java 获取中文字符的首字母

原理: GB2312编码中的中文是按照拼音排序的

注意: 一些生僻的字无法获得正确的首字母，原因是这些字都是后加入的。

 import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;  

 /**
  * 取得给定汉字串的首字母串,即声母串
  *
  * 注：只支持GB2312字符集中的汉字
  */
 class ChineseInital {
     private final static int[] areaCode = { 1601, 1637, 1833, 2078, 2274,
             2302, 2433, 2594, 2787, 3106, 3212, 3472, 3635, 3722, 3730, 3858,
             4027, 4086, 4390, 4558, 4684, 4925, 5249, 5590 };
     private final static String[] letters = { "a", "b", "c", "d", "e",
             "f", "g", "h", "j", "k", "l", "m", "n", "o", "p", "q", "r", "s",
             "t", "w", "x", "y", "z" };  

     /**
      * 取得给定汉字串的首字母串
      * @param str 给定汉字串
      * @return 所有字符的首字母
      */
     public static String getAllFirstLetter(String str) {
         if (str == null || str.trim().length() == 0) {
             return "";
         }  

         String _str = "";
         for (int i = 0; i < str.length(); i++) {
             _str = _str + this.getFirstLetter(str.substring(i, i + 1));
         }  

         return _str;
     }  

     /**
      * 取得给定汉字的首字母,即声母
      * @param chinese 给定的汉字
      * @return 给定汉字的声母
      */
     public static String getFirstLetter(String chinese) {
         if (chinese == null || chinese.trim().length() == 0) {
             return "";
         }
         chinese = this.conversionStr(chinese, "GB2312", "ISO8859-1");  

         if (chinese.length() > 1) // 判断是不是汉字
         {
             int li_SectorCode = (int) chinese.charAt(0); // 汉字区码
             int li_PositionCode = (int) chinese.charAt(1); // 汉字位码
             li_SectorCode = li_SectorCode - 160;
             li_PositionCode = li_PositionCode - 160;
             int li_SecPosCode = li_SectorCode * 100 + li_PositionCode; // 汉字区位码
             if (li_SecPosCode > 1600 && li_SecPosCode < 5590) {
                 for (int i = 0; i < 23; i++) {
                     if (li_SecPosCode >= areaCode[i]
                             && li_SecPosCode < areaCode[i + 1]) {
                         chinese = letters[i];
                         break;
                     }
                 }
             } else // 非汉字字符,如图形符号或ASCII码
             {
                 chinese = this.conversionStr(chinese, "ISO8859-1", "GB2312");
                 chinese = chinese.substring(0, 1);
             }
         }  

         return chinese;
     }  

     /**
      * 字符串编码转换
      * @param str 要转换编码的字符串
      * @param charsetName 原来的编码
      * @param toCharsetName 转换后的编码
      * @return 经过编码转换后的字符串
      */
     private static String conversionStr(String str, String charsetName,String toCharsetName) {
         try {
             str = new String(str.getBytes(charsetName), toCharsetName);
         } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException ex) {
             System.out.println("字符串编码转换异常：" + ex.getMessage());
         }
         return str;
     }  

 }  

调用：

 String s = ChineseInital.getAllFirstLetter("中华人民共和国");
 System.out.println(s); // => "zhrmghg"

(整理于网络)