java对象equals方法的重写
根类Object中的equals方法描述:
public boolean equals(Object obj)
Theequals
method for classObject
implements the most discriminating possible equivalence relation on objects; that is, for any non-null reference valuesx
andy
, this method returnstrue
if and only ifx
andy
refer to the same object (x == y
has the valuetrue
).
String类重写了equals方法:
public boolean equals(Object anObject)
Compares this string to the specified object. The result istrue
if and only if the argument is notnull
and is aString
object that represents the same sequence of characters as this object
1.基本数据类型,也称原始数据类型。byte,short,char,int,long,float,double,boolean
他们之间的比较,应用双等号(==),比较的是他们的值。
2.复合数据类型(类)
当他们用(==)进行比较的时候,比较的是他们在内存中的存放地址,所以,除非是同一个new出来的对象,他们的比较后的结果为true,否则比较后结果为false。
JAVA当中所有的类都是继承于Object这个基类的,在Object中的基类中定义了一个equals的方法,这个方法的初始行为是比较对象的内存地址(即引用里的内容),但在一些类库当中这个方法被覆盖掉了,如String,Integer,Date在这些类当中equals有其自身的实现,而不再是比较类在堆内存中的存放地址了。
对于复合数据类型之间进行equals比较,在没有覆写equals方法的情况下,他们之间的比较还是基于他们在内存中的存放位置的地址值的,因为Object的equals方法也是用双等号(==)进行比较的,所以比较后的结果跟双等号(==)的结果相同。
public boolean equals(Object obj)
{
if(obj == null) return false; //keep the object compared not be null
else{
if(obj instanceof Cat) //keep the object input be Cat
{
Cat c = (Cat) obj; //Cast to Cat
if(c.color == this.color&& c.height == this.hright)
{
return true;
}
}
} return false;
}
hashCode
method whenever this method is overridden, so as to maintain the general contract for the hashCode
method, which states that equal objects must have equal hash codes.package com.zj.unit;
import java.util.Arrays; public class Unit {
private short ashort;
private char achar;
private byte abyte;
private boolean abool;
private long along;
private float afloat;
private double adouble;
private Unit aObject;
private int[] ints;
private Unit[] units; public boolean equals(Object o) {
if (!(o instanceof Unit))
return false;
Unit unit = (Unit) o;
return unit.ashort == ashort
&& unit.achar == achar
&& unit.abyte == abyte
&& unit.abool == abool
&& unit.along == along
&& Float.floatToIntBits(unit.afloat) == Float
.floatToIntBits(afloat)
&& Double.doubleToLongBits(unit.adouble) == Double
.doubleToLongBits(adouble)
&& unit.aObject.equals(aObject)
&& equalsInts(unit.ints)
&& equalsUnits(unit.units);
} private boolean equalsInts(int[] aints) {
return Arrays.equals(ints, aints);
} private boolean equalsUnits(Unit[] aUnits) {
return Arrays.equals(units, aUnits);
} public int hashCode() {
int result = 17;
result = 37 * result + (int) ashort;
result = 37 * result + (int) achar;
result = 37 * result + (int) abyte;
result = 37 * result + (abool ? 0 : 1);
result = 37 * result + (int) (along ^ (along >>> 32));
result = 37 * result + Float.floatToIntBits(afloat);
long tolong = Double.doubleToLongBits(adouble);
result = 37 * result + (int) (tolong ^ (tolong >>> 32));
result = 37 * result + aObject.hashCode();
result = 37 * result + intsHashCode(ints);
result = 37 * result + unitsHashCode(units);
return result;
} private int intsHashCode(int[] aints) {
int result = 17;
for (int i = 0; i < aints.length; i++)
result = 37 * result + aints[i];
return result;
} private int unitsHashCode(Unit[] aUnits) {
int result = 17;
for (int i = 0; i < aUnits.length; i++)
result = 37 * result + aUnits[i].hashCode();
return result;
}
}
关键是如何计算hashcode值.
此外要注意如何在Java中避免equals方法的隐藏陷阱(http://coolshell.cn/articles/1051.html)
下面给出比较成熟的equals()代码:
public boolean equals(Object obj)
{
if(this == obj)
{
return true;
}
if(obj != null && obj.getClass() == Person.class)
{
Person personObj = (Person) obj;
if(this.getldStr().equals(personObj.getldStr()))
{
return true;
}
} return false;
}
忠告:1、覆盖equals时总要覆盖hashcode; 2、Don’t try to be too clever不要试图让equals方法过于智能; 3、Don’t substitute another type for Object in the equals declaration.不要将equals声明中Object对象替换为其他对象
public boolean equals(MyClass o) {
...
}需使用Object o
附转载:http://www.importnew.com/8701.html 或 http://www.programcreek.com/2011/07/java-equals-and-hashcode-contract/
The Java super class java.lang.Object has two very important methods defined:
public boolean equals(Object obj) |
They have been proved to be extremely important to understand, especially when user-defined objects are added to Maps. However, even advanced-level developers sometimes can’t figure out how they should be used properly. In this post, I will first show an example of a common mistake, and then explain how equals() and hashCode contract works.
1. A common mistake
Common mistake is shown in the example below.
import java.util.HashMap; |
In this example, a green apple object is stored successfully in a hashMap, but when the map is asked to retrieve this object, the apple object is not found. The program above prints null. However, we can be sure that the object is stored in the hashMap by inspecting in the debugger:
2. Problem caused by hashCode()
The problem is caused by the un-overridden method “hashCode()”. The contract between equals() and hasCode() is that:
1. If two objects are equal, then they must have the same hash code.
2. If two objects have the same hashcode, they may or may not be equal.
The idea behind a Map is to be able to find an object faster than a linear search. Using hashed keys to locate objects is a two-step process. Internally the Map stores objects as an array of arrays. The index for the first array is the hashcode() value of the key. This locates the second array which is searched linearly by using equals() to determine if the object is found.
The default implementation of hashCode() in Object class returns distinct integers for different objects. Therefore, in the example above, different objects(even with same type) have different hashCode.
Hash Code is like a sequence of garages for storage, different stuff can be stored in different garages. It is more efficient if you organize stuff to different place instead of the same garage. So it’s a good practice to equally distribute the hashCode value. (Not the main point here though)
The solution is to add hashCode method to the class. Here I just use the color string’s length for demonstration.
public int hashCode(){ |
java对象equals方法的重写的更多相关文章
- 关于重写对象equals方法的问题
1.==和equals的区别 a.基本数据类型使用 == 进行值的比较 b.引用类型使用 == 进行比较时,直接比较的是对象的存储地址,即两个引用是否指向了同一个对象. c.equals方法是基类O ...
- java代码equals方法
package com.bc; public class Test_6 { // 我们知道java中的每个类都继承自Object类,equals是Object方法之一 String name; int ...
- java基础—equals方法
一.equals方法介绍 1.1.通过下面的例子掌握equals的用法 1 package cn.galc.test; 2 3 public class TestEquals { 4 public s ...
- Java的equals方法的使用技巧
Java的equals方法的使用技巧 1.业务场景: 在某个社交软件中,要求每个用户的用户名(name)必须独一无二,那么在每次增加新用户的时候,都要对该用户的注册名进行判断,如果当前用户名已经被占用 ...
- 为什么重写 equals 方法 必须重写 hashCode
自己学到这,就记录了下来,代码都是自己敲得,有不对的地方希望大神指点出来 为什么重写 equals 方法 必须重写 hashCode 如果你重写了equals,比如说是基于对象的内容实现的,而不重写 ...
- JAVA中equals方法与hashCode方法学习
首先参考文章:http://www.oschina.net/translate/working-with-hashcode-and-equals-methods-in-java 1,equals方法的 ...
- Java==与equals方法的区别
摘自:http://www.cnblogs.com/dolphin0520/p/3592500.html 1.对于==,如果作用于基本数据类型的变量,则直接比较其存储的 “值”是否相等: 如果作用于引 ...
- java中equals方法和==的用法
java中equals方法的用法以及==的用法(参考一)equals 方法是 java.lang.Object 类的方法.两种用法说明:(1对于字符串变量来说,使用“==”和“equals()”方法比 ...
- Java中“==”与equals的区别以及equals方法的重写
一.“==”与equals的区别: (1)==代表比较双方是否相同: 基本数据类型表示值相等. 引用数据类型表示地址相等,即同一个对象. (2)Object中的equals()方法:是否为同一个对象的 ...
随机推荐
- .NET Framework 4 中的并行编程9---线程安全集合类
原文转载自:http://www.cnblogs.com/xray2005/archive/2011/10/11/2206745.html 在.Net 4中,新增System.Collections. ...
- 不等高cell搭建(二)
一.commentView模块搭建 commentView样式分为两种 1.xib搭建界面 1.1 因为评论的样式大体上一样,我们可以用同一个xib来处理 1.2 最热评论 用 ...
- Spring shiro使用
maven依赖: <dependency> <groupId>commons-collections</groupId> <artifactId>com ...
- 企业Openvpn环境部署
企业Openvpn环境部署 作者:尹正杰 版权声明:原创作品,谢绝转载!否则将追究法律责任 ...
- 2-sat(石头、剪刀、布)hdu4115
Eliminate the Conflict Time Limit: 2000/1000 MS (Java/Others) Memory Limit: 32768/32768 K (Java/O ...
- [原创]java WEB学习笔记85:Hibernate学习之路-- -映射 一对一关系 ,基于主键方式实现
本博客的目的:①总结自己的学习过程,相当于学习笔记 ②将自己的经验分享给大家,相互学习,互相交流,不可商用 内容难免出现问题,欢迎指正,交流,探讨,可以留言,也可以通过以下方式联系. 本人互联网技术爱 ...
- 当执行php脚本时用户关闭浏览器会发生什么?
2008年8月16日 1,152 views 发表评论 阅读评论 如果一段php脚本执行插入数据到mysql的操作. 一般情况下,由于php脚本在服务器上执行,此时用户虽然关闭了浏览器,但是服务器端的 ...
- oracle索引使用时注意
1.使用不等于操作符(<>, !=)下面这种情况,即使在列dept_id有一个索引,查询语句仍然执行一次全表扫描 select * from dept where staff_num &l ...
- SQL 中逻辑运算符的优先级
三个逻辑运算符: NOT AND OR 它们的优先级依次降低(跟多数的高级程序设计语言的优先级顺序一致) 如果要提升某部分的优先级,可以使用半角括号实现 (这点也跟多数高级程序设计语言一致)
- zw版【转发·台湾nvp系列Delphi例程】HALCON InpaintingCt1
zw版[转发·台湾nvp系列Delphi例程]HALCON InpaintingCt1 unit Unit1;interfaceuses Windows, Messages, SysUtils, Va ...