移动端1px问题处理方法

在做移动端开发时，设计师提供的视觉稿一般是750px，当你定义 border-width:1px 时，在iphone6手机上却发现：边框变粗了。。

这是因为，1px是相对于750px的（物理像素），而我们定义的1px是相对于375px的（css像素）“实际上应该是border-width:0.5px”。

解决方法：

1、border-image 图片 实现

在使用 border-image 时，将border设计为物理1px，如下：

.border-image-1px {
    border-width: 1px 0px;
    -webkit-border-image: url("border.png") 2 0 stretch;
    border-image: url("border.png") 2 0 stretch;
}

也可以直接使用 base64 ：

.border-image-1px {
    border-width: 1px 0px;
    -webkit-border-image: url("data:image/png;base64,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") 2 0 stretch;
}

2、使用background-image实现

background-image 跟 border-image 的方法一样，根据我们定义的图片将边框模拟在背景上。

.background-image-1px {
    background: url(../img/line.png) repeat-x left bottom;
    -webkit-background-size: 100% 1px;
    background-size: 100% 1px;
}

3、多背景渐变实现

将上述方法中的图片替换为 css3 渐变。设置1px的渐变背景，50%有颜色，50%透明。

.background-gradient-1px {
  background:
    linear-gradient(180deg, black, black 50%, transparent 50%) top left / 100% 1px no-repeat,
    linear-gradient(90deg, black, black 50%, transparent 50%) top right / 1px 100% no-repeat,
    linear-gradient(0, black, black 50%, transparent 50%) bottom right / 100% 1px no-repeat,
    linear-gradient(-90deg, black, black 50%, transparent 50%) bottom left / 1px 100% no-repeat;
}
/* 或者 */
.background-gradient-1px{
    background: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, color-stop(.5, transparent), color-stop(.5, #c8c7cc), to(#c8c7cc)) left bottom repeat-x;
    background-size: 100% 1px;
}

4、使用box-shadow模拟边框

利用css 对阴影处理的方式实现0.5px的效果：

.box-shadow-1px {
    box-shadow: inset 0px -1px 1px -1px #c8c7cc;
}

5、viewport+rem实现

该方法是使用 viewport+rem+js 来实现的，可以直接设置1px就行了，而且圆角什么的都没问题。

<span style="font-size:18px;"><html>
    <head>
        <title>1px question</title>
        <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=UTF-8">
        <meta name="viewport" id="WebViewport" content="initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, user-scalable=no">
        <style>
            html {
                font-size: 1px;
            }
            * {
                padding: 0;
                margin: 0;
            }  

            .bds_b {
                border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc;
            }  

            .a,
            .b {
                margin-top: 1rem;
                padding: 1rem;
                font-size: 1.4rem;
            }  

            .a {
                width: 30rem;
            }  

            .b {
                background: #f5f5f5;
                width: 20rem;
            }
        </style>
        <script>  

            var viewport = document.querySelector("meta[name=viewport]");
            //下面是根据设备像素设置viewport
            if (window.devicePixelRatio == 1) {
                viewport.setAttribute('content', 'width=device-width,initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, user-scalable=no');
            }
            if (window.devicePixelRatio == 2) {
                viewport.setAttribute('content', 'width=device-width,initial-scale=0.5, maximum-scale=0.5, minimum-scale=0.5, user-scalable=no');
            }
            if (window.devicePixelRatio == 3) {
                viewport.setAttribute('content', 'width=device-width,initial-scale=0.3333333333333333, maximum-scale=0.3333333333333333, minimum-scale=0.3333333333333333, user-scalable=no');
            }
            var docEl = document.documentElement;
            var fontsize = 10 * (docEl.clientWidth / 320) + 'px';
            docEl.style.fontSize = fontsize;  

        </script>
    </head>
    <body>
        <div class="bds_b a">下面的底边宽度是虚拟1像素的</div>
        <div class="b">上面的边框宽度是虚拟1像素的</div>
    </body>
</html></span>

6、伪类 + transform 实现

我们可以通过缩放来实现上面的效果：

@mixin bd-all-1px($bStyle, $color, $radius) {
	position: relative;
	&:after {
		content: '';
		position: absolute;
		top: 0;
		left: 0;
		width: 200%;
		height: 200%;
		box-sizing: border-box;
		transform: scale(0.5);
		transform-origin: left top;
		border: 1px $bStyle $color;
		border-radius: $radius;
	}
}　

这种方法还可以实现圆角，transform: scale(0.5);中的0.5是这样计算来的，一般设计师提供的都是二倍图，以iphone6为例，其屏幕宽度 375，设计稿是750 ，375/750=0.5；如果是三倍图，就应该是scale(0.333333)了。

参考资料：

1、https://github.com/AlloyTeam/Mars/blob/master/solutions/border-1px.md

2、https://juejin.im/entry/584e427361ff4b006cd22c7c