oracle 单实例DG(搭建篇一)

一,介绍

　　lodding...

二,安装前环境配置

　　　01,依赖包的安装:

yum install binutils-*
yum install compat-libstdc++-*
yum install elfutils-libelf-*
yum install elfutils-libelf-devel-*
yum install elfutils-libelf-devel-static-*
yum install gcc-*
yum install gcc-c++-*
yum install glibc-*
yum install glibc-common-*
yum install glibc-devel-*
yum install glibc-headers-*
yum install kernel-headers-*
yum install ksh-*
yum install libaio-*
yum install libaio-devel-*
yum install libgcc-*
yum install libgomp-*
yum install libstdc++-*
yum install libstdc++-devel-*
yum install make-*
yum install sysstat-*
yum install unixODBC-*
yum install unixODBC-devel-*

　　　　依赖包检查:

 rpm -q --qf '%{NAME}-%{VERSION}-%{RELEASE} (%{ARCH})\n' binutils \
 compat-libstdc++ \
 elfutils-libelf-devel \
 elfutils-libelf-devel-static \
 gcc \
 gcc-c++ \
 glibc \
 glibc-common \
 glibc-devel \
 glibc-headers \
 kernel-headers \
 ksh \
 libaio \
 libaio-devel \
 libgcc \
 libgomp \
 libstdc++ \
 libstdc++-devel \
 make \
 sysstat \
 unixODBC \
 unixODBC-devel \
 libXp

　　　　02,创建对应的用户,及管理用户

 /usr/sbin/groupadd oinstall
 /usr/sbin/groupadd dba
 /usr/sbin/useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle
 
 echo oracle | passwd --stdin oracle

　　　　03, 修改内核参数　

 vim /etc/sysctl.conf
 
 fs.aio-max-nr =
 fs.file-max =
 kernel.shmall =
 kernel.shmmax =
 kernel.shmmni =
 kernel.sem =
 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range =
 net.core.rmem_default =
 net.core.rmem_max =
 net.core.wmem_default =
 net.core.wmem_max = 
 
 sysctl -p

　　　　 04,修改系统限制

 vim /etc/security/limits.conf
 oracle           soft    nproc
 oracle           hard    nproc
 oracle           soft    nofile
 oracle           hard    nofile  

　　　　05,修改认证　

/etc/pam.d/login

 session    required     pam_limits.so

　　　　06,修改profile

 if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
         if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
               ulimit -p
               ulimit -n
         else
               ulimit -u  -n
         fi
 fi

　　　　07,创建需要的目录

 #创建必须目录:
 #ORACLE_BASE:存放各类日志
 mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle
 #ORACLE_HOME:存放程序的目录
 mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2./db_1
 
 #更改权限:
 chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/
 chmod -R  /u01/
 chown -R oracle:oinstall /oradata

　　　 08, 更改环境变量

 su - oracle
 vim .bash_profile
 export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
 export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2./db_1
 export ORACLE_SID=orcl
 export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
 
 source .bash_profile

三,安装运行

　　　　./runInstaller

　　　　进入环境配置页面

报错提示:　　

 [oracle@oracle01 grid]$ ./runInstaller
 Starting Oracle Universal Installer...
 
 Checking Temp space: must be greater than  MB.   Actual  MB    Passed
 Checking swap space: must be greater than  MB.   Actual  MB    Passed
 Checking monitor: must be configured to display at least  colors
     >>> Could not execute auto check for display colors using command /usr/bin/xdpyinfo. Check if the DISPLAY variable is set.    Failed <<<<
 
 Some requirement checks failed. You must fulfill these requirements before
 
 continuing with the installation,
 
 Continue? (y/n) [n] y
 
 >>> Ignoring required pre-requisite failures. Continuing...
 Preparing to launch Oracle Universal Installer from /tmp/OraInstall2019--19_02--59AM. Please wait ...[oracle@oracle01 grid]$ No protocol specified
 Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError
         at java.lang.Class.forName0(Native Method)
         at java.lang.Class.forName(Class.java:)
         at java.awt.Toolkit$.run(Toolkit.java:)
         at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
         at java.awt.Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit(Toolkit.java:)
         at com.jgoodies.looks.LookUtils.isLowResolution(LookUtils.java:)
         at com.jgoodies.looks.LookUtils.<clinit>(LookUtils.java:)
         at com.jgoodies.looks.plastic.PlasticLookAndFeel.<clinit>(PlasticLookAndFeel.java:)
         at java.lang.Class.forName0(Native Method)
         at java.lang.Class.forName(Class.java:)
         at javax.swing.SwingUtilities.loadSystemClass(SwingUtilities.java:)
         at javax.swing.UIManager.setLookAndFeel(UIManager.java:)
         at oracle.install.commons.util.Application.startup(Application.java:)
         at oracle.install.commons.flow.FlowApplication.startup(FlowApplication.java:)
         at oracle.install.commons.flow.FlowApplication.startup(FlowApplication.java:)
         at oracle.install.commons.base.driver.common.Installer.startup(Installer.java:)
         at oracle.install.ivw.crs.driver.CRSInstaller.startup(CRSInstaller.java:)
         at oracle.install.ivw.crs.driver.CRSInstaller.main(CRSInstaller.java:)
 
 :q

解决:

 su 登入root 用户
 
 运行:
 
 xhost +
 
 再登入oracle 用户执行命令

原因:

 因为Xserver默认情况下不允许别的用户的图形程序的图形显示在当前屏幕上. 如果需要别的用户的图形显示在当前屏幕上, 则应以当前登陆的用户, 也就是切换身份前的用户执行如下命令
  xhost +

　　

安装界面:

　　　　

重新授权文件

[root@oracle01 ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/
[root@oracle01 ~]# chmod -R 775 /u01/

看见有三个问题需要解决:

用root 运行命令

问题二:

　　yum install compat-libstdc++-33

其他问题就过滤把

等待安装完成

需要运行命令

好了到这里安装就完成了

主库搭建安装上诉方式

备库的话选择克隆的方式完成

备库需要跟改oracle 的位置有:

　

四,配置监听netca

　　　　进入oracle用户

　　 　　运行 netca

　　　　可能存在报错没有这个命令,可以查看.bash_profile是否配置环境变量合规,

　　　　并且运行　　source .bash_profile

　　

　　netca 启动各种问题:

　　　　

 .环境变量问题
 
 环境变量路径设置不对，找不到netca命令，--bash什么balabala提示，设置环境变量到ORACLE_HOME/bin
 
  
 
 .无法显示图形界面
 
 比较容易解决，用root用户执行xhost +命令，切到Oracle用户下再次执行
 
 如果依旧不行，查看是不是缺少libXp这个rpm包
 
 此错误的错误提示有java.awt等
 
 java.lang.NullPointerException
         at oracle.ewt.lwAWT.BufferedApplet.<init>(Unknown Source)
         at oracle.net.ca.NetCA.<init>(Unknown Source)
         at oracle.net.ca.NetCA.main(Unknown Source)
 Oracle Net Services configuration failed.  The exit code is -
 
 Exception in thread "main" java.lang.UnsatisfiedLinkError: /ora/app/oracle/db10g/jdk/jre/lib/i386/libawt.so: libXp.so.: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
 
         at java.lang.ClassLoader$NativeLibrary.load(Native Method)
 
         at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadLibrary0(ClassLoader.java:)
 
         at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadLibrary(ClassLoader.java:)
 
         at java.lang.Runtime.loadLibrary0(Runtime.java:)
 
         at java.lang.System.loadLibrary(System.java:)
 
         at sun.security.action.LoadLibraryAction.run(LoadLibraryAction.java:)
 
         at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
 
         at sun.awt.NativeLibLoader.loadLibraries(NativeLibLoader.java:)
 
         at sun.awt.DebugHelper.<clinit>(DebugHelper.java:)
 
         at java.awt.Component.<clinit>(Component.java:)
 
  
 
 .权限问题
 
 确定oracle用户和root用户分别什么用，重新把ORACLE_HOME赋权给oracle
 
 错误提示
 
 java.io.FileNotFoundException:/u01/cfgtoollogs/netca/netca_OraDb11g_home1_0809062PM5029.log(Permission denied)
 at java.io.FileOutputStream.open(Native Method)
 at java.io.FileOutputStream.<init>(FileOutputStream.java:)
 at java.io.FileOutputStream.<init>(FileOutputStream.java:)
 at oracle.net.ca.NetCA.main(Unknown Source)
 Oracle Net Services configuration failed. The exit code is -
 
  
 
 .主机名错误
 
 错误提示：
 
 Oracle Net Services Configuration:
 #
 # An unexpected error has been detected by HotSpot Virtual Machine:
 #
 #  SIGSEGV (0xb) at pc=0x004f0ab3, pid=, tid=
 #
 # Java VM: Java HotSpot(TM) Client VM (1.4.2_14-b05 mixed mode)
 # Problematic frame:
 # C  [libc.so.+0x6fab3]  index+0x63
 #
 # An error report file with more information is saved as hs_err_pid19917.log
 #
 # If you would like to submit a bug report, please visit:
 #   http://java.sun.com/webapps/bugreport/crash.jsp
 #
 /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2./db_1/bin/netca: line :  Aborted
 $JRE -mx64m $SRVM_PROPERTY_DEFS -Dsun.java2d.font.DisableAlgorithmicStyles=true -classpath
 
 由于默认主机名错误导致，修改配置文件/etc/hosts，修改
 
 # Do not remove the following line, or various programs
 # that require network functionality will fail.
 127.0.0.1               localhost.localdomain localhost 你的主机名

　 再root用户下xhost +

　 oracle用户

　　　export DISPLAY=:0.0

　　

最后点击 结束

五,安装数据库 dbca　　

七,从库网络配置netmgr　

　　　　命令行输入命令:　　netmgr

　　　　

八, 从库netca　　

　　　　

详情请见下篇------oracle 单实例DG(双机配置篇)