Kubernetes 二进制部署（一）单节点部署（Master 与 Node 同一机器）

0. 前言

• 最近受“新冠肺炎”疫情影响，在家等着，入职暂时延后，在家里办公和学习
• 尝试通过源码编译二进制的方式在单一节点（Master 与 Node 部署在同一个机器上）上部署一个 k8s 环境，整理相关步骤和脚本如下
• 参考原文：Kubernetes二进制部署（一）单节点部署

1. 相关概念

1.1 基本架构

1.2 核心组件

1.2.1 Master

1.2.1.1 kube-apiserver

• 集群的统一入口，各组件协调者
• 以RESTful API提供接口服务
• 所有对象资源的增删改查和监听操作都交给 kube-apiserver 处理
• 之后再通过分布式存储组件 Etcd 保存状态

1.2.1.2 kube-controller-manager

• 处理集群中常规后台任务
• 一个资源对应一个控制器，而 kube-controller-manager 就是负责管理这些控制器的

1.2.1.3 kube-scheduler

• 根据调度算法为新创建的 Pod 选择一个 Node 节点
• 可以任意部署，可以部署在同一个节点上，也可以部署在不同的节点上

1.2.1.4 etcd

• 分布式键值存储系统
• 用于保存集群状态数据，比如 Pod、Service 等对象信息

1.2.2 Node

1.2.2.1 kubelet

• kubelet 是 Master 在Node 节点上的 Agent
• 管理本机运行容器的生命周期，比如创建容器、Pod 挂载数据卷、下载 Secret、获取容器和节点状态等工作
• kubelet 将每个 Pod 转换成一组容器

1.2.2.2 kube-proxy

• 在 Node 节点上实现 Pod 网络代理，维护网络规则和四层负载均衡工作
• 对于从主机上发出的数据，它可以基于请求地址发现远程服务器
• 并将数据正确路由，在某些情况下会使用轮循调度算法（Round-robin）将请求发送到集群中的多个实例

1.2.2.3 docker

• 容器引擎

2. 部署流程

2.1 源码编译

• 安装 golang 环境
• kubernetes v1.18 要求使用的 golang 版本为 1.13

$ wget https://dl.google.com/go/go1.13.8.linux-amd64.tar.gz
$ tar -zxvf go1.13.8.linux-amd64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/

• 添加如下环境变量至 ~/.bashrc 或者 ~/.zshrc

export GOROOT=/usr/local/go

# GOPATH
export GOPATH=$HOME/go

# GOROOT bin
export PATH=$PATH:$GOROOT/bin

# GOPATH bin
export PATH=$PATH:$GOPATH/bin

• 更新环境变量

$ source ~/.bashrc

• 从 github 上下载 kubernetes 最新源码

$ git clone https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes.git

• 编译形成二进制文件

$ make KUBE_BUILD_PLATFORMS=linux/amd64
+++ [ ::] Building go targets for linux/amd64:
    ./vendor/k8s.io/code-generator/cmd/deepcopy-gen
+++ [ ::] Building go targets for linux/amd64:
    ./vendor/k8s.io/code-generator/cmd/defaulter-gen
+++ [ ::] Building go targets for linux/amd64:
    ./vendor/k8s.io/code-generator/cmd/conversion-gen
+++ [ ::] Building go targets for linux/amd64:
    ./vendor/k8s.io/kube-openapi/cmd/openapi-gen
+++ [ ::] Building go targets for linux/amd64:
    ./vendor/github.com/go-bindata/go-bindata/go-bindata
+++ [ ::] Building go targets for linux/amd64:
    cmd/kube-proxy
    cmd/kube-apiserver
    cmd/kube-controller-manager
    cmd/kubelet
    cmd/kubeadm
    cmd/kube-scheduler
    vendor/k8s.io/apiextensions-apiserver
    cluster/gce/gci/mounter
    cmd/kubectl
    cmd/gendocs
    cmd/genkubedocs
    cmd/genman
    cmd/genyaml
    cmd/genswaggertypedocs
    cmd/linkcheck
    vendor/github.com/onsi/ginkgo/ginkgo
    test/e2e/e2e.test
    cluster/images/conformance/go-runner
    cmd/kubemark
    vendor/github.com/onsi/ginkgo/ginkgo

• KUBE_BUILD_PLATFORMS 指定了编译生成的二进制文件的目标平台，包括 darwin/amd64、linux/amd64 和 windows/amd64 等
• 执行 make cross 会生成所有平台的二进制文件
• 云服务器占用资源比较小，建议在本地编译然后上传至服务器
• 生成的 _output 目录即为编译生成文件，核心二进制文件在 _output/local/bin/linux/amd64 中

$ pwd
/root/Coding/kubernetes/_output/local/bin/linux/amd64
$ ls
apiextensions-apiserver genman                  go-runner               kube-scheduler          kubemark
e2e.test                genswaggertypedocs      kube-apiserver          kubeadm                 linkcheck
gendocs                 genyaml                 kube-controller-manager kubectl                 mounter
genkubedocs             ginkgo                  kube-proxy              kubelet

• 其中 kube-apiserver、kube-scheduler、kube-controller-manager、kubectl、kube-proxy 和 kubelet 为安装需要的二进制文件

2.2 安装 docker

• 云服务器上已经安装了 docker，因此此次部署无需安装
• 具体安装细节参见 官方文档

2.3 下载安装脚本

• 后续安装部署的所有脚本已经上传至 github 仓库 中，感兴趣的朋友可以下载
• 创建工作目录 k8s 和脚本目录 k8s/scripts，复制仓库中的所有脚本，到工作目录中的脚本文件夹中

$ git clone https://github.com/wangao1236/k8s_single_deploy.git
$ cd k8s_single_deploy/scripts
$ chmod +x *.sh
$ mkdir -p k8s/scripts
$ cp k8s_single_deploy/scripts/* k8s/scripts

2.4 安装 cfssl

• 安装 cfssl，执行 k8s/scripts/cfssl.sh 脚本，或者执行如下命令：

$ curl -L https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl_linux-amd64 -o /usr/local/bin/cfssl
$ curl -L https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssljson_linux-amd64 -o /usr/local/bin/cfssljson
$ curl -L https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64 -o /usr/local/bin/cfssl-certinfo
$ chmod +x /usr/local/bin/cfssl /usr/local/bin/cfssljson /usr/local/bin/cfssl-certinfo

• k8s/scripts/cfssl.sh 脚本内容如下：

$ cat k8s_single_deploy/scripts/cfssl.sh
curl -L https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl_linux-amd64 -o /usr/local/bin/cfssl
curl -L https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssljson_linux-amd64 -o /usr/local/bin/cfssljson
curl -L https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64 -o /usr/local/bin/cfssl-certinfo
chmod +x /usr/local/bin/cfssl /usr/local/bin/cfssljson /usr/local/bin/cfssl-certinfo

2.5 安装 etcd

• 创建目标文件夹

$ mkdir -p /opt/etcd/{cfg,bin,ssl}

• 下载 etcd 最新版安装包

$ wget https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/releases/download/v3.3.18/etcd-v3.3.18-linux-amd64.tar.gz
$ tar -zxvf etcd-v3.3.18-linux-amd64.tar.gz
$ cp etcd-v3.3.18-linux-amd64/etcdctl etcd-v3.3.18-linux-amd64/etcd /opt/etcd/bin

• 创建文件夹 k8s/etcd-cert，其中 k8s 部署相关文件和脚本的存储根目录，etcd-cert 暂存 etcd https 的证书

$ mkdir -p k8s/etcd-cert

• 复制 etcd-cert.sh 脚本到 etcd-cert 目录中，并执行

$ cp k8s/scripts/etcd-cert.sh k8s/etcd-cert 

• 脚本内容如下：

$ cat k8s/scripts/etcd-cert.sh
cat > ca-config.json <<EOF
{
  "signing": {
    "default": {
      "expiry": "87600h"
    },
    "profiles": {
      "www": {
         "expiry": "87600h",
         "usages": [
            "signing",
            "key encipherment",
            "server auth",
            "client auth"
        ]
      }
    }
  }
}
EOF

cat > ca-csr.json <<EOF
{
    "CN": "etcd CA",
    "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size":
    },
    "names": [
        {
            "C": "CN",
            "L": "Beijing",
            "ST": "Beijing"
        }
    ]
}
EOF

cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca -

#-----------------------

cat > server-csr.json <<EOF
{
    "CN": "etcd",
    "hosts": [
    "10.206.240.188",
    "10.206.240.189",
    "10.206.240.111"
    ],
    "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size":
    },
    "names": [
        {
            "C": "CN",
            "L": "BeiJing",
            "ST": "BeiJing"
        }
    ]
}
EOF

cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=www server-csr.json | cfssljson -bare server

• 注意修改 server-csr.json 部分的 hosts 内容为 127.0.0.1 和服务器的 IP 地址
• 执行脚本

$ ./etcd-cert.sh
// :: [INFO] generating a new CA key and certificate from CSR
// :: [INFO] generate received request
// :: [INFO] received CSR
// :: [INFO] generating key: rsa-
// :: [INFO] encoded CSR
// :: [INFO] signed certificate with serial number
// :: [INFO] generate received request
// :: [INFO] received CSR
// :: [INFO] generating key: rsa-
// :: [INFO] encoded CSR
// :: [INFO] signed certificate with serial number
// :: [WARNING] This certificate lacks a "hosts" field. This makes it unsuitable for
websites. For more information see the Baseline Requirements for the Issuance and Management
of Publicly-Trusted Certificates, v.1.1., from the CA/Browser Forum (https://cabforum.org);
specifically, section 10.2. ("Information Requirements").

• 拷贝证书

$ cp *.pem /opt/etcd/ssl

• 执行 k8s/scripts/etcd.sh 脚本

$ ./k8s/scripts/etcd.sh etcd01 127.0.0.1
# 或者
$ ./k8s/scripts/etcd.sh etcd01 ${服务器 IP}

• k8s/scripts/etcd.sh 脚本内容如下：

$ cat k8s/scripts/etcd.sh
#!/bin/bash
# example: ./etcd.sh etcd01 192.168.1.10

ETCD_NAME=$
ETCD_IP=$

WORK_DIR=/opt/etcd

cat <<EOF >$WORK_DIR/cfg/etcd
#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="${ETCD_NAME}"
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://${ETCD_IP}:2380"
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://${ETCD_IP}:2379"

#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://${ETCD_IP}:2380"
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://${ETCD_IP}:2379"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="${ETCD_NAME}=https://${ETCD_IP}:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"
EOF

cat <<EOF >/usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service
[Unit]
Description=Etcd Server
After=network.target
After=network-online.target
Wants=network-online.target

[Service]
Type=notify
EnvironmentFile=${WORK_DIR}/cfg/etcd
ExecStart=${WORK_DIR}/bin/etcd \
--name=\${ETCD_NAME} \
--data-dir=\${ETCD_DATA_DIR} \
--listen-peer-urls=\${ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS} \
--listen-client-urls=\${ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS},http://127.0.0.1:2379 \
--advertise-client-urls=\${ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS} \
--initial-advertise-peer-urls=\${ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS} \
--initial-cluster=\${ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER} \
--initial-cluster-token=\${ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN} \
--initial-cluster-state=new \
--cert-file=${WORK_DIR}/ssl/server.pem \
--key-file=${WORK_DIR}/ssl/server-key.pem \
--peer-cert-file=${WORK_DIR}/ssl/server.pem \
--peer-key-file=${WORK_DIR}/ssl/server-key.pem \
--trusted-ca-file=${WORK_DIR}/ssl/ca.pem \
--peer-trusted-ca-file=${WORK_DIR}/ssl/ca.pem
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable etcd
systemctl restart etcd

• 由于证书已经加入了 127.0.0.1 和服务器 IP 地址，因此脚本第二个参数可以为 127.0.0.1 或者 服务器 IP
• 为了隐私安全，本文隐藏了服务器 IP，尽可能使用 127.0.0.1 作为节点地址
• 检查安装是否成功，执行如下命令：

$ /opt/etcd/bin/etcdctl --ca-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem --cert-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem --key-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem --endpoints="https://127.0.0.1:2379" cluster-health
member f6947f26c76d8a6b is healthy: got healthy result from https://127.0.0.1:2379
cluster is healthy
# 或者
$ /opt/etcd/bin/etcdctl --ca-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem --cert-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem --key-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem --endpoints="https://${服务器 IP}:2379" cluster-health
member f6947f26c76d8a6b is healthy: got healthy result from https://${服务器 IP}:2379
cluster is healthy 

• 由于是单节点集群，因此指定集群地址时只有一个地址，出现“member ...... is healthy: go healthy result from .......”，说明 etcd 正常启动了
• 脚本会生成配置文件

$ cat /opt/etcd/cfg/etcd
#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd01"
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://127.0.0.1:2380"
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://127.0.0.1:2379"

#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://127.0.0.1:2380"
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://127.0.0.1:2379"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd01=https://127.0.0.1:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"

2.6 部署 flannel

• 写入分配的子网段到 etcd 中，供 flannel 使用：

$ /opt/etcd/bin/etcdctl --ca-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem --cert-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem --key-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem --endpoints="https://127.0.0.1:2379" set /coreos.com/network/config '{ "Network": "172.17.0.0/16", "Backend": {"Type": "vxlan"}}'
{ "Network": "172.17.0.0/16", "Backend": {"Type": "vxlan"}} 

• 查看写入的信息

$ /opt/etcd/bin/etcdctl --ca-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem --cert-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem --key-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem --endpoints="https://127.0.0.1:2379" get /coreos.com/network/config
{ "Network": "172.17.0.0/16", "Backend": {"Type": "vxlan"}}

• 下载 flannel 最新安装包

$ wget https://github.com/coreos/flannel/releases/download/v0.11.0/flannel-v0.11.0-linux-amd64.tar.gz
$ tar -zxvf flannel-v0.11.0-linux-amd64.tar.gz
$ mkdir -p /opt/kubernetes/{cfg,bin,ssl}
$ mv mk-docker-opts.sh flanneld /opt/kubernetes/bin/

• 执行脚本 k8s/scripts/flannel.sh，第一个参数为 etcd 地址

$ ./k8s/scripts/flannel.sh https://127.0.0.1:2379

• 脚本内容如下：

$ cat k8s/scripts/flannel.sh
#!/bin/bash

ETCD_ENDPOINTS=${:-"http://127.0.0.1:2379"}

cat <<EOF >/opt/kubernetes/cfg/flanneld

FLANNEL_OPTIONS="--etcd-endpoints=${ETCD_ENDPOINTS} \
-etcd-cafile=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
-etcd-certfile=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \
-etcd-keyfile=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem"

EOF

cat <<EOF >/usr/lib/systemd/system/flanneld.service
[Unit]
Description=Flanneld overlay address etcd agent
After=network-online.target network.target
Before=docker.service

[Service]
Type=notify
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/flanneld
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/flanneld --ip-masq \$FLANNEL_OPTIONS
ExecStartPost=/opt/kubernetes/bin/mk-docker-opts.sh -k DOCKER_NETWORK_OPTIONS -d /run/flannel/subnet.env
Restart=on-failure

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

EOF

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable flanneld
systemctl restart flanneld

• 查看启动时指定的子网

$ cat /run/flannel/subnet.env
DOCKER_OPT_BIP="--bip=172.17.23.1/24"
DOCKER_OPT_IPMASQ="--ip-masq=false"
DOCKER_OPT_MTU="--mtu=1450"
DOCKER_NETWORK_OPTIONS=" --bip=172.17.23.1/24 --ip-masq=false --mtu=1450"

• 执行 vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service 修改 docker 配置

[Unit]
Description=Docker Application Container Engine
Documentation=https://docs.docker.com
BindsTo=containerd.service
After=network-online.target firewalld.service containerd.service
Wants=network-online.target
Requires=docker.socket

[Service]
Type=notify
# the default is not to use systemd for cgroups because the delegate issues still
# exists and systemd currently does not support the cgroup feature set required
# for containers run by docker
EnvironmentFile=/run/flannel/subnet.env
ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd $DOCKER_NETWORK_OPTIONS -H unix:///var/run/docker.sock
#ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd -H fd:// --containerd=/run/containerd/containerd.soc
ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID
TimeoutSec=
RestartSec=
Restart=always
......

• 重启 docker  服务

$ systemctl daemon-reload
$ systemctl restart docker

• 查看 flannel 网络，docker0 位于 flannel 分配的子网中

$ ifconfig
docker0:flags=<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST>mtu1500
        inet172.17.23.1netmask255.255.255.0broadcast172.17.23.
        ether02::c4::b7:e3txqueuelen0(Ethernet)
        RXpackets0bytes0(.0B)
        RXerrors0dropped0overruns0frame0
        TXpackets0bytes0(.0B)
        TXerrors0dropped0overruns0carrier0collisions0
eth1:......
flannel.:flags=<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>mtu1450
        inet172.17.23.0netmask255.255.255.255broadcast0.0.0.
        ether1e:7a:e8:a0:4d:a5txqueuelen0(Ethernet)
        RXpackets0bytes0(.0B)
        RXerrors0dropped0overruns0frame0
        TXpackets0bytes0(.0B)
        TXerrors0dropped0overruns0carrier0collisions0
lo:flags=<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>mtu65536
        inet127.0.0.1netmask255.0.0.
        looptxqueuelen0(LocalLoopback)
        RXpackets2807bytes220030(.8KiB)
        RXerrors0dropped0overruns0frame0
        TXpackets2807bytes220030(.8KiB)
        TXerrors0dropped0overruns0carrier0collisions0

• 创建容器，查看容器网络

$ docker run -it centos: /bin/bash
[root@f04f38dfa5ec /]# yum install -y  net-tools
[root@f04f38dfa5ec /]# ifconfig
eth0: flags=<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu
        inet 172.17.23.2  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 172.17.23.255
        ether ::ac:::  txqueuelen   (Ethernet)
        RX packets   bytes  (14.2 MiB)
        RX errors   dropped   overruns   frame
        TX packets   bytes  (435.0 KiB)
        TX errors   dropped  overruns   carrier   collisions 

lo: flags=<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu
        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
        loop  txqueuelen   (Local Loopback)
        RX packets   bytes  (0.0 B)
        RX errors   dropped   overruns   frame
        TX packets   bytes  (0.0 B)
        TX errors   dropped  overruns   carrier   collisions
[root@f04f38dfa5ec /]# ping 172.17.23.1
PING 172.17.23.1 (172.17.23.1) () bytes of data.
 bytes from 172.17.23.1: icmp_seq= ttl= time=0.056 ms
 bytes from 172.17.23.1: icmp_seq= ttl= time=0.056 ms
 bytes from 172.17.23.1: icmp_seq= ttl= time=0.046 ms
 bytes from 172.17.23.1: icmp_seq= ttl= time=0.048 ms
 bytes from 172.17.23.1: icmp_seq= ttl= time=0.049 ms
 bytes from 172.17.23.1: icmp_seq= ttl= time=0.046 ms
 bytes from 172.17.23.1: icmp_seq= ttl= time=0.055 ms

• 测试可以 ping 通 docker0 网卡 证明 flannel 起到路由作用

2.7 安装 kube-apiserver

• 修改 k8s/scripts/k8s-cert.sh 中 server-csr.json 部分的 hosts 字段为 127.0.0.1 和服务器 IP 地址

cat > server-csr.json <<EOF
{
    "CN": "kubernetes",
    "hosts": [
      "10.0.0.1",
      "127.0.0.1",
      "${服务器IP}",
      "kubernetes",
      "kubernetes.default",
      "kubernetes.default.svc",
      "kubernetes.default.svc.cluster",
      "kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local"
    ],
    "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size":
    },
    "names": [
        {
            "C": "CN",
            "L": "BeiJing",
            "ST": "BeiJing",
            "O": "k8s",
            "OU": "System"
        }
    ]
}
EOF

• 使用 k8s/scripts/k8s-cert.sh 脚本生成认证：

$ mkdir -p k8s/k8s-cert
$ cp k8s/scripts/k8s-cert.sh k8s/k8s-cert
$ cd k8s/k8s-cert
$ ./k8s-cert.sh
$ ls
admin.csr admin.pem ca-csr.json k8s-cert.sh kube-proxy-key.pem server-csr.json
admin-csr.json ca-config.json ca-key.pem kube-proxy.csr kube-proxy.pem server-key.pem
admin-key.pem ca.csr ca.pem kube-proxy-csr.json server.csr server.pem
$ cp ca*pem server*pem /opt/kubernetes/ssl/

• 脚本内容如下：

$ cat k8s-cert.sh
cat > ca-config.json <<EOF
{
  "signing": {
    "default": {
      "expiry": "87600h"
    },
    "profiles": {
      "kubernetes": {
         "expiry": "87600h",
         "usages": [
            "signing",
            "key encipherment",
            "server auth",
            "client auth"
        ]
      }
    }
  }
}
EOF

cat > ca-csr.json <<EOF
{
    "CN": "kubernetes",
    "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size":
    },
    "names": [
        {
            "C": "CN",
            "L": "Beijing",
            "ST": "Beijing",
              "O": "k8s",
            "OU": "System"
        }
    ]
}
EOF

cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca -

#-----------------------

cat > server-csr.json <<EOF
{
    "CN": "kubernetes",
    "hosts": [
      "10.0.0.1",
      "127.0.0.1",
      "10.206.176.19",
      "10.206.240.188",
      "10.206.240.189",
      "kubernetes",
      "kubernetes.default",
      "kubernetes.default.svc",
      "kubernetes.default.svc.cluster",
      "kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local"
    ],
    "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size":
    },
    "names": [
        {
            "C": "CN",
            "L": "BeiJing",
            "ST": "BeiJing",
            "O": "k8s",
            "OU": "System"
        }
    ]
}
EOF

cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes server-csr.json | cfssljson -bare server

#-----------------------

cat > admin-csr.json <<EOF
{
  "CN": "admin",
  "hosts": [],
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size":
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "CN",
      "L": "BeiJing",
      "ST": "BeiJing",
      "O": "system:masters",
      "OU": "System"
    }
  ]
}
EOF

cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes admin-csr.json | cfssljson -bare admin

#-----------------------

cat > kube-proxy-csr.json <<EOF
{
  "CN": "system:kube-proxy",
  "hosts": [],
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size":
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "CN",
      "L": "BeiJing",
      "ST": "BeiJing",
      "O": "k8s",
      "OU": "System"
    }
  ]
}
EOF

cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-proxy-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-proxy

• 复制上述提到的 kube-apiserver、kubectl、kube-controller-manager、kube-scheduler、kubelet 和 kube-proxy 到 /opt/kubernetes/bin/ 中

$ cp kube-apiserver kubectl kube-controller-manager kube-scheduler kubelet kube-proxy /opt/kubernetes/bin/

• 生成随机序列号

$ head -c  /dev/urandom | od -An -t x | tr -d ' '
20cd735bd334f4334118f8be496df49d
$ cat /opt/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv
20cd735bd334f4334118f8be496df49d,kubelet-bootstrap,,"system:kubelet-bootstrap"

• 执行 k8s/scripts/apiserver.sh 脚本，启动 kube-apiserver.service 服务，第一个参数为 Master 节点地址，第二个为 etcd 集群地址

$ ./k8s/scripts/apiserver.sh ${服务器IP} https://127.0.0.1:2379
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/kube-apiserver.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service.

• 脚本内容如下：

$ cat k8s/scripts/apiserver.sh
#!/bin/bash

MASTER_ADDRESS=$
ETCD_SERVERS=$

cat <<EOF >/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserver

KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS="--logtostderr=true \\
--v= \\
--etcd-servers=${ETCD_SERVERS} \\
--bind-address=${MASTER_ADDRESS} \\
--secure-port= \\
--advertise-address=${MASTER_ADDRESS} \\
--allow-privileged=true \\
--service-cluster-ip-range=10.0.0.0/ \\
--enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,ResourceQuota,NodeRestriction \\
--authorization-mode=RBAC,Node \\
--kubelet-https=true \\
--enable-bootstrap-token-auth \\
--token-auth-file=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv \\
--service-node-port-range=- \\
--tls-cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem  \\
--tls-private-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem \\
--client-ca-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \\
--service-account-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \\
--etcd-cafile=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \\
--etcd-certfile=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \\
--etcd-keyfile=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem"

EOF

cat <<EOF >/usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes API Server
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=-/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserver
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-apiserver \$KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable kube-apiserver
systemctl restart kube-apiserver

• 脚本会创建 kube-apiserver.service 的服务，查看服务状态

$ systemctl status kube-apiserver.service
* kube-apiserver.service - Kubernetes API Server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Sun -- :: CST; 3min 10s ago
     Docs: https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
 Main PID:  (kube-apiserver)
    Tasks:
   Memory: 244.5M
   CGroup: /system.slice/kube-apiserver.service
           `- /opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-apiserver --logtostderr=true --v= --etcd-servers=https://127.0.0.1:...

Feb  :: VM_121_198_centos kube-apiserver[]: I0216 ::10.491629    available_controller.g...ons
Feb  :: VM_121_198_centos kube-apiserver[]: I0216 ::10.514914    httplog.go:] verb="G…668":
Feb  :: VM_121_198_centos kube-apiserver[]: I0216 ::10.516879    httplog.go:] verb="G...8":
Feb  :: VM_121_198_centos kube-apiserver[]: I0216 ::10.525747    httplog.go:] verb="G...8":
Feb  :: VM_121_198_centos kube-apiserver[]: I0216 ::10.527263    httplog.go:] verb="G...8":
Feb  :: VM_121_198_centos kube-apiserver[]: I0216 ::10.528568    httplog.go:] verb="G…668":
Feb  :: VM_121_198_centos kube-apiserver[]: I0216 ::11.609546    httplog.go:] verb="G...8":
Feb  :: VM_121_198_centos kube-apiserver[]: I0216 ::11.611355    httplog.go:] verb="G...8":
Feb  :: VM_121_198_centos kube-apiserver[]: I0216 ::11.619297    httplog.go:] verb="G...8":
Feb  :: VM_121_198_centos kube-apiserver[]: I0216 ::11.624253    httplog.go:] verb="G…668":
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.

• 查看 kube-apiservce.service 的配置文件

$ cat /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserver

KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS="--logtostderr=true \
--v= \
--etcd-servers=https://127.0.0.1:2379 \
--bind-address=${服务器IP} \
--secure-port= \
--advertise-address=${服务器IP} \
--allow-privileged=true \
--service-cluster-ip-range=10.0.0.0/ \
--enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,ResourceQuota,NodeRestriction \
--authorization-mode=RBAC,Node \
--kubelet-https=true \
--enable-bootstrap-token-auth \
--token-auth-file=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv \
--service-node-port-range=- \
--tls-cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem  \
--tls-private-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem \
--client-ca-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--service-account-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \
--etcd-cafile=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
--etcd-certfile=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \
--etcd-keyfile=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem"

2.8 安装 kube-scheduler

• 执行 k8s/scripts/scheduler.sh 脚本，创建 kube-scheduler.service 服务并启动，第一个参数为 Master 节点地址

$ ./k8s/scripts/scheduler.sh 127.0.0.1
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/kube-scheduler.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-scheduler.service.

• 脚本内容如下：

$ cat k8s/scripts/scheduler.sh
#!/bin/bash

MASTER_ADDRESS=$

cat <<EOF >/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler

KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS="--logtostderr=true \\
--v= \\
--master=${MASTER_ADDRESS}: \\
--leader-elect"

EOF

cat <<EOF >/usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-scheduler.service
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Scheduler
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=-/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-scheduler \$KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable kube-scheduler
systemctl restart kube-scheduler

• 脚本会创建 kube-scheduler.service 服务，查看服务状态

$ systemctl status kube-scheduler.service
* kube-scheduler.service - Kubernetes Scheduler
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-scheduler.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Sun -- :: CST; 5h 35min ago
     Docs: https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
 Main PID:  (kube-scheduler)
    Tasks:
   Memory: 12.4M
   CGroup: /system.slice/kube-scheduler.service
           `- /opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-scheduler --logtostderr=true --v= --master=127.0.0.1: --leader-...

Feb  :: VM_121_198_centos kube-scheduler[]: I0216 ::36.873191    reflector.go:] k8s....ved
Feb  :: VM_121_198_centos kube-scheduler[]: I0216 ::33.873911    reflector.go:] k8s....ved
Feb  :: VM_121_198_centos kube-scheduler[]: I0216 ::34.876413    reflector.go:] k8s....ved
Feb  :: VM_121_198_centos kube-scheduler[]: I0216 ::05.874120    reflector.go:] k8s....ved
Feb  :: VM_121_198_centos kube-scheduler[]: I0216 ::38.873990    reflector.go:] k8s....ved
Feb  :: VM_121_198_centos kube-scheduler[]: I0216 ::47.869403    reflector.go:] k8s....ved
Feb  :: VM_121_198_centos kube-scheduler[]: I0216 ::16.876848    reflector.go:] k8s....ved
Feb  :: VM_121_198_centos kube-scheduler[]: I0216 ::24.873540    reflector.go:] k8s....ved
Feb  :: VM_121_198_centos kube-scheduler[]: I0216 ::52.876115    reflector.go:] k8s....ved
Feb  :: VM_121_198_centos kube-scheduler[]: I0216 ::42.874884    reflector.go:] k8s....ved
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full. 

2.9 安装 kube-controller-manager

• 执行 k8s/scripts/controller-manager.sh 脚本，创建 kube-controller-manager.service 服务并启动，第一个参数为 Master 节点地址

$ ./k8s/scripts/controller-manager.sh 127.0.0.1
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/kube-controller-manager.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-controller-manager.service.

• 脚本内容如下：

$ cat ./k8s/scripts/controller-manager.sh
#!/bin/bash

MASTER_ADDRESS=$

cat <<EOF >/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager

KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS="--logtostderr=true \\
--v= \\
--master=${MASTER_ADDRESS}: \\
--leader-elect=true \\
--address=127.0.0.1 \\
--service-cluster-ip-range=10.0.0.0/ \\
--cluster-name=kubernetes \\
--cluster-signing-cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \\
--cluster-signing-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem  \\
--root-ca-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \\
--service-account-private-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \\
--experimental-cluster-signing-duration=87600h0m0s"

EOF

cat <<EOF >/usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-controller-manager.service
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Controller Manager
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=-/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-controller-manager \$KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable kube-controller-manager
systemctl restart kube-controller-manager

• 脚本会创建 kube-controller-manager.service 服务，查看服务状态

$ systemctl status kube-controller-manager.service
* kube-controller-manager.service - Kubernetes Controller Manager
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-controller-manager.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Sun -- :: CST; 54s ago
     Docs: https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
 Main PID:  (kube-controller)
    Tasks:
   Memory: 24.9M
   CGroup: /system.slice/kube-controller-manager.service
           `- /opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-controller-manager --logtostderr=true --v= --master=127.0.0.1: ...

Feb  :: VM_121_198_centos kube-controller-manager[]: I0216 ::57.577189    pv_controller_...er
Feb  :: VM_121_198_centos kube-controller-manager[]: I0216 ::00.128738    request.go:...2s
Feb  :: VM_121_198_centos kube-controller-manager[]: I0216 ::00.178743    request.go:...2s
Feb  :: VM_121_198_centos kube-controller-manager[]: I0216 ::00.228729    request.go:...2s
Feb  :: VM_121_198_centos kube-controller-manager[]: I0216 ::00.278737    request.go:...2s
Feb  :: VM_121_198_centos kube-controller-manager[]: I0216 ::00.635791    request.go:...2s
Feb  :: VM_121_198_centos kube-controller-manager[]: I0216 ::00.685804    request.go:...2s
Feb  :: VM_121_198_centos kube-controller-manager[]: I0216 ::00.735807    request.go:...2s
Feb  :: VM_121_198_centos kube-controller-manager[]: I0216 ::00.785776    request.go:...2s
Feb  :: VM_121_198_centos kube-controller-manager[]: I0216 ::00.786828    resource_quota...nc
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.

• 至此，Master 节点的相关组件已经安装完毕了
• 将二进制文件目录加入环境变量：export PATH=$PATH:/opt/kubernetes/bin/

$ vim ~/.zshrc
......
export PATH=$PATH:/opt/kubernetes/bin/
$ source ~/.zshrc

• 查看 Master 节点状态

$ kubectl get cs
NAME                 STATUS    MESSAGE             ERROR
controller-manager   Healthy   ok
scheduler            Healthy   ok
etcd-               Healthy   {"health":"true"}

2.10 安装 kubelet

• 从此节开始，安装的组件均为 Node 节点使用，因为是单节点，因此安装在同一机器上
• 创建工作目录，复制 k8s/scripts/kubeconfig.sh 脚本

$ mkdir -p k8s/kubeconfig
$ cp k8s/scripts/kubeconfig.sh k8s/kubeconfig
$ cd k8s/kubeconfig

• 查看 kube-apiserver 的 token

$ cat /opt/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv
20cd735bd334f4334118f8be496df49d,kubelet-bootstrap,,"system:kubelet-bootstrap" 

• 修改脚本 设置客户端认证参数 部分，将如下：

......
# 设置客户端认证参数
kubectl config set-credentials kubelet-bootstrap \
  --token=${BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN} \
  --kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
......

• 替换为 /opt/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv 中的 token

# 设置客户端认证参数
kubectl config set-credentials kubelet-bootstrap \
   --token=20cd735bd334f4334118f8be496df49d \
   --kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig 

• 执行 kubeconfig.sh 脚本，第一个参数为 kube-apiserver 监听的 IP 地址，第二个为上述建立的 k8s-cert 目录，生成的文件复制到配置文件目录中

$ ./kubeconfig.sh ${服务器 IP} ../k8s-cert
f920d3cad77834c418494860695ea887
Cluster "kubernetes" set.
User "kubelet-bootstrap" set.
Context "default" modified.
Switched to context "default".
Cluster "kubernetes" set.
User "kube-proxy" set.
Context "default" modified.
Switched to context "default".
$ cp bootstrap.kubeconfig kube-proxy.kubeconfig /opt/kubernetes/cfg/ 

• 脚本内容如下：

$ cat kubeconfig.sh
# 创建 TLS Bootstrapping Token
BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN=$(head -c  /dev/urandom | od -An -t x | tr -d ' ')
echo ${BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN}

cat > token.csv <<EOF
${BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN},kubelet-bootstrap,,"system:kubelet-bootstrap"
EOF

#----------------------

APISERVER=$
SSL_DIR=$

# 创建kubelet bootstrapping kubeconfig
export KUBE_APISERVER="https://$APISERVER:6443"

# 设置集群参数
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
  --certificate-authority=$SSL_DIR/ca.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
  --kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig

# 设置客户端认证参数
kubectl config set-credentials kubelet-bootstrap \
  --token=20cd735bd334f4334118f8be496df49d \
  --kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig

# 设置上下文参数
kubectl config set-context default \
  --cluster=kubernetes \
  --user=kubelet-bootstrap \
  --kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig

# 设置默认上下文
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig

#----------------------

# 创建kube-proxy kubeconfig文件

kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
  --certificate-authority=$SSL_DIR/ca.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
  --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig

kubectl config set-credentials kube-proxy \
  --client-certificate=$SSL_DIR/kube-proxy.pem \
  --client-key=$SSL_DIR/kube-proxy-key.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig

kubectl config set-context default \
  --cluster=kubernetes \
  --user=kube-proxy \
  --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig

kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig

• 执行 k8s/scripts/kubelet.sh 脚本，创建 kubelet.service 服务并启动，第一个参数为 Node 节点地址（127.0.0.1 或者服务器 IP）

$ ./k8s/scripts/kubelet.sh 127.0.0.1
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/kubelet.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service.

• 脚本内容如下：

$ cat ./k8s/scripts/kubelet.sh
#!/bin/bash

NODE_ADDRESS=$
DNS_SERVER_IP=${:-"10.0.0.2"}

cat <<EOF >/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet

KUBELET_OPTS="--logtostderr=true \\
--v= \\
--hostname-override=${NODE_ADDRESS} \\
--node-labels=node.kubernetes.io/k8s-master=true \\
--kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.kubeconfig \\
--bootstrap-kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/bootstrap.kubeconfig \\
--config=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.config \\
--cert-dir=/opt/kubernetes/ssl \\
--pod-infra-container-image=registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google-containers/pause-amd64:3.0"

EOF

cat <<EOF >/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.config

kind: KubeletConfiguration
apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
address: ${NODE_ADDRESS}
port:
readOnlyPort:
cgroupDriver: cgroupfs
clusterDNS:
- ${DNS_SERVER_IP}
clusterDomain: cluster.local.
failSwapOn: false
authentication:
  anonymous:
    enabled: true
EOF

cat <<EOF >/usr/lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Kubelet
After=docker.service
Requires=docker.service

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kubelet \$KUBELET_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
KillMode=process

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable kubelet
systemctl restart kubelet

• 创建 bootstrap 角色赋予权限用于连接 kube-apiserver 请求签名

$ kubectl create clusterrolebinding kubelet-bootstrap --clusterrole=system:node-bootstrapper --user=kubelet-bootstrap
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubelet-bootstrap created

• 检查请求

$ kubectl get csr
NAME                                                   AGE   REQUESTOR           CONDITION
node-csr-080q0dk5uSm0JxED14c6UB7q4jeUSCUHUxqosnqtnpA   16s   kubelet-bootstrap   Pending

• 同意请求并颁发证书

$ kubectl certificate approve node-csr-080q0dk5uSm0JxED14c6UB7q4jeUSCUHUxqosnqtnpA
certificatesigningrequest.certificates.k8s.io/node-csr-080q0dk5uSm0JxED14c6UB7q4jeUSCUHUxqosnqtnpA approved
$ kubectl get csr
NAME                                                   AGE     REQUESTOR           CONDITION
node-csr-080q0dk5uSm0JxED14c6UB7q4jeUSCUHUxqosnqtnpA   2m51s   kubelet-bootstrap   Approved,Issued

• 查看集群节点

$ kubectl get node
NAME        STATUS   ROLES    AGE   VERSION
127.0.0.1   Ready    <none>   77s   v1.18.0-alpha.5.158+1c60045db0bd6e 

• 已经是 Ready 状态，说明加入成功
• 由于该 Node 同时也是 Master 角色，因此需要标记一下

$ kubectl label node 127.0.0.1 node-role.kubernetes.io/master=true
node/127.0.0.1 labeled
$ kubectl get node
NAME        STATUS   ROLES    AGE     VERSION
127.0.0.1   Ready    master   4m21s   v1.18.0-alpha.5.158+1c60045db0bd6e

2.11 安装 kube-proxy

• 执行 k8s/scripts/proxy.sh 脚本，创建 kube-proxy.service 服务并启动，第一个参数为 Node 节点地址

$ ./k8s/scripts/proxy.sh 127.0.0.1
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/kube-proxy.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-proxy.service. 

• 脚本内容如下：

$ cat ./k8s/scripts/proxy.sh
#!/bin/bash

NODE_ADDRESS=$

cat <<EOF >/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy

KUBE_PROXY_OPTS="--logtostderr=true \\
--v= \\
--hostname-override=${NODE_ADDRESS} \\
--cluster-cidr=10.0.0.0/ \\
--proxy-mode=ipvs \\
--kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.kubeconfig"

EOF

cat <<EOF >/usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-proxy.service
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Proxy
After=network.target

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=-/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-proxy \$KUBE_PROXY_OPTS
Restart=on-failure

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable kube-proxy
systemctl restart kube-proxy

• 脚本会创建 kube-proxy.service 服务，查看服务状态

$ systemctl status kube-proxy.service
* kube-proxy.service - Kubernetes Proxy
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-proxy.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Sun -- :: CST; 4min 13s ago
 Main PID:  (kube-proxy)
    Tasks:
   Memory: 7.6M
   CGroup: /system.slice/kube-proxy.service
           `- /opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-proxy --logtostderr=true --v= --hostname-override=127.0.0.1 --cluste...

Feb  :: VM_121_198_centos kube-proxy[]: I0216 ::20.716190     config.go:] Calling han...date
Feb  :: VM_121_198_centos kube-proxy[]: I0216 ::20.800724     config.go:] Calling han...date
Feb  :: VM_121_198_centos kube-proxy[]: I0216 ::22.724946     config.go:] Calling han...date
Feb  :: VM_121_198_centos kube-proxy[]: I0216 ::22.809768     config.go:] Calling han...date
Feb  :: VM_121_198_centos kube-proxy[]: I0216 ::24.733676     config.go:] Calling han...date
Feb  :: VM_121_198_centos kube-proxy[]: I0216 ::24.818662     config.go:] Calling han...date
Feb  :: VM_121_198_centos kube-proxy[]: I0216 ::26.743754     config.go:] Calling han...date
Feb  :: VM_121_198_centos kube-proxy[]: I0216 ::26.830673     config.go:] Calling han...date
Feb  :: VM_121_198_centos kube-proxy[]: I0216 ::28.755816     config.go:] Calling han...date
Feb  :: VM_121_198_centos kube-proxy[]: I0216 ::28.838915     config.go:] Calling han...date
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.

2.12 检验安装

• 创建 yaml 文件

$ mkdir -p k8s/yamls
$ cd k8s/yamls
$ vim nginx-deployment.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: nginx-deployment
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: nginx
  replicas:
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: nginx
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: nginx
        image: nginx:1.7.
        ports:
        - containerPort: 

• 创建 deployment 对象，查看生成的 Pod，进入 Running 状态，说明已经成功创建

$ kubectl apply -f nginx-deployment.yaml
$ kubectl get pods
NAME                                READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
nginx-deployment-54f57cf6bf-c24p4   /     Running             12s
nginx-deployment-54f57cf6bf-w2pqp   /     Running             12s

• 查看 Pod 具体信息

$ kubectl describe pod  nginx-deployment-54f57cf6bf-c24p4
Name:         nginx-deployment-54f57cf6bf-c24p4
Namespace:    default
Priority:
Node:         127.0.0.1/127.0.0.1
Start Time:   Sun,  Feb  :: +
Labels:       app=nginx
              pod-template-hash=54f57cf6bf
Annotations:  <none>
Status:       Running
IP:           172.17.23.2
IPs:
  IP:           172.17.23.2
Controlled By:  ReplicaSet/nginx-deployment-54f57cf6bf
Containers:
  nginx:
    Container ID:   docker://ffdfdefa8a743e5911634ca4b4d5c00b3e98955799c7c52c8040e6a8161706f9
    Image:          nginx:1.7.
    Image ID:       docker-pullable://nginx@sha256:e3456c851a152494c3e4ff5fcc26f240206abac0c9d794affb40e0714846c451
    Port:           /TCP
    Host Port:      /TCP
    State:          Running
      Started:      Sun,  Feb  :: +
    Ready:          True
    Restart Count:
    Environment:    <none>
    Mounts:
      /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount from default-token-x7gjm (ro)
Conditions:
  Type              Status
  Initialized       True
  Ready             True
  ContainersReady   True
  PodScheduled      True
Volumes:
  default-token-x7gjm:
    Type:        Secret (a volume populated by a Secret)
    SecretName:  default-token-x7gjm
    Optional:    false
QoS Class:       BestEffort
Node-Selectors:  <none>
Tolerations:     node.kubernetes.io/not-ready:NoExecute for 300s
                 node.kubernetes.io/unreachable:NoExecute for 300s
Events:
  Type    Reason     Age        From                Message
  ----    ------     ----       ----                -------
  Normal  Scheduled  <unknown>  default-scheduler   Successfully assigned default/nginx-deployment-54f57cf6bf-c24p4 to 127.0.0.1
  Normal  Pulled     2m11s      kubelet, 127.0.0.1  Container image "nginx:1.7.9" already present on machine
  Normal  Created    2m11s      kubelet, 127.0.0.1  Created container nginx
  Normal  Started    2m11s      kubelet, 127.0.0.1  Started container nginx

• 若查看时报如下错误：

Error from server (Forbidden): Forbidden (user=system:anonymous, verb=get, resource=nodes, subresource=proxy) 

• 则需要给集群加一个 cluster-admin 权限：

$ kubectl create clusterrolebinding system:anonymous   --clusterrole=cluster-admin   --user=system:anonymous

3. 小结

• 相对于 kubeadm，二进制安装复杂的多
• 但是基于源码的开发和测试需要通过二进制方式部署
• 因此掌握二进制方式部署 k8s 集群的方法非常重要
• 上述的脚本均上传至 github 仓库
• 欢迎各位提出问题和批评

4. 参考文献

• Kubernetes二进制部署（一）单节点部署
• Error from server (Forbidden): Forbidden (user=system:anonymous...)