernel/random/uuid #系统uuid随机数

9da3376c-0588-4e15-a42f-51560aaea97c

9)[root@backup scripts]# yum install expect -y

[root@backup scripts]# mkpasswd -l 10 #expect随机数,后面字段的长度可以随意改变;

NWhg32ani$

(2)代码:

[root@backup scripts]# cat createpasswd.sh

#!/bin/sh

. /etc/init.d/functions

[ $UID -eq 0 ] || {

echo "only allow root to exec this $0"

exit 1

}

for ((i=1;i<=10;i++)); do

pass=`echo $RANDOM | md5sum | cut -c 2-9`

useradd student$i &>/dev/null

echo "$pass | passwd --stdin student$i" &>/dev/null

if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then

action "useraddd student$i" /bin/true

else

action "useraddd student$i" /bin/false

fi

echo -e "student$i\t$pass" >>/tmp/user.txt

done

说明:如果用户存在就当是更新用户密码了;

(3)运行截图:

[root@backup scripts]# sh createpasswd.sh

useraddd student1 [确定]

useraddd student2 [确定]

useraddd student3 [确定]

useraddd student4 [确定]

useraddd student5 [确定]

useraddd student6 [确定]

useraddd student7 [确定]

useraddd student8 [确定]

useraddd student9 [确定]

useraddd student10 [确定]

15、已知下面的字符串是通过RANDOM随机数变量md5sum|cut-c 1-8截取后的结果,

请破解这些字符串对应的md5sum前的RANDOM对应数字:

21029299

00205d1c

a3da1677

1f6d12dd

890684b

(1)代码:

代码一:

[root@backup scripts]# cat bakrandom.sh

#!/bin/sh

array=(21029299

00205d1c

a3da1677

1f6d12dd

890684b)

for i in {0..32767}; do

passwd=`echo $i | md5sum | cut -c 1-8`

for n in ${array[*]};do

if [ "$n" = "$passwd" ]; then

echo -e "$n\t$i"

fi

done

done

代码二:

[root@db01 scripts]# vim random.sh

#!/bin/sh

array=(21029299

00205d1c

a3da1677

1f6d12dd

890684b)

for i in {0..32767}; do

passwd=`echo $i | md5sum | cut -c 1-8`

for ((n=0;n<${#array[*]};n++));do

if [ "${array[n]}" = "$passwd" ]; then

echo -e "${array[n]}\t$i"

fi

done

done

(2)测试:

[root@backup scripts]# sh bakrandom.sh

00205d1c 1346

1f6d12dd 7041

a3da1677 25345

21029299 25667

提示:890684b #该参数没有相对应的值;

16、请用至少两种方法实现base for循环打印下面这句话中字母数不大于6的单词(昆仑万维面试题):

I am oldboy teacher welcome to oldboy training class.

(1)回顾:

打印字符串长度的方法有:

[root@backup scripts]# a=1234

1)[root@backup scripts]# echo $a | wc -L

4

2)[root@backup scripts]# expr length ${a}

4

3)[root@backup scripts]# echo ${#a}

4

(2)代码:

1)方法一:

[root@backup scripts]# vim filterword.sh

#!/bin/sh

for word in I am oldboy teacher welcome to oldboy training class.; do

if [ ${#word} -le 6 ]; then

echo -en "$word\t"

fi

done

2)方法二:

[root@backup scripts]# vim filterword.sh

#!/bin/sh

array=(I am oldboy teacher welcome to oldboy training class.)

for word in ${array[*]}; do

if [ ${#word} -le 6 ]; then

echo -en "$word\t" #echo -n表示不换行输出

fi

done

3)方法三:

[root@backup scripts]# echo "I am oldboy teacher welcome to oldboy training class." | tr ' ' '\n' | awk '{if(length($1)<=6) print $1}'

(3)测试:

1)方法一、二:

[root@backup scripts]# sh filterword.sh

I am oldboy to oldboy class.

2)方法三:

I

am

oldboy

to

oldboy

class.

17、检查多个网站地址是否正常:

(1)代码:

[root@backup scripts]# cat checkwww.sh

#!/bin/sh

[ -f /etc/init.d/functions ] && . /etc/init.d/functions

array=(

www.baidu.com

www.aliyun.com

www.souhu.com

www.xina.com

)

RETVAL=0

function check() {

RETVAL=$?

if [ $RETVAL -eq 0 ]; then

action "url $1" /bin/true

else

action "url $1" /bin/false

fi

}

function checkurl() {

#-T 10:延迟时间为10s;--spilder:爬取页面;-t 2:重新尝试次数为2;

wget -T 10 --spider -t 2 $1 &>/dev/null

check $1

#if [ "`curl -I -s http://$url|head -1|egrep -o "200|301|302|"|wc -l`" = "1" ]; then

# check $1

#else

# check $1

#fi

}

function main() {

for n in ${array[*]}; do

checkurl $n

sleep 3

done

}

main

(2)测试:

[root@backup scripts]# sh checkwww.sh

url www.baidu.com [确定]

url www.aliyun.com [确定]

url www.souhu.com [确定]

url www.xina.com [确定]

18、mysql数据分库分表备份脚本:

(1)分库备份操作:

1)获取数据库列表:

[root@db01 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -e "show databases;" | sed '1d' | egrep -v "_schema|mysql"

wordpress

2)脚本编写:

[root@db01 scripts]# cat mysqlbak.sh

#!/bin/sh

export PATH=/application/mysql/bin/:/application/mysql/bin/:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin:/root/bin

BACKPATH="/server/backup"

mkdir -p $BACKPATH

MYUSER="root"

MYPASS="123456"

MYCMD="mysql -u$MYUSER -p$MYPASS"

# --single-transaction:锁表;-B:数据库名 ;-F:刷新日志文件; -R:转存储的函数;

MYDUMP="mysqldump -u$MYUSER -p$MYPASS --single-transaction --master-data=1 -F -R -B"

DBLIST=`$MYCMD -e "show databases;" | sed '1d' | egrep -v "_schema|mysql"`

for dbname in $DBLIST; do

$MYDUMP $dbname | gzip >$BACKPATH/${dbname}_$(date +%F).sql.gz

done

3)测试:

[root@db01 scripts]# sh mysqlbak.sh

[root@db01 scripts]# ls -lh /server/backup/

总用量 160K

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 159K 1月 21 21:02 wordpress_2019-01-21.sql.gz

(2)分表备份操作:

1)查看表:

[root@db01 scripts]# mysql -uroot -p123456

mysql> use wordpress;

Database changed

mysql> show tables;

+-----------------------+

| Tables_in_wordpress |

+-----------------------+

| lc_commentmeta |

| lc_comments |

| lc_links |

| lc_options |

| lc_postmeta |

| lc_posts |

| lc_term_relationships |

| lc_term_taxonomy |

| lc_termmeta |

| lc_terms |

| lc_usermeta |

| lc_users |

+-----------------------+

12 rows in set (0.00 sec)

[root@db01 scripts]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -e "show tables from wordpress;" | sed '1d'

lc_commentmeta

lc_comments

lc_links

lc_options

lc_postmeta

lc_posts

lc_term_relationships

lc_term_taxonomy

lc_termmeta

lc_terms

lc_usermeta

lc_users

2)代码:

[root@db01 scripts]# cat mysqltable.sh

#!/bin/sh

export PATH=/application/mysql/bin/:/application/mysql/bin/:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin:/root/bin

BACKPATH="/server/backup"

mkdir -p $BACKPATH

MYUSER="root"

MYPASS="123456"

MYCMD="mysql -u$MYUSER -p$MYPASS"

# --single-transaction:锁表;-B:数据库名 ;-F:刷新日志文件; -R:转存储的函数过;

MYDUMP="mysqldump -u$MYUSER -p$MYPASS --single-transaction --master-data=1 -F -R"

DBLIST=`$MYCMD -e "show databases;" | sed '1d' | egrep -v "_schema|mysql"`

for dbname in $DBLIST; do

TLIST=`$MYCMD -e "show tables from $dbname;" | sed '1d'`

mkdir -p $BACKPATH/$dbname

for tname in $TLIST; do

$MYDUMP $dbname $tname | gzip >$BACKPATH/$dbname/${tname}_$(date +%F).sql.gz

done

done

3)测试:

[root@db01 scripts]# sh mysqltable.sh

[root@db01 scripts]# ls /server/backup/wordpress/

lc_commentmeta_2019-01-21.sql.gz lc_options_2019-01-21.sql.gz lc_termmeta_2019-01-21.sql.gz lc_term_taxonomy_2019-01-21.sql.gz

lc_comments_2019-01-21.sql.gz lc_postmeta_2019-01-21.sql.gz lc_term_relationships_2019-01-21.sql.gz lc_usermeta_2019-01-21.sql.gz

lc_links_2019-01-21.sql.gz lc_posts_2019-01-21.sql.gz lc_terms_2019-01-21.sql.gz lc_users_2019-01-21.sql.gz

(3)提示:

1)mysql数据库的还原脚本:

以上的脚本倒着写

gzip -d bak.sql.gz

mysql -uroot -p123456 </tmp/bak.sql

2)备份数据库表时如不能使用-B参数,不然会导致备份时以后备份的是数据库,会报下面的错误;

mysqldump: Got error: 1049: Unknown database 'lc_commentmeta' when selecting the database

mysqldump: Got error: 1049: Unknown database 'lc_comments' when selecting the database

19、mysql启动脚本的编写:

(1)代码:

[root@db01 scripts]# cat mysqlstart.sh

#!/bin/sh

. /etc/init.d/functions

export PATH=/application/mysql/bin/:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin:/root/bin

MYUSER="root"

MYPASS="123456"

# MYADMIN="mysqladmin -u$MYUSER -p$MYPASS" -S /tmp/mysql.sock

MYADMIN="mysqladmin -u$MYUSER -p$MYPASS"

[ $UID -eq 0 ] || {

echo "please use root"

exit 1

}

function usage (){

echo "USAGE:sh $0 |start|stop|restart|"

}

RETVAL=0

function check() {

if [ $RETVAL -eq 0 ]; then

action "$1" /bin/true

else

action "$1" /bin/false

fi

}

function start() {

# mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf &>/dev/null &

mysqld_safe &>/dev/null &

check "start mysql"

}

function stop() {

$MYADMIN shutdown &>/dev/null

check "stop mysql"

}

function main(){

if [ $# -eq 1 ]; then

case "$1" in

start)

start

sleep 2

;;

stop)

stop

sleep 2

;;

restart)

stop

sleep 3

start

;;

*)

usage

;;

esac

else

usage

fi

}

main $*

(2)测试:

[root@db01 scripts]# lsof -i :3306

[root@db01 scripts]# sh mysqlstart.sh start

start mysql [确定]

[root@db01 scripts]# lsof -i :3306

COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME

mysqld 8010 mysql 10u IPv4 28515 0t0 TCP *:mysql (LISTEN)

[root@db01 scripts]# sh mysqlstart.sh stop

stop mysql [确定]

[root@db01 scripts]# lsof -i :3306

[root@db01 scripts]# sh mysqlstart.sh start

start mysql [确定]

[root@db01 scripts]# sh mysqlstart.sh restart

stop mysql [确定]

start mysql [确定]

[root@db01 scripts]# lsof -i :3306

COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME

mysqld 8502 mysql 10u IPv4 28919 0t0 TCP *:mysql (LISTEN)

20、开发脚本防止DOS攻击:

提示:根据web日志或者网络连接数,监控当某个ip并发连接数或者短时间内pv数达到100,即调用防火

墙命令疯掉对应的ip地址,监控频率每个3分钟,防火墙命令为:iptables -I INPUT -s 192.168.1.100 -j DROP;

(1)思路:

1)统计大于100pv的ip和封闭防火墙的命令;

(2)编写代码:

[root@db01 scripts]# cat dosdelip.sh

#!/bin/sh

export PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin

before_ipfile="/tmp/ip_$(date +%F -d '-1day').log"

function del() {

if [ -f $before_ipfile ]; then

exec <$before_ipfile

while read line; do

if [ `iptables -L -n | grep $line | wc -l` -ge 1 ];then

iptables -D INPUT -s $line -j DROP

fi

done

fi

}

del

[root@db01 scripts]# cat dosprotedted.sh

#!/bin/sh

export PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin

function main() {

awk '{print $1}' $1 | sort | uniq -c | sort -rn >/tmp/tmp.log

exec </tmp/tmp.log

while read line; do

ip=`echo $line | awk '{print $2}'`

num=`echo $line | awk '{print $1}'`

if [ "$ip" != " " -a $ip != "::1" ]; then

if [ $num -gt 100 -a `iptables -L -n | grep $ip | wc -l` -lt 1 ]; then

iptables -I INPUT -s $ip -j DROP

echo $ip >>/tmp/ip_$(date +%F).log

fi

fi

done

}

main $1

(3)定时任务:

[root@db01 scripts]# crontab -l

*/3 * * * * /bin/sh /server/scripts/dosprotedted.sh /server/scripts/access_log >/dev/null 2>&1 #可以换作web服务的时间访问日志;

00 00 * * * /bin/sh /server/scripts/dosdelip.sh >/dev/null 2>&1 #每天凌晨放开前一天封闭的ip地址;

(4)测试:

1)防火墙命令;

iptables -F #清空所有的防火墙规则;

watch iptables -L -n #查看防火墙列表;

2)具体测试步骤:

在accesss_log日志中添加ip100个地址,会发现防火墙列表会多余对应的ip地址;

删除access_log日志中添加的ip地址,并改变当前的时间天数加一,会发现防火墙列表,对应的ip地址没有了;

3)守护进程的监控模式:

[root@db01 scripts]# vim dosprotedted.sh

#!/bin/sh

[ $UID -eq 0 ] ||{

echo "please use root user"

exit 1

}

function usage() {

echo "USAGE:sh $0 www_access.log"

exit 1

}

before_ipfile="/tmp/ip_$(date +%F -d '-1day').log"

function del() {

if [ -f $before_ipfile ]; then

exec <$before_ipfile

while read line; do

if [ `iptables -L -n | grep $line | wc -l` -ge 1 ];then

iptables -D INPUT -s $line -j DROP

fi

done

fi

}

tmpfile="/tmp/tmp.log"

now_ipfile="/tmp/ip_$(date +%F).log"

function main() {

if [ $# -eq 1 ]; then

awk '{print $1}' $1 | sort | uniq -c | sort -rn >$tmpfile

exec <$tmpfile

while read line; do

ip=`echo $line | awk '{print $2}'`

num=`echo $line | awk '{print $1}'`

if [ "$ip" != " " -a $ip != "::1" ]; then

if [ $num -gt 100 -a `iptables -L -n | grep $ip | wc -l` -lt 1 ]; then

iptables -I INPUT -s $ip -j DROP

if [ ! -f $now_ipfile ];then

touch $now_ipfile

fi

if [ `cat $now_ipfile | grep $ip | wc -l` -lt 1 ]; then

echo $ip >>$now_ipfile

fi

fi

fi

done

else

usage

fi

}

while true; do

main $*

sleep 180

del

done

21、开发专业监控mysql主从复制故障:

(1)编写代码:

1)代码1:

[root@db01 scripts]# vim myslave.sh

#!/bin/sh

export PATH=/application/mysql/bin/:/application/mysql/bin/:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin:/root/bin

MYUSER="root"

MYPASS="123456"

MYCMD="mysql -u$MYUSER -p$MYPASS"

tmpfile="/tmp/mysqlstatus.txt"

status=(`$MYCMD -e "show slave status\G" | egrep "Seconds_Behind|_Running" | awk '{print $NF}'`)

[ "${status[0]}" = "yes" -a "${status[1]}" = "yes" -a "${status[2]}" = "0" ] || {

echo "mysql slave is fail" >$tmpfile

mail -s "$(date +%F\ %T) mysql slave status" hyjy2504164765@163.com <$tmpfile

}

2)代码2(略过同步错误,如果mysql配置文件中不存在此设置):

[root@db01 scripts]# cat myslave.sh

#!/bin/sh

export PATH=/application/mysql/bin/:/application/mysql/bin/:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin:/root/bin

MYUSER="root"

MYPASS="123456"

MYCMD="mysql -u$MYUSER -p$MYPASS"

tmpfile="/tmp/mysqlstatus.txt"

erron=(1158 1159 1008 1007 1062)

status=(`$MYCMD -e "show slave status\G" | egrep "Seconds_Behind|_Running|Last_SQL_Errno" | awk '{print $NF}'`)

[ "${status[0]}" = "yes" -a "${status[1]}" = "yes" -a "${status[2]}" = "0" ] || {

for ((i=0;i<${#erron[*]};i++));do

if [ "${erron[i]}" = "${status[3]}" ]; then

$MYCMD -e "stop slave;"

$MYCMD -e "set global sql_slave_skip_counter = 1"

$MYCMD -e "start slave;"

break

fi

done

sleep 3

status=(`$MYCMD -e "show slave status\G" | egrep "Seconds_Behind|_Running|Last_SQL_Errno" | awk '{print $NF}'`)

[ "${status[0]}" = "yes" -a "${status[1]}" = "yes" -a "${status[2]}" = "0" ] || {

echo "mysql slave is fail" >$tmpfile

mail -s "$(date +%F\ %T) mysql slave status" hyjy2504164765@163.com <$tmpfile

}

}

A、设置参数:

将/etc/mysql.cnf之中的sql_slave_skip_counter的参数注释掉;

(2)设置邮件服务:

vim /etc/mail.rc

set from=hyjy2504164765@163.com smtp=smtp.163.com smtp-auth-user=hyjy2504164765 smtp-auth-password=linux123 smtp-auth=login #163邮箱

(3)设置定时任务:

[root@db01 scripts]# crontab -l

*/10 * * * * /bin/sh /server/scripts/myslave.sh >/dev/null 2>&1

22、中企动力面试题:

The months of learning in Old Boy education are the few months that I think the time efficient is the most.I had also studied at other training institutions before, but I was hard to understand what the tutor said and hard to follow. It was just too much to learn with no outline.

(1)按单词出现频率降序排序!

[root@db01 scripts]# sed "s#[,.]##g" sort.log | tr " " "\n" | awk '{S[$1]++} END {for(k in S) print S[k],k}' | sort -rn | head -5

4 the

3 to

2 was

2 months

2 I

[root@db01 scripts]# sed "s#[,.]##g" sort.log | tr " " "\n" | sort | uniq -c | sort -rn | head -5

4 the

3 to

2 was

2 months

2 I

(2)按字母出现频率降序排序!

[root@db01 scripts]# sed 's#[,. ]##g' sort.log | grep -o "." | awk '{S[$1]++} END {for (i in S) print S[i],i}' | sort -rn | head -5

33 t

20 o

19 e

18 n

17 i

[root@db01 scripts]# sed 's#[,. ]##g' sort.log | grep -o "." | sort | uniq -c | sort -rn | head -5

33 t

20 o

19 e

18 n

17 i

(3)扩展:去单词的方法:

[root@db01 scripts]# sed "s#[,. ]##g" sort.log | sed -r "s#(.)#\1\n#g"

23、根据输入的数字打印图形:

(1)代码

[root@backup scripts]# cat tuxing.sh

#!/bin/sh

function isnum() {

expr $1 + 1 &>/dev/null

if [ $? -ne 0 -a "$1" != "-1" ]; then

return 1

fi

return 0

}

function usage (){

echo "USAGE:sh $0 number"

exit 1

}

function show (){

num=$1

for ((i=1;i<=$num;i++)); do

echo -e "\n"

for ((j=$(($num-$i));j>0;j--)); do

echo -n " "

done

for ((n=1;n<=$((2*$i-1));n++)); do

echo -n "*"

done

done

echo -e "\n"

}

function main() {

if [ $# -eq 1 ]; then

isnum $1 && show $1 || usage

else

usage

fi

}

main $*

(2)测试:

[root@backup scripts]# sh tuxing.sh 5

*

***

*****

*******

*********

24、使用for循环在/lc目录下通过随机小写10个字母加固定字符串lc批量创建

10个html文件:

(1)实现随机数的方法:

[root@backup scripts]# echo $RADOM | md5sum | tr "[0-9]" "[a-z]" | cut -c 2-11

ibdcjdajij

(2)代码:

[root@backup scripts]# cat randomnum.sh

#!/bin/sh

mkdir -p /lc

for n in {1..10}; do

radom=`echo $RANDOM | md5sum | tr "[0-9]" "[a-z]" | cut -c 2-11`

touch "/lc/${radom}_.html"

done

(3)测试:

[root@backup scripts]# sh -x randomnum.sh

[root@backup scripts]# ls /lc/

abfbdgefca_.html dachdfjjeg_.html eagcefibeg_.html fifccadaib_.html hdccaceefa_.html

aejicacchf_.html dcfdedbjgf_.html edafaeefba_.html gfafafajde_.html jdhhabcfed_.html

25、写一个脚本,实现判断10.0.0.0/24网络里,当前在线用户的ip有哪些;

(1)监听在线的ip的方法有很多,其中有ping,telnet,nmap等命令,但主要分为两大类;

ping ip;扫描端口;

(2)代码:

1):ping模式;

速度慢

[root@backup scripts]# vim alive.sh

#!/bin/sh

. /etc/init.d/functions

CMD="ping -c 2 -W 2" #-c:返回2个ttl值;-W :超时时间为2秒;

IP="10.0.0."

for n in {1..254}; do

$CMD $IP$n &>/dev/null

if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then

action $IP$n /bin/true

fi

done

2)nmap模式:

#!/bin/sh

CMD="nmap -sP"

IP="10.0.0.0/24"

for n in {1..254}; do

$CMD $IP | grep "Nmap scan report for" | awk -F "[ ()]+" '{print $5}'

done

(3)网络扫描知识补充:

1)扫描指定网段当前所有在线主机开放的端口号:

[root@backup scripts]# nmap -sS 10.0.0.0/24

Starting Nmap 5.51 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2019-01-29 00:36 CST

Nmap scan report for 10.0.0.41

Host is up (0.000015s latency).

Not shown: 998 closed ports

PORT STATE SERVICE

111/tcp open rpcbind

873/tcp open rsync

Nmap scan report for 10.0.0.253

Host is up (0.00024s latency).

All 1000 scanned ports on 10.0.0.253 are closed

MAC Address: 00:50:56:FC:EF:96 (VMware)

Nmap scan report for 10.0.0.254

Host is up (0.0012s latency).

Not shown: 993 filtered ports

PORT STATE SERVICE

135/tcp open msrpc

139/tcp open netbios-ssn

443/tcp open https

445/tcp open microsoft-ds

902/tcp open iss-realsecure

912/tcp open apex-mesh

3306/tcp open mysql

MAC Address: 00:50:56:C0:00:08 (VMware)

Nmap done: 256 IP addresses (3 hosts up) scanned in 36.91 seconds

2)扫描指定网段当前在线的所有主机:

[root@backup scripts]# nmap -sP 10.0.0.0/24

Starting Nmap 5.51 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2019-01-29 00:39 CST

Nmap scan report for 10.0.0.41

Host is up.

Nmap scan report for 10.0.0.253

Host is up (0.00027s latency).

MAC Address: 00:50:56:FC:EF:96 (VMware)

Nmap scan report for 10.0.0.254

Host is up (0.00055s latency).

MAC Address: 00:50:56:C0:00:08 (VMware)

Nmap done: 256 IP addresses (3 hosts up) scanned in 31.73 seconds

3)扫描指定ip地址主机开放的端口范围:

[root@backup scripts]# nc -w 1 10.0.0.41 -z 1-1000

Connection to 10.0.0.41 111 port [tcp/sunrpc] succeeded!

Connection to 10.0.0.41 873 port [tcp/rsync] succeeded!

26、开发shell脚本实现抓阄功能:

(1)开发要求:

执行脚本后,想去的通讯输入英文名字全拼,产生随机数01-99之间的数字,数字越大就去参加项目

实践,经抓到的数字,下次不能再出现相同的数字;

第一个输入名字后,屏幕输出信息,并将名字和数字记录到文件里,程序不能退出要继续等待别的学生输入;

(2)代码:

expr $RANDOM % 99 #此代码代表0-98,random的范围是0-32767;

[root@backup scripts]# cat zhuajiu.sh

#!/bin/sh

log=/tmp/zhuajiu.log

[ -f $log ] || touch $log

while true; do

read -p "please input your English name:" name

if [ -z $name ]; then

continue

else

ran_num=`expr $RANDOM % 99 + 1`

zhua_num=`grep "\<$ran_num\>" $log | awk '{print $NF}'`

if [ -z "$zhua_num" ]; then

echo "$name $ran_num"

echo "$name $ran_num" >>$log

fi

fi

done

(3)测试:

[root@backup scripts]# sh zhuajiu.sh

please input your English name:lc

lc 39

please input your English name:liuc

liuc 65

please input your English name:^C

[root@backup scripts]# cat /tmp/zhuajiu.log

lc 39

liuc 65

27、开发shell脚本监控网站是否被挂马企业案例:

(1)实验数据:

[root@backup scripts]# mkdir -p www

[root@backup scripts]# touch /server/scripts/www/file_{1..10}.txt

[root@backup scripts]# ls www

file_10.txt file_2.txt file_4.txt file_6.txt file_8.txt

file_1.txt file_3.txt file_5.txt file_7.txt file_9.txt

(2)代码:

[root@backup ~]# vim /etc/mail.rc #配置邮件服务

set from=hyjy2504164765@163.com smtp=smtp.163.com smtp-auth-user=hyjy2504164765 smtp-auth-password=linux123 smtp-auth=login

[root@backup scripts]# cat NoHangHorse.sh

#/bin/sh

LANG=en

web_path="/server/scripts/www"

check_dir="/check/server_scripts_www"

mkdir -p $check_dir

old_md5_log="$check_dir/old_md5.log"

old_file_log="$check_dir/old_file.log"

find $web_path -type f >$old_file_log

find $web_path -type f | xargs md5sum >$old_md5_log

old_file_count=`cat $old_file_log | wc -l`

new_file_log=$check_dir/new_file.log

check_log=$check_dir/check_$(date +%F).log

while true; do

find $check_dir -type f -name "check*.log" -mtime +7 | xargs rm -f &>/dev/null

find $web_path -type f >$new_file_log

error_md5_count=`md5sum -c $old_md5_log 2>/dev/null | grep FAILED | wc -l`

new_file_count=`find $web_path -type f | wc -l`

if [ $error_md5_count -ne 0 -o $new_file_count -ne $old_file_count ]; then

echo "`md5sum -c $old_md5_log 2>/dev/null | grep FAILED`" >$check_log

diff $old_file_log $new_file_log >>$check_log

mail -s "web site is misrepresent $(date +%F\ %T)" hyjy2504164765@163.com <$check_log

fi

sleep 600

done

1)使用定时任务的方法:

单独执行带颜色的代码生成原始的效验文件,删除生成文件的语句(紫色部分)和while true语句,然后设置定时任务,

两者的效果是一致的;

(3)测试:

[root@backup scripts]# ls /check/server_scripts_www/

check_2019-02-12.log new_file.log old_file.log old_md5.log

[root@backup scripts]# sh NoHangHorse.sh &

[root@backup scripts]# jobs

[1]+ Running sh NoHangHorse.sh &

[root@backup scripts]# cd www

[root@backup www]# touch test.txt

[root@backup www]# vim file_10.txt

123

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