【237】◀▶IEW-Unit02

Unit 2 Sport

I.状语从句在雅思写作中的运用

公式：

主句+状语从句连接词+从句

=状语从句连接词+从句，主句

1. 时间状语从句

I. when, while, as

1. When+A句,B句

=B句+when+A句

当A句…的时候，B句…

当手机发明的时候，没有人意识到它的危害性。

When mobiles were invented, no one realized their hazard.

=No one realized their hazard when mobiles were invented.

2. as+A句,B句=B句+as+A句

【随着A句…,B句…】

随着越来越多的小孩接触互联网，父母开始担心互联网对他们孩子的影响。

As an increasing number of children are having access to the Internet, parents start to concern the influence which the Internet poses on their children.

3. while+A句,B句=B句+while+A句

【尽管A句…,B句…】

Some people think…while others argue…

Animals make huge contribution to the medical breakthrough while they violate animals’ basic rights.

II. Before, after

• Before+A句,B句=B句+before+A句/时间词

【在A句…之前，B句…】

在广告发明之前，人们获得产品信息的方式主要通过与其他人之间的交流。

Before advertising was introduced, the major channel by which people get informed of product information had been to communicate with other consumers.

这个数据在下降到1990年的20%之前，它先上升到1980年的80%

Before the figure jumped to 20% in 1990, it increased to 80% in 1980.

=The figure increased to 80% in 1980 before it jumped to 20% in 1990.

=The figure increased to 80% in 1980 before jumping to 20% in 1990.

主从句主语一致时，状语从句可以与分词之间进行互换

主句+状语从句连接词+代词+谓语/be+过去分词

=主句+状语从句连接词+现在分词/过去分词

If old people are sent to nursing homes, they can get better care.

=If sent to nursing homes, old people can get better care.

• after+A句，B句=B句+after+A句/时间词

【在A句..之后，B句…】

After advertising was introduced, the major channel by which people get informed of product information has become more various.

III.Since, until

3）A句+since+B句/时间短语

【自从B句…,A句就…】

People’s lives have undergone dramatic change since mobiles were invented.

People’s lives have undergone dramatic change since they have used mobiles.

7)A句+until+B句/时间短语

A句…直到B句…

The little boy kept crying until he saw his mother.

= The little boy did not smile until he saw his mother.

=Not until he saw his mother did the little boy smile.

主+助动词/情态动词+not+谓语原形+until+B句

=【倒装】Not until+B句+助动词/情态动词+主+谓语原形

Humans did not realize the importance of environmental conservation until the planet was destroyed.

= Not until the planet was destroyed did humans realize the importance of environmental conservation.

2.地点状语从句Where:

A句+where+B句

在B句…地方A句…

在安装了摄像机的地方同样也发生了一些谋杀案。

Some murder cases also occur where cameras are installed.

在环境污染严重的地方，许多珍稀物种处于灭绝的边缘。

Many rare animals are on the verge of extinction where environmental pollution is serious.

3.条件状语从句If+A句，B句

1）真实条件句

如果过分沉迷于打游戏机，肯定会与家人和朋友缺乏足够的感情交流。

If someone overindulges in playing computer games, he is sure to lack emotional contact with his family members and friends.

如果要在两种观点之间选择，我会毫不犹豫选择前者。

If I am asked to make a choice between the two views, I will not hesitate to choose the former one.

2）虚拟

*现在的虚拟：A句:were/did, B句：would do

If I were you, I would choose to work in a small town.

*过去：A句：had done, B句： would have done

If he had got up earlier, he would have caught up the bus.

*将来：A句:were to do/did, B句：would do

If things were to be twice，all would be wise.

假如凡事都可以重新做一次，人人皆可成为聪明人。（事实是并不是所有的事都可以重新做一次)

4. 原因状语从句

because

since

As

由于学生处于成型期，他们有时不能辨明是非。

Since students are in their formative years, sometimes they cannot distinguish right from wrong.

动物被广泛用于医学实验，因为科学家可以通过在它们身上做实验来找出某些疾病的原因并研制出治疗方法。

Animals are widely used in medical research because scientists can conduct experiments on them to find out the causes of some diseases and their treatment.

由于人们对这热点话题持有许多不同观点，一场激烈的争论在所难免。

A fierce argument was inevitable because people held some many different views on this hot topic.

5.目的状语从句

A句+in order that+B句

A句+so that+B句

【A句…是为了B句…】

现在，为了提高产量，农民使用各种不同类型的杀虫剂和肥料。

Nowadays farmers are using a variety of pesticides and fertilizers so that they can grow bigger harvests.

为了身体健康，我们应该避免吃含有高脂肪高热量的食物。

We should avoid eating food with high fat and high calories so that we can stay healthy.

应当制定更严厉的法律法规来降低青少年犯罪率。

More strict laws and regulations should constituted so that the rate of juvenile delinquency will be lowered.

6.结果状语从句

So that

So…that

Such that

Such…that

1）so that & so…that

I got up early so that I caught up the early bus.

I got up so early that I caught up the early bus.

2）so…that & such…that

she was so foolish that she trusted his words.

=She was such a fool that she trusted his words.

3）such that=so+adj+that

The environmental issue is so big that it needs global cooperation.

=The environmental issue is such that it needs global cooperation.

教育费用快速增长，不少大学生通过兼职来减轻父母的经济负担。

The cost of education is rising so rapidly that college students have to take a part-time job to relieve their parents' financial burden.

社会竞争太激烈了，以至于许多人患有失眠症和抑郁症。

The social competition is so fierce that many people suffer from insomnia and depression.

7. 方式状语从句

1) As

入乡随俗

When you in Rome, do as Romans do.

2) As if=as though

She treats him as if he was her son.

Humans abuse natural resources as if/though they were endless.

8. 让步状语从句

although/though

尽管互联网技术被广泛用于教学，但是传统教学的作用是不可取代的。

Although the Internet technology is widely used in classroom teaching, the role of traditional teaching cannot be replaced.

虽然科学技术的进步给我们带来了很多好处，但是也在某种程度上对人类生活带来了负面影响。

Though the development of technology has brought us many benefits, it also exerts negative effects on human life to some extent.

尽管做兼职的学生可以减轻父母的经济负担，但是过早接触社会又令他们的父母担心。

Though students who have part-time jobs may help release their parents' financial burden, their stepping into the society too early adds greatly to the worries of their parents.

1．题目及model1讲解

Some people say that playing a team sport, such as soccer or basketball is very popular because it has many benefits. What are the advantages of playing a team sport?

Model 1

Playing team sport is popular all over the world, and participation in sporting activities, for example, soccer or basketball, has many benefits. Firstly, sport promotes the development of the body and muscles and helps to keep the players fit. Secondly, this increase in physical fitness enables players to avoid obesity and health problems, such as heart disease and high blood pressure. In addition, sports people develop useful group skills, such as teamwork, and strategies. These skills can help them in their later lives and also in their jobs. Finally, people often play sport for social reasons, as it is a good way of making new friends and enjoying activities together.

2． 题目及model2讲解

Some companies organise friendly business-house sports competitions on a regular basis for their workers, because they believe that playing a team sport has many benefits for both companies and individuals What are the advantages of companies holding sports competitions?

Model 2

Friendly business house sports competitions are popular with workers who spend many hours at work each day. Participation in these weekly competitions has many benefits. Firstly, it helps to decrease the stress from working all day. Secondly, participants can increase their overall fitness and control their weight. In addition, weekly exercise enables workers to avoid health problems such as heart disease, diabetes and high blood pressure. Finally, playing a team sport together in a friendly competition enables the development of teamwork and friendships that can help people in their work as well as when they are playing together.

1.练习

Writing Practice

Topic:

Some people say that playing a team sport, such as soccer or basketball, should be compulsory for students because it has many benefits. What are the benefits of team sport for high school students?

2.Model 1及Model 2好词、好句汇总

Model 1

Playing team sport is popular all over the world, and participation in sporting activities, for example, soccer or basketball, has many benefits. Firstly, sport promotes the development of the body and muscles and helps to keep the players fit. Secondly, this increase in physical fitness enables players to avoid obesity and health problems, such as heart disease and high blood pressure. In addition, sports people develop useful group skills, such as teamwork, and strategies. These skills can help them in their later lives and also in their jobs. Finally, people often play sport for social reasons, as it is a good way of making new friends and enjoying activities together.

Model 2

Friendly business house sports competitions are popular with workers who spend many hours at work each day. Participation in these weekly competitions has many benefits. Firstly, it helps to decrease the stress from working all day. Secondly, participants can increase their overall fitness and control their weight. In addition, weekly exercise enables workers to avoid health problems such as heart disease, diabetes and high blood pressure. Finally, playing a team sport together in a friendly competition enables the development of teamwork and friendships that can help people in their work as well as when they are playing together.

3.课后练习讲解

1）练习1

Essential Grammar

-Word forms: countable and non-countable nouns

Find the words below in Model 1. Then, identify all the words in the list that are used as nouns in Model 1.

enable strategies activity disease

participation develop increase obesity

heart disease promote muscle avoid

fit skill social blood pressure

teamwork benefit health problems

练习2 Classify the nouns in the list according to whether they are countable or uncountable.

Countable Nouns	Uncountable nouns
e.g. activity (ies)

2)练习3

-Use of plurals & articles

The indefinite article 'a' is not used with uncountable nouns, Also, uncountable nouns cannot be made plural.

Examples:

A good reason (countable) for playing sport is the ability to control your weight.

Participation (uncountable) in sporting activities on a regular basis is beneficial for students.

Note that there are a number of nouns which can be used as both countable and uncountable.

Examples:

sport: Sport is a universal leisure activity.

Jane excels at a number of sports, but her favourite is badminton.

练习4：Look at the sentences below. In each case, decide whether the indefinite article should be used.

a. (A / -) participation in the company volleyball competition will be rewarded with an extra annual

leave day.

b. Basic fitness includes such things as muscle control and (a / -) balance.

c. A lot of companies encourage the development of (a / -) teamwork by supporting friendly sporting competitions.

d. When you join this company, they ask you to choose (a / -) sport for the weekly competition – either volleyball or indoor soccer.

e. (A / -) promoting team sports is a good idea for companies.

f. Playing sports such as badminton and tennis is a good way of improving (a / -) fitness.

g. Strategic thinking is an example of (a / -) skill which is improved by playing team sports.

h. (A / -) development of fitness is (a / -) result of playing team sports.

3)练习5

10 Choose the correct option in the brackets to complete the sentences below. Check countable and uncountable nouns and the use of plurals carefully. a. Soccer is a popular sport for a variety of (reason/reasons). b. Firstly, (player/players) need to use their (muscle/muscles) and develop their (fitness/fitnesses) to play soccer. c. Developing a good level of fitness helps to avoid health (problem/problems) and (disease/diseases) such as high blood (pressure/pressures) and obesity. d. In addition, soccer helps in the development of (skill/skills), such as team (work/works), and (strategy/strategies). e. Soccer is also fun for the (spectators/spectator) as it is an exciting (sport/sports) which involves fast action. f. The (player/players) can become very famous, and some of them can make a lot of (money/monies). g. Finally, soccer is an important international (sport/sports) and there are many (competition/competitions) throughout the world.