某控股公司OA系统ORACLE DG搭建

*此处安装ORACLE DATAGUARD是利用ORACLE RMAN DUPLICATE方式安装。
*可以搭建好ORACLE DG再来impdp生产数据，也可以先导入主库数据再来做DG
*注意看下面的配置文件，此处LISTENER TNSNAMES里的SID_NAME我都是用的db_name的ora，没有测试其它的
*TNSNAMES的起名orcl_pd orcl_sd我都用用和db_unique_name一样的

*版本CENTOS6.5  ORACLE11.2.0.4

1、两台服务器上分别安装数据库软件，只安装软件不安装实例，为了减少复杂度，所有目录都一样
安装请参考其他文档
2、在主库上安装数据库实例ORA
DBCA安装
修改日志文件大小
内存分配好
3、在主库上创建与旧库一样的用户名表空间

create tablespace ekp
datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora/ora01.dbf'
size 10240M
autoextend on
next 512M
extent management local;

create temporary tablespace ora_temp
tempfile'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora/ora_temp.dbf'
size 10240m
autoextend on
next 512m
extent management local;

create user ora identified by abcABC123 default tablespace ekp temporary tablespace ora_temp;
grant connect,resource,dba to ora;

4、停止应用，到旧库上导出用户数据

expdp ora/abcABC123 DIRECTORY=oa_databackup dumpfile=oadb1010.dmp logfile=oadbf111.log schemas=ora compression=all

5、把备份文件拷贝到主库上，创建directory，然后导入数据IMPDP

mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/bakdump
create or replace directory oa_databackup as '/u01/app/oracle/bakdump';

6、主库参数修改
1）开启归档

shutdown immediate;
startup mount;
alter database archivelog;
archive log list;
alter database open;

2)强制写日志

alter database force logging;

3)增加备库日志

ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE GROUP  ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora/redo04.log') size 50M;
ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE GROUP  ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora/redo05.log') size 50M;
ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE GROUP  ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora/redo06.log') size 50M;
ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE GROUP  ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora/redo07.log') size 50M;

4）监听

--主库

SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = ora)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2./dbhome_1)
(SID_NAME = ora)
)
)

LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.13.3.28)(PORT = ))
)

ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app/oracle

--从库

SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = ora)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2./dbhome_1)
(SID_NAME = ora)
)
)

LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.13.3.29)(PORT = ))
)

ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app/oracle

5）tnsname

--主库从库一样

orcl_pd =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.13.3.28)(PORT = ))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = ora)
)
)

orcl_sd =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.13.3.29)(PORT = ))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = ora)
)
)

6）参数文件

主库参数

ora.__db_cache_size=
ora.__java_pool_size=
ora.__large_pool_size=
ora.__oracle_base='/u01/app/oracle'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment
ora.__pga_aggregate_target=
ora.__sga_target=
ora.__shared_io_pool_size=
ora.__shared_pool_size=
ora.__streams_pool_size=
*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/ora/adump'
*.audit_trail='db'
*.compatible='11.2.0.4.0'
*.control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora/control01.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ora/control02.ctl'
*.db_block_size=
*.db_domain=''
*.db_name='ora'
*.db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=
*.diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle'
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=oraXDB)'
*.open_cursors=
*.pga_aggregate_target=
*.processes=
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.sessions=
*.sga_target=
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'

DB_UNIQUE_NAME=orcl_pd
LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG='DG_CONFIG=(orcl_pd,orcl_sd)'
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='LOCATION=/u01/app/oracle/arch VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=orcl_pd'
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2='SERVICE=orcl_sd ASYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=orcl_sd'
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_1=ENABLE
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2=ENABLE
REMOTE_LOGIN_PASSWORDFILE=EXCLUSIVE
LOG_ARCHIVE_FORMAT=%t_%s_%r.arc
FAL_SERVER=orcl_sd
STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT=AUTO 

从库参数

ora.__db_cache_size=
ora.__java_pool_size=
ora.__large_pool_size=
ora.__oracle_base='/u01/app/oracle'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment
ora.__pga_aggregate_target=
ora.__sga_target=
ora.__shared_io_pool_size=
ora.__shared_pool_size=
ora.__streams_pool_size=
*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/ora/adump'
*.audit_trail='db'
*.compatible='11.2.0.4.0'
*.control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora/control01.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ora/control02.ctl'
*.db_block_size=
*.db_domain=''
*.db_name='ora'
*.db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=
*.diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle'
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=oraXDB)'
*.open_cursors=
*.pga_aggregate_target=
*.processes=
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.sessions=
*.sga_target=
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'

DB_UNIQUE_NAME=orcl_sd
LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG='DG_CONFIG=(orcl_pd,orcl_sd)'
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='LOCATION=/u01/app/oracle/arch VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=orcl_sd'
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2='SERVICE=orcl_pd ASYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=orcl_pd'
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_1=ENABLE
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2=ENABLE
REMOTE_LOGIN_PASSWORDFILE=EXCLUSIVE
LOG_ARCHIVE_FORMAT=%t_%s_%r.arc
FAL_SERVER=orcl_pd
STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT=AUTO

7) impdp 旧数据

impdp ora/abcABC123 DIRECTORY=oa_databackup DUMPFILE=oadb1010.dmp SCHEMAS=ora

7、 备库操作

从主课拷贝密码文件initoracle_sid listener.ora tnsname.ora 到从库对应位置，注意修改相对应的内容，如initora.ora修改上面从库增加的内容，listener.ora修改IP。其它一样
并在从库新建相关目录：

cd /u01/app/oracle
mkdir archivelog
mkdir -p oradata/ora
mkdir -p fast_recovery_area/ora
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/admin/ora/adump
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/bakdump
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/admin/ora/adump

注意修改etc/hosts

8、备库duplicate
备库利用拷贝过来的参数文件启动到nomount

sqlplus / as sysdba
startup nomount pfile='/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/initora.ora'

另开窗口rman duplicate复制

rman target sys/oracleadmin@orcl_pd auxiliary sys/oracleadmin@orcl_sd nocatalog
duplicate target database for standby nofilenamecheck from active database;

9、打开备库数据库并开启主从复制

sqlplus / as sysdba
alter database open;
alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;

10、检查状态

正常情况下主库OPEN_MODE 是WIRITE READ 从库是READ ONLY WITH APPLY

SELECT OPEN_MODE,DATABASE_ROLE,DB_UNIQUE_NAME,SWITCHOVER_STATUS FROM V$DATABASE;

主备库查询下面语句，看看日志是否一致

SELECT MAX(SEQUENCE#) FROM V$ARCHIVED_LOG;

不一致时，主库切换一下日志在查看

ALTER SYSTEM SWITCH LOGFILE;

11、角色切换SWITCHOVER

)主库上
select switchover_status from v$database;
如果状态为SESSION ACTIVE则执行下面
alter database commit to switchover to physical standby with session shutdown;
如果状态为TO_STANDBY则执行下面
alter database commit to switchover to physical standby
（如果切换失败后要重启一下库）
否则要切换一下日志看看alter system switch logfile;
)备库上
select switchover_status from v$database
switchover_status 为NOT ALLOWED
alter database commit to switchover to primary;
)原来主库上
shutdown immediate
startup
alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;
（上面是开启日志传输，这个是关闭alter database recover managed standby database cancel;）
)原来备库上
shutdown immediate
startup

12、failover灾难切换

假设物理主库宕机，无法启动，紧急启用备库
直接在备库上操作，将备库转换为主库角色
备库上执行下面四条命令即可

SQL > alter database recover managed standby database finish;
SQL > alter database commit to switchover to primary;
SQL > shutdown immediate;
SQL > startup;