Commons-HttpClient原来是Apache Commons项目下的一个组件，现已被HttpComponents项目下的HttpClient组件所取代；作为调用Http接口的一种选择，本文介绍下其使用方法。文中所使用到的软件版本：Java 1.8.0_191、Commons-HttpClient 3.1。

1、服务端

参见Java调用Http接口(1)--编写服务端

2、调用Http接口

2.1、GET请求

  1.     public static void get() {
  2.         try {
  3.             String requestPath = "http://localhost:8080/demo/httptest/getUser?userId=1000&userName=" + URLEncoder.encode("李白", "utf-8");
  4.             HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient();
  5.             GetMethod get = new GetMethod(requestPath);
  6.             int status = httpClient.executeMethod(get);
  7.             if (status == HttpStatus.SC_OK) {
  8.                 System.out.println("GET返回结果：" + new String(get.getResponseBody()));
  9.             } else {
  10.                 System.out.println("GET返回状态码：" + status);
  11.             }
  12.         } catch (Exception e) {
  13.             e.printStackTrace();
  14.         }
  15.     }

2.2、POST请求(发送键值对数据）

  1.     public static void post() {
  2.         try {
  3.             String requestPath = "http://localhost:8080/demo/httptest/getUser";
  4.             HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient();
  5.             PostMethod post = new PostMethod(requestPath);
  6.             post.addRequestHeader("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=utf-8");
  7.             String param = "userId=1000&userName=李白";
  8.             post.setRequestEntity(new ByteArrayRequestEntity(param.getBytes()));
  9.             int status = httpClient.executeMethod(post);
  10.             if (status == HttpStatus.SC_OK) {
  11.                 System.out.println("POST返回结果：" + new String(post.getResponseBody()));
  12.             } else {
  13.                 System.out.println("POST返回状态码：" + status);
  14.             }
  15.         } catch (Exception e) {
  16.             e.printStackTrace();
  17.         }
  18.     }

2.3、POST请求(发送JSON数据）

  1.     public static void post2() {
  2.         try {
  3.             String requestPath = "http://localhost:8080/demo/httptest/addUser";
  4.             HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient();
  5.             PostMethod post = new PostMethod(requestPath);
  6.             post.addRequestHeader("Content-type", "application/json");
  7.             String param = "{\"userId\": \"1001\",\"userName\":\"杜甫\"}";
  8.             post.setRequestEntity(new ByteArrayRequestEntity(param.getBytes()));
  9.             int status = httpClient.executeMethod(post);
  10.             if (status == HttpStatus.SC_OK) {
  11.                 System.out.println("POST json返回结果：" + new String(post.getResponseBody()));
  12.             } else {
  13.                 System.out.println("POST json返回状态码：" + status);
  14.             }
  15.         } catch (Exception e) {
  16.             e.printStackTrace();
  17.         }
  18.     }

2.4、上传文件

  1.     public static void upload() {
  2.         try {
  3.             String requestPath = "http://localhost:8080/demo/httptest/upload";
  4.             HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient();
  5.             PostMethod post = new PostMethod(requestPath);
  6.             FileInputStream fileInputStream = new FileInputStream("d:/a.jpg");
  7.             post.setRequestEntity(new InputStreamRequestEntity(fileInputStream));
  8.             int status = httpClient.executeMethod(post);
  9.             if (status == HttpStatus.SC_OK) {
  10.                 System.out.println("upload返回结果：" + new String(post.getResponseBody()));
  11.             } else {
  12.                 System.out.println("upload返回状态码：" + status);
  13.             }
  14.         } catch (Exception e) {
  15.             e.printStackTrace();
  16.         }
  17.     }

2.5、上传文件及发送键值对数据

  1.     public static void multi() {
  2.         try {
  3.             String requestPath = "http://localhost:8080/demo/httptest/multi";
  4.             HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient();
  5.             PostMethod post = new PostMethod(requestPath);
  6.  
  7.             File file = new File("d:/a.jpg");
  8.             Part[] parts = {new FilePart("file", file), new StringPart("param1", "参数1", "utf-8"), new StringPart("param2", "参数2", "utf-8")};
  9.  
  10.             post.setRequestEntity(new MultipartRequestEntity(parts, post.getParams()));
  11.             int status = httpClient.executeMethod(post);
  12.             if (status == HttpStatus.SC_OK) {
  13.                 System.out.println("multi返回结果：" + new String(post.getResponseBody()));
  14.             } else {
  15.                 System.out.println("multi返回状态码：" + status);
  16.             }
  17.         } catch (Exception e) {
  18.             e.printStackTrace();
  19.         }
  20.     }

2.6、完整例子

  1. package com.inspur.demo.http.client;
  2.  
  3. import java.io.File;
  4. import java.io.FileInputStream;
  5. import java.net.URLEncoder;
  6.  
  7. import org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpClient;
  8. import org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpStatus;
  9. import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.ByteArrayRequestEntity;
  10. import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.GetMethod;
  11. import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.InputStreamRequestEntity;
  12. import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.PostMethod;
  13. import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.multipart.FilePart;
  14. import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.multipart.MultipartRequestEntity;
  15. import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.multipart.Part;
  16. import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.multipart.StringPart;
  17.  
  18. /**
  19.  *
  20.  * 通过Commons-HttpClient调用Http接口
  21.  *
  22.  */
  23. public class CommonsHttpClientCase {
  24.     /**
  25.      *  GET请求
  26.      */
  27.     public static void get() {
  28.         try {
  29.             String requestPath = "http://localhost:8080/demo/httptest/getUser?userId=1000&userName=" + URLEncoder.encode("李白", "utf-8");
  30.             HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient();
  31.             GetMethod get = new GetMethod(requestPath);
  32.             int status = httpClient.executeMethod(get);
  33.             if (status == HttpStatus.SC_OK) {
  34.                 System.out.println("GET返回结果：" + new String(get.getResponseBody()));
  35.             } else {
  36.                 System.out.println("GET返回状态码：" + status);
  37.             }
  38.         } catch (Exception e) {
  39.             e.printStackTrace();
  40.         }
  41.     }
  42.  
  43.     /**
  44.      *  POST请求(发送键值对数据)
  45.      */
  46.     public static void post() {
  47.         try {
  48.             String requestPath = "http://localhost:8080/demo/httptest/getUser";
  49.             HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient();
  50.             PostMethod post = new PostMethod(requestPath);
  51.             post.addRequestHeader("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=utf-8");
  52.             String param = "userId=1000&userName=李白";
  53.             post.setRequestEntity(new ByteArrayRequestEntity(param.getBytes()));
  54.             int status = httpClient.executeMethod(post);
  55.             if (status == HttpStatus.SC_OK) {
  56.                 System.out.println("POST返回结果：" + new String(post.getResponseBody()));
  57.             } else {
  58.                 System.out.println("POST返回状态码：" + status);
  59.             }
  60.         } catch (Exception e) {
  61.             e.printStackTrace();
  62.         }
  63.     }
  64.  
  65.     /**
  66.      *  POST请求(发送json数据)
  67.      */
  68.     public static void post2() {
  69.         try {
  70.             String requestPath = "http://localhost:8080/demo/httptest/addUser";
  71.             HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient();
  72.             PostMethod post = new PostMethod(requestPath);
  73.             post.addRequestHeader("Content-type", "application/json");
  74.             String param = "{\"userId\": \"1001\",\"userName\":\"杜甫\"}";
  75.             post.setRequestEntity(new ByteArrayRequestEntity(param.getBytes()));
  76.             int status = httpClient.executeMethod(post);
  77.             if (status == HttpStatus.SC_OK) {
  78.                 System.out.println("POST json返回结果：" + new String(post.getResponseBody()));
  79.             } else {
  80.                 System.out.println("POST json返回状态码：" + status);
  81.             }
  82.         } catch (Exception e) {
  83.             e.printStackTrace();
  84.         }
  85.     }
  86.  
  87.     /**
  88.      * 上传文件
  89.      */
  90.     public static void upload() {
  91.         try {
  92.             String requestPath = "http://localhost:8080/demo/httptest/upload";
  93.             HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient();
  94.             PostMethod post = new PostMethod(requestPath);
  95.             FileInputStream fileInputStream = new FileInputStream("d:/a.jpg");
  96.             post.setRequestEntity(new InputStreamRequestEntity(fileInputStream));
  97.             int status = httpClient.executeMethod(post);
  98.             if (status == HttpStatus.SC_OK) {
  99.                 System.out.println("upload返回结果：" + new String(post.getResponseBody()));
  100.             } else {
  101.                 System.out.println("upload返回状态码：" + status);
  102.             }
  103.         } catch (Exception e) {
  104.             e.printStackTrace();
  105.         }
  106.     }
  107.  
  108.     /**
  109.      * 上传文件及发送键值对数据
  110.      */
  111.     public static void multi() {
  112.         try {
  113.             String requestPath = "http://localhost:8080/demo/httptest/multi";
  114.             HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient();
  115.             PostMethod post = new PostMethod(requestPath);
  116.  
  117.             File file = new File("d:/a.jpg");
  118.             Part[] parts = {new FilePart("file", file), new StringPart("param1", "参数1", "utf-8"), new StringPart("param2", "参数2", "utf-8")};
  119.  
  120.             post.setRequestEntity(new MultipartRequestEntity(parts, post.getParams()));
  121.             int status = httpClient.executeMethod(post);
  122.             if (status == HttpStatus.SC_OK) {
  123.                 System.out.println("multi返回结果：" + new String(post.getResponseBody()));
  124.             } else {
  125.                 System.out.println("multi返回状态码：" + status);
  126.             }
  127.         } catch (Exception e) {
  128.             e.printStackTrace();
  129.         }
  130.     }
  131.  
  132.     public static void main(String[] args) {
  133.         get();
  134.         post();
  135.         post2();
  136.         upload();
  137.         multi();
  138.     }
  139.  
  140. }

3、调用Https接口

与调用Http接口不一样的部分主要在设置ssl部分，设置方法是自己实现ProtocolSocketFactory接口；其ssl的设置与HttpsURLConnection很相似(参见Java调用Http/Https接口(2)--HttpURLConnection/HttpsURLConnection调用Http/Https接口)；下面用GET请求来演示ssl的设置，其他调用方式类似。

  1. package com.inspur.demo.http.client;
  2.  
  3. import java.io.File;
  4. import java.io.FileInputStream;
  5. import java.io.IOException;
  6. import java.net.InetAddress;
  7. import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
  8. import java.net.Socket;
  9. import java.net.SocketAddress;
  10. import java.net.UnknownHostException;
  11. import java.security.KeyStore;
  12. import java.security.cert.CertificateException;
  13. import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
  14.  
  15. import javax.net.ssl.KeyManager;
  16. import javax.net.ssl.KeyManagerFactory;
  17. import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
  18. import javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory;
  19. import javax.net.ssl.TrustManager;
  20. import javax.net.ssl.TrustManagerFactory;
  21. import javax.net.ssl.X509TrustManager;
  22.  
  23. import org.apache.commons.httpclient.ConnectTimeoutException;
  24. import org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpClient;
  25. import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.GetMethod;
  26. import org.apache.commons.httpclient.params.HttpConnectionParams;
  27. import org.apache.commons.httpclient.protocol.Protocol;
  28. import org.apache.commons.httpclient.protocol.ProtocolSocketFactory;
  29.  
  30. import com.inspur.demo.common.util.FileUtil;
  31.  
  32. /**
  33.  *
  34.  * 通过Commons-HttpClient调用Https接口
  35.  *
  36.  */
  37. public class CommonsHttpClientHttpsCase {
  38.  
  39.     public static void main(String[] args) {
  40.         try {
  41.             HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient();
  42.             /*
  43.              * 请求有权威证书的地址
  44.              */
  45.             String requestPath = "https://www.baidu.com/";
  46.             GetMethod get = new GetMethod(requestPath);
  47.             httpClient.executeMethod(get);
  48.             System.out.println("GET1返回结果：" + new String(get.getResponseBody()));
  49.  
  50.             /*
  51.              * 请求自定义证书的地址
  52.              */
  53.             //获取信任证书库
  54.             KeyStore trustStore = getkeyStore("jks", "d:/temp/cacerts", "123456");
  55.  
  56.             //不需要客户端证书
  57.             requestPath = "https://10.40.103.48:9010/zsywservice";
  58.             Protocol.registerProtocol("https", new Protocol("https", new HttpsProtocolSocketFactory(trustStore), 443));
  59.             get = new GetMethod(requestPath);
  60.             httpClient.executeMethod(get);
  61.             System.out.println("GET2返回结果：" + new String(get.getResponseBody()));
  62.  
  63.             //需要客户端证书
  64.             requestPath = "https://10.40.103.48:9016/zsywservice";
  65.             KeyStore keyStore = getkeyStore("pkcs12", "d:/client.p12", "123456");
  66.             Protocol.registerProtocol("https", new Protocol("https", new HttpsProtocolSocketFactory(keyStore, "123456", trustStore), 443));
  67.             get = new GetMethod(requestPath);
  68.             httpClient.executeMethod(get);
  69.             System.out.println("GET3返回结果：" + new String(get.getResponseBody()));
  70.         } catch (Exception e) {
  71.             e.printStackTrace();
  72.         }
  73.     }
  74.  
  75.     /**
  76.      * 获取证书
  77.      * @return
  78.      */
  79.     private static KeyStore getkeyStore(String type, String filePath, String password) {
  80.         KeyStore keySotre = null;
  81.         FileInputStream in = null;
  82.         try {
  83.             keySotre = KeyStore.getInstance(type);
  84.             in = new FileInputStream(new File(filePath));
  85.             keySotre.load(in, password.toCharArray());
  86.         } catch (Exception e) {
  87.             e.printStackTrace();
  88.         } finally {
  89.             FileUtil.close(in);
  90.         }
  91.         return keySotre;
  92.     }
  93. }
  94.  
  95. final class HttpsProtocolSocketFactory implements ProtocolSocketFactory {
  96.     private KeyStore keyStore;
  97.     private String keyStorePassword;
  98.     private KeyStore trustStore;
  99.     private SSLSocketFactory sslSocketFactory = null;
  100.  
  101.     public HttpsProtocolSocketFactory(KeyStore keyStore, String keyStorePassword, KeyStore trustStore) {
  102.         this.keyStore = keyStore;
  103.         this.keyStorePassword = keyStorePassword;
  104.         this.trustStore = trustStore;
  105.     }
  106.  
  107.     public HttpsProtocolSocketFactory(KeyStore trustStore) {
  108.         this.trustStore = trustStore;
  109.     }
  110.  
  111.     private SSLSocketFactory getSSLSocketFactory() {
  112.         if (sslSocketFactory != null) {
  113.             return sslSocketFactory;
  114.         }
  115.         try {
  116.             KeyManager[] keyManagers = null;
  117.             TrustManager[] trustManagers = null;
  118.             if (keyStore != null) {
  119.                 KeyManagerFactory keyManagerFactory = KeyManagerFactory.getInstance("SunX509");
  120.                 keyManagerFactory.init(keyStore, keyStorePassword.toCharArray());
  121.                 keyManagers = keyManagerFactory.getKeyManagers();
  122.             }
  123.             if (trustStore != null) {
  124.                 TrustManagerFactory trustManagerFactory = TrustManagerFactory.getInstance("SunX509");
  125.                 trustManagerFactory.init(trustStore);
  126.                 trustManagers = trustManagerFactory.getTrustManagers();
  127.             } else {
  128.                 trustManagers = new TrustManager[] { new DefaultTrustManager() };
  129.             }
  130.  
  131.             SSLContext context = SSLContext.getInstance("TLSv1.2");
  132.             context.init(keyManagers, trustManagers, null);
  133.             sslSocketFactory = context.getSocketFactory();
  134.             return sslSocketFactory;
  135.         } catch (Exception e) {
  136.             e.printStackTrace();
  137.         }
  138.         return null;
  139.     }
  140.  
  141.     @Override
  142.     public Socket createSocket(String host, int port, InetAddress localAddress, int localPort)
  143.             throws IOException, UnknownHostException {
  144.         return getSSLSocketFactory().createSocket(host, port, localAddress, localPort);
  145.     }
  146.  
  147.     @Override
  148.     public Socket createSocket(String host, int port, InetAddress localAddress, int localPort,
  149.             HttpConnectionParams params) throws IOException, UnknownHostException, ConnectTimeoutException {
  150.         if (params == null) {
  151.             throw new IllegalArgumentException("Parameters may not be null");
  152.         }
  153.         int timeout = params.getConnectionTimeout();
  154.         if (timeout == 0) {
  155.             return getSSLSocketFactory().createSocket(host, port, localAddress, localPort);
  156.         } else {
  157.             Socket socket = getSSLSocketFactory().createSocket();
  158.             SocketAddress localAddr = new InetSocketAddress(localAddress, localPort);
  159.             SocketAddress remoteAddr = new InetSocketAddress(host, port);
  160.             socket.bind(localAddr);
  161.             socket.connect(remoteAddr, timeout);
  162.             return socket;
  163.         }
  164.     }
  165.  
  166.     @Override
  167.     public Socket createSocket(String host, int port) throws IOException, UnknownHostException {
  168.         return getSSLSocketFactory().createSocket(host, port);
  169.     }
  170.  
  171. }
  172.  
  173. final class DefaultTrustManager implements X509TrustManager {
  174.     @Override
  175.     public void checkClientTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) throws CertificateException {
  176.     }
  177.  
  178.     @Override
  179.     public void checkServerTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) throws CertificateException {
  180.     }
  181.  
  182.     @Override
  183.     public X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() {
  184.         return null;
  185.     }
  186. }

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