使用pygame开发一个弹幕射击游戏（一）
本文作为开发过程记录用。
目前游戏画面：
下一个添加的功能：敌机可以进行射击。
弹幕类
from pygame.sprite import Sprite
from pygame import transform
import math class Barrage(Sprite):
def __init__(self,raiden_settings,screen,ship,enemy,angle=0):
self.barrage_type = enemy.barrage_type
self.screen = screen
self.raiden_settings = raiden_settings self.ship = ship self.image = pygame.image.load(raiden_settings. \
barrage_image[barrage_type-1]) self.rect = self.image.get_rect() self.rect.x = enemy.rect.x
self.rect.y = enemy.rect.y self.x = float(self.rect.x)
self.y = float(self.rect.y) self.angle = angle if self.barrage_type == 1:
self.image = pygame.transform.rotate(self.image,
raiden_settings.direction_angle) def update(self):
if self.barrage_type == 1 or self.barrage_type == 2:
self.x += self.raiden_settings.barrage_speed_factor * \
math.sin(self.angle)
self.y += self.raiden_settings.barrage_speed_factor * \
math.cos(self.angle)
if self.barrage_type == 3:
tmp = ((self.x - self.ship.x) ** 2 + (self.y -self.ship.y) \
** 2) ** 0.5
self.x += self.raiden_settings.barrage_speed_factor * \
(self.ship.x - self.x)/tmp
self.y += self.raiden_settings.barrage_speed_factor * \
(self.y - self.ship.y)/tmp
self.rect.x = self.x
self.rect.y = self.y
子弹类
import pygame
from pygame.sprite import Sprite
import math
from pygame import transform class Bullet(Sprite):
def __init__(self,raiden_settings,screen,ship,angle):
super().__init__()
self.screen = screen
self.image = pygame.image.load(raiden_settings.bullet_image)
self.image = pygame.transform.rotate(self.image,angle)
self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
self.rect.centerx = ship.rect.centerx
self.rect.top = ship.rect.top self.y = float(self.rect.y)
self.x = float(self.rect.x) self.angle = angle
self.speed_factor = raiden_settings.bullet_speed_factor def update(self):
self.y -=self.speed_factor * math.cos(self.angle)
self.x +=self.speed_factor * math.sin(self.angle)
self.rect.y = self.y
self.rect.x = self.x def draw_bullet(self):
pygame.draw.rect(self.screen,self.color,self.rect)
按钮类
import pygame.font
class Button():
def __init__(self,raiden_settings,screen,msg):
self.screen = screen
self.screen_rect = screen.get_rect()
self.width = raiden_settings.button_width
self.height = raiden_settings.button_height
self.button_color = raiden_settings.button_color
self.text_color = raiden_settings.button_text_color
self.font = pygame.font.SysFont(None,
raiden_settings.button_font_size)
self.rect = pygame.Rect(0,0,self.width,self.height)
self.rect.center = self.screen_rect.center
self.prep_msg(msg)
def prep_msg(self,msg):
self.msg_image = self.font.render(msg,True,self.text_color,
self.button_color)
self.msg_image_rect = self.msg_image.get_rect()
self.msg_image_rect.center = self.rect.center
def draw_button(self):
self.screen.fill(self.button_color,self.rect)
self.screen.blit(self.msg_image,self.msg_image_rect)
掉落物类
import pygame
from pygame.sprite import Sprite class DropItem(Sprite):
def __init__(self,raiden_settings,screen,enemy,ship):
super().__init__()
self.screen = screen
self.raiden_settings = raiden_settings
self.image = pygame.image.load( \
raiden_settings.dropitem_image[ship.arms_level - 1]). \
convert_alpha()
self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
self.rect.centerx = enemy.rect.centerx
self.rect.top = enemy.rect.bottom
self.y = self.rect.y
self.speed_factor = raiden_settings.dropitem_speed_factor
self.level = ship.arms_level + 1 def update(self):
self.y +=self.speed_factor
self.rect.y = self.y def draw_dropitem(self):
self.screen.blit(self.image,self.rect)
敌机类
import pygame
from pygame.sprite import Sprite
from pygame import transform
from random import randint class Enemy(Sprite): def __init__(self,raiden_settings,screen):
super().__init__()
self.screen = screen
self.raiden_settings = raiden_settings
self.enemy_type = randint(1,3) self.image = pygame.image.load(raiden_settings. \
enemy_image[self.enemy_type - 1]).convert_alpha()
self.image = transform.smoothscale(self.image,
raiden_settings.enemy_image_rect)
self.image = pygame.transform.rotate(self.image,
raiden_settings.direction_angle)
self.rect = self.image.get_rect() self.x = float(self.rect.x)
self.y = float(self.rect.y) self.barrage_type = self.enemy_type self.set_enemy_rect() def blitme(self):
self.screen.blit(self.image,self.rect) def update(self):
# ~ self.x += (self.raiden_settings.enemy_speed_factor *
# ~ self.raiden_settings.fleet_direction)
# ~ self.rect.x = self.x
if self.enemy_type == 1:
self.y += self.raiden_settings.enemy_speed_factor
if self.enemy_type == 2:
if self.x < 100 :
self.x += self.raiden_settings.enemy_speed_factor
elif self.x >self.screen.get_rect().right - 100:
self.x -= self.raiden_settings.enemy_speed_factor
if self.enemy_type == 3:
if self.x <= self.screen.get_rect().right:
self.x += self.raiden_settings.enemy_speed_factor
else:
self.x -= self.raiden_settings.enemy_speed_factor
self.y += self.raiden_settings.enemy_speed_factor self.rect.x = self.x
self.rect.y = self.y def check_edges(self):
screen_rect = self.screen.get_rect()
if self.rect.right >= screen_rect.right:
return True
elif self.rect.left <= 0:
return True def set_enemy_rect(self):
if self.enemy_type == 1:
self.x = randint(0,self.screen.get_rect().width)
self.y = 0
elif self.enemy_type == 2:
self.y = 200
if randint(1,2) == 1:
self.x = 0
else:
self.x = self.screen.get_rect().right
elif self.enemy_type == 3:
self.y = randint(0,300)
if randint(1,2) == 1:
self.x = 0
else:
self.x = self.screen.get_rect().right
self.rect.x = self.x
self.rect.y = self.y
游戏内功能函数类
import sys
import pygame from Bullet import Bullet
from Enemy import Enemy
from time import sleep
from dropitem import DropItem
from random import random
from barrage import Barrage #检查输入
def check_events(raiden_settings,screen,stats,ship,enemys,bullets,
play_button,sprites):
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
sys.exit()
elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
check_keydown_event(event,raiden_settings,screen,ship,
bullets,sprites)
elif event.type == pygame.KEYUP:
check_keyup_event(event,ship)
elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
mouse_x,mouse_y = pygame.mouse.get_pos()
check_play_button(raiden_settings,stats,screen,play_button,
mouse_x,mouse_y)
elif event.type == pygame.USEREVENT:
create_enemy(raiden_settings,screen,enemys,sprites) #更新屏幕
def update_screen(screen,stats,play_button,sprites):
if not stats.game_active:
play_button.draw_button()
else:
updates = sprites.draw(screen)
pygame.display.update(updates)
pygame.display.flip() #检查按下输入
def check_keydown_event(event,raiden_settings,screen,ship,bullets,
sprites):
if event.key == pygame.K_d:
ship.moving_right = True
elif event.key == pygame.K_a:
ship.moving_left = True
elif event.key == pygame.K_SPACE:
fire_bullet(raiden_settings,screen,ship,bullets,sprites)
elif event.key == pygame.K_w:
ship.moving_up = True
elif event.key == pygame.K_s:
ship.moving_down = True
elif event.key == pygame.K_q:
sys.exit() #检查放开输入
def check_keyup_event(event,ship):
if event.key == pygame.K_d:
ship.moving_right = False
elif event.key == pygame.K_a:
ship.moving_left = False
elif event.key == pygame.K_w:
ship.moving_up = False
elif event.key == pygame.K_s:
ship.moving_down = False #更新子弹
def update_bullets(raiden_settings,screen,stats,ship,enemys,bullets,
dropitems,scoreboard,sprites):
for bullet in bullets.copy():
if bullet.rect.bottom <=0 or bullet.rect.x <= 0 or \
bullet.rect.x >= raiden_settings.screen_width:
bullets.remove(bullet)
collisions = pygame.sprite.groupcollide(bullets,enemys,True,True)
if collisions:
enemy_hit(raiden_settings,screen,stats,ship,enemys,dropitems,
scoreboard,collisions,sprites) #敌人被击中
def enemy_hit(raiden_settings,screen,stats,ship,enemys,dropitems,
scoreboard,collisions,sprites):
for bullet,enemy_list in collisions.items():
stats.score += raiden_settings.score_up_factor
scoreboard.prep_score()
scoreboard.show_score()
if check_drop(raiden_settings):
for enemy in enemy_list:
new_dropitem = DropItem(raiden_settings,screen,enemy,
ship)
dropitems.add(new_dropitem)
sprites.add(new_dropitem) #更新掉落物
def update_dropitems(raiden_settings,screen,stats,ship,dropitems,
sprites):
for dropitem in dropitems.copy():
if dropitem.rect.bottom <= 0:
sprites.remove(dropitem)
dropitems.remove(dropitem)
collision = pygame.sprite.spritecollideany(ship,dropitems)
if collision:
sprites.remove(collision)
dropitems.remove(collision)
if collision.level == ship.arms_level + 1:
ship.update_arms() #开火
def fire_bullet(raiden_settings,screen,ship,bullets,sprites):
bullet_list = []
if ship.arms_level == raiden_settings.arms_1_level:
bullet_list.append(Bullet(raiden_settings,screen,ship,
raiden_settings.vertical_angle))
elif ship.arms_level == raiden_settings.arms_2_level:
bullet_list.append(Bullet(raiden_settings,screen,ship,
raiden_settings.left_deflectical_angle))
bullet_list.append(Bullet(raiden_settings,screen,ship,
raiden_settings.right_deflectical_angle))
elif ship.arms_level == raiden_settings.arms_3_level:
bullet_list.append(Bullet(raiden_settings,screen,ship,
raiden_settings.vertical_angle))
bullet_list.append(Bullet(raiden_settings,screen,ship,
raiden_settings.left_deflectical_angle))
bullet_list.append(Bullet(raiden_settings,screen,ship,
raiden_settings.right_deflectical_angle))
elif ship.arms_level == raiden_settings.arms_4_level:
bullet_list.append(Bullet(raiden_settings,screen,ship,
raiden_settings.vertical_angle))
bullet_list.append(Bullet(raiden_settings,screen,ship,
raiden_settings.left_deflectical_angle))
bullet_list.append(Bullet(raiden_settings,screen,ship,
raiden_settings.right_deflectical_angle))
bullet_list.append(Bullet(raiden_settings,screen,ship,
raiden_settings.left_horizontal_angle))
bullet_list.append(Bullet(raiden_settings,screen,ship,
raiden_settings.right_horizontal_angle))
for bullet in bullet_list:
bullets.add(bullet)
sprites.add(bullet) #创建敌人
def create_enemy(raiden_settings,screen,enemys,sprites):
enemy = Enemy(raiden_settings,screen)
enemys.add(enemy)
sprites.add(enemy) def update_enemys(raiden_settings,stats,lifeboard,screen,ship,enemys,
bullets,sprites):
if pygame.sprite.spritecollideany(ship,enemys):
ship_hit(raiden_settings,stats,lifeboard,screen,ship,enemys,
bullets,sprites) #玩家被击中
def ship_hit(raiden_settings,stats,lifeboard,screen,ship,enemys,
bullets,sprites):
if stats.ships_left > 0:
stats.ships_left -= 1
ship.reset_ship()
lifeboard.dead(stats,sprites)
reset_game(raiden_settings,screen,ship,enemys,bullets,sprites)
sleep(1)
else:
stats.game_active = False
pygame.mouse.set_visible(False)
stats.ship_left = raiden_settings.ship_init_life
stats.score = 0
stats.reset_stats()
ship.reset_ship()
reset_game(raiden_settings,screen,ship,enemys,bullets,sprites)
pygame.mouse.set_visible(True)
lifeboard.dead(stats,sprites) #重置游戏
def reset_game(raiden_settings,screen,ship,enemys,bullets,sprites):
for enemy in enemys:
sprites.remove(enemy)
enemys.empty()
for bullet in bullets:
sprites.remove(bullet)
bullets.empty()
sprites.clear(screen,clear_callback)
ship.center_ship() #检查玩家是否点击play按钮
def check_play_button(raiden_settings,stats,screen,play_button,
mouse_x,mouse_y):
if play_button.rect.collidepoint(mouse_x,mouse_y) and not \
stats.game_active:
stats.game_active = True
pygame.mouse.set_visible(False)
screen.fill(raiden_settings.bg_color) #是否掉落物品
def check_drop(raiden_settings):
if random() < raiden_settings.chance:
return True
else:
return False #检查掉落物是否到达屏幕底
def check_dropitem_bottom(raiden_settings,stats,screen,dropitems):
screen_rect = screen.get_rect()
for dropitem in dropitems.sprite():
if dropitem.rect.bottom >= screen_rect.bottom:
dropitems.remove(dropitem) #清除子图形
def clear_callback(surf, rect):
bg = 255,255,255
surf.fill(bg, rect)
生命值记录板类
from pygame.sprite import Sprite
from pygame.sprite import Group
from Ship import Ship
from pygame import transform class Lifeboard(Sprite): def __init__(self,raiden_settings,screen,stats,sprites):
super().__init__()
self.stats = stats
self.screen = screen
self.rect = screen.get_rect()
self.raiden_settings = raiden_settings
self.ships = Group()
self.ship_list = []
self.prep_ships() for ship in self.ships:
sprites.add(ship)
ship.image = transform.smoothscale(ship.image,
raiden_settings.lifeboard_image_rect) def prep_ships(self):
for ship_number in range(self.stats.ships_left):
ship = Ship(self.raiden_settings,self.screen)
ship.center = self.raiden_settings.lifeboard_ship_center + \
ship_number * self.raiden_settings. \
lifeboard_ship_center_growth
ship.bottom = self.raiden_settings.lifeboard_ship_bottom
self.ships.add(ship)
self.ship_list.append(ship) def dead(self,stats,sprites):
self.ships.remove(self.ship_list[-1])
sprites.remove(self.ship_list[-1])
del self.ship_list[-1]
游戏类（主程序）
import sys
import pygame from Settings import Settings
from Ship import Ship
import game_functions as gf
from pygame.sprite import Group
from Enemy import Enemy
from GameStats import GameStats
from Button import Button
from Scoreboard import Scoreboard
from Lifeboard import Lifeboard def run_game():
pygame.init()
raiden_settings = Settings()
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((raiden_settings.screen_width,
raiden_settings.screen_height)) EVENT_CREATE_ENEMY = pygame.USEREVENT
pygame.time.set_timer(EVENT_CREATE_ENEMY,300) pygame.display.set_caption("Raiden")
play_button = Button(raiden_settings,screen,"Play!")
ship = Ship(raiden_settings,screen)
bullets = Group()
enemys = Group()
dropitems = Group()
sprites = pygame.sprite.RenderUpdates()
stats = GameStats(raiden_settings)
scoreboard = Scoreboard(raiden_settings,screen,stats)
lifeboard = Lifeboard(raiden_settings,screen,stats,sprites)
screen.fill(raiden_settings.bg_color)
sprites.add(ship)
sprites.add(scoreboard) while True:
gf.check_events(raiden_settings,screen,stats,ship,enemys,
bullets,play_button,sprites)
if stats.game_active:
sprites.clear(screen,gf.clear_callback)
sprites.update()
gf.update_bullets(raiden_settings,screen,stats,ship,enemys,
bullets,dropitems,scoreboard,sprites)
gf.update_dropitems(raiden_settings,screen,stats,ship,
dropitems,sprites)
gf.update_enemys(raiden_settings,stats,lifeboard,screen,
ship,enemys,bullets,sprites)
gf.update_screen(screen,stats,play_button,sprites) run_game()
计分板类
import pygame.font
from pygame.sprite import Sprite
from pygame.sprite import Group from Ship import Ship class Scoreboard(Sprite):
def __init__(self,raiden_settings,screen,stats):
super().__init__()
self.screen = screen
self.screen_rect = screen.get_rect()
self.raiden_settings = raiden_settings
self.stats = stats self.text_color = raiden_settings.scoreboard_text_color
self.font = pygame.font.SysFont(None,
raiden_settings.scoreboard_font_size) self.prep_score() def prep_score(self):
score_str = str(self.stats.score)
self.image = self.font.render(score_str,True,
self.text_color,self.raiden_settings.bg_color) self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
self.rect.right = self.screen_rect.right
self.rect.top = 0 def show_score(self):
self.screen.blit(self.image,self.rect)
常数类
import math class Settings():
def __init__(self):
#屏幕设置
self.screen_width = 300
self.screen_height = 600
self.bg_color = (255,255,255)
#飞行速度设置
self.ship_speed_factor = 0.3
self.enemy_speed_factor = 0.3
self.fleet_drop_speed = 8
self.enemy_speed_up_factor = 0.1
self.bullet_speed_factor = 0.7
self.barrage_speed_factor = 0.7
#飞行方向设置
self.fleet_direction = 1
#生命值
self.ship_init_life = 3
#分数设置
self.score_up_factor = 10
#掉落物设置
self.dropitem_speed_factor = 0.1
#掉落指数设置
self.chance = 0.5
#武器等级设置
self.init_arms_level = 1
self.max_arms_level = 4
self.arms_1_level = 1
self.arms_2_level = 2
self.arms_3_level = 3
self.arms_4_level = 4
#角度
self.vertical_angle = 0
self.right_deflectical_angle = math.pi/6
self.left_deflectical_angle = -math.pi/6
self.left_horizontal_angle = -math.pi/2
self.right_horizontal_angle = math.pi/2
self.direction_angle = 180
self.angle_left_10 = -10
self.angle_right_10 = 10
#图片位置
self.enemy_image = [
'image/enemy1.png',
'image/enemy2.png',
'image/enemy3.png',
] self.ship_image = 'image/9.png'
self.bullet_image = 'image/bullet.png'
self.dropitem_image = [
'image/dropitem1.png',
'image/dropitem2.png',
'image/dropitem3.png',
'image/dropitem4.png',
]
self.barrage_image = [
'image\barrage1.png',
'image\barrage2.png',
'image\barrage3.png',
]
#enemy图片大小
self.enemy_image_rect = (30,30)
#lifeboard图片大小
self.lifeboard_image_rect = (30,30)
#ship图片大小
self.ship_image_rect = (50,50)
#计分板字体颜色
self.scoreboard_text_color = (30,30,30)
#计分板字体大小
self.scoreboard_font_size = 48
#计分板位置
self.lifeboard_ship_center = 25
self.lifeboard_ship_bottom = 50
self.lifeboard_ship_center_growth = 15
#button设置
self.button_text_color = (255,255,255)
self.button_color = (0,255,0)
self.button_width = 200
self.button_height = 50
self.button_font_size = 48
飞船类
import pygame
from Settings import Settings
from pygame.sprite import Sprite
from pygame import transform class Ship(Sprite): def __init__(self,raiden_settings,screen):
super().__init__()
self.screen = screen
self.raiden_settings = raiden_settings self.image = pygame.image.load(raiden_settings.ship_image). \
convert_alpha()
self.image = transform.smoothscale(self.image,
raiden_settings.ship_image_rect)
self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
self.screen_rect = screen.get_rect() self.rect.centerx = self.screen_rect.centerx
self.rect.bottom = self.screen_rect.bottom self.arms_level = raiden_settings.init_arms_level self.center = float(self.rect.centerx)
self.bottom = float(self.rect.bottom) self.moving_right = False
self.moving_left = False
self.moving_up = False
self.moving_down = False def update(self):
if self.moving_right and self.rect.right < \
self.screen_rect.right:
self.center += self.raiden_settings.ship_speed_factor
if self.moving_left and self.rect.left > 0:
self.center -= self.raiden_settings.ship_speed_factor
if self.moving_up and self.rect.top > 0:
self.bottom -=self.raiden_settings.ship_speed_factor
if self.moving_down and self.rect.bottom < \
self.screen_rect.bottom:
self.bottom +=self.raiden_settings.ship_speed_factor self.rect.centerx = self.center
self.rect.bottom = self.bottom def blitme(self):
self.screen.blit(self.image,self.rect) def center_ship(self):
self.center = self.screen_rect.centerx def update_arms(self):
if self.arms_level < self.raiden_settings.max_arms_level:
self.arms_level += 1 def reset_ship(self):
self.rect.centerx = self.screen_rect.centerx
self.rect.bottom = self.screen_rect.bottom
self.center = self.screen_rect.centerx
self.bottom = self.screen_rect.bottom
self.arms_level = self.raiden_settings.init_arms_level
游戏内部记录类
class GameStats():
def __init__(self,raiden_settings):
self.raiden_settings = raiden_settings
self.reset_stats()
self.game_active = False
self.score = 0 def reset_stats(self):
self.ships_left = self.raiden_settings.ship_init_life
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