Python学习day02 - 编程分类和Pycharm和Jupyter的安装
编程语言分类
- 编程语言是用来和计算机交互的,计算机只认识0和1
机器语言(低级语言)
直接和硬件交互
用0和1和计算机沟通
优点:执行效率最高
缺点:开发效率低
汇编语言直接和硬件交互
优点(相较于机器语言):开发效率略高
缺点(相较于机器语言):执行效率略低
高级语言
接近于人类语言
编译型(一次性丢入谷歌翻译)
C/JAVA/GO
和计算机硬件间接交互
记录下来,全部说完然后翻译,文件编译成另一个obj文件,再和计算机沟通得到结果
优点(相较于解释型语言):执行效率高
缺点(相较于解释型语言):开发效率低
xxxxxxxxxx
#include <stdio.h>
int main ()
{
printf ("hello world!\n")
}
把代码翻译成机器语言,通过编译器(汇编语言/机器语言写的)
解释型(同声翻译)
python无所不能
说一句翻译一句,python即是如此
优点(相较于编译型语言):开发效率高
缺点(相较于编译型语言):执行效率低
xxxxxxxxxx
print('hello world')
翻译成机器语言,一般是通过解释器(编译型语言写的)
我们写程序,程序运行越快越好,应该用编译
网络瓶颈效应
应用程序大多都需要联网
网络延迟10ms,编译型程序比解释型程序大概快1ms左右
硬件性能,
编程语言优缺点(个人观点,勿喷)
- C:和硬件交互(工厂造物)
- C++:面向对象的C(上帝造人)
- JAVA:跨平台非常好
- PHP:世界上最好的语言,只能做后端
- Python:无所不能(Python比喻成一部手机,一个库一个应用程序)
- GO:高并发(同一时刻多人一起使用),支持高并发,编译型。
- js:史上语法最烂的语言(兼顾太多反而顾头不顾尾)
- app:最早是网页源码打包生成的apk
推荐书籍《美丽新世界》
Pycharm的常用指令
- ctrl + a
- ctrl + c 默认复制当前行
- ctrl + v
- ctrl + x
- ctrl + d 复制粘贴,默认当前行
- ctrl + y 删除默认当前行
- ctrl + z 撤销
- ctrl + f 搜索
- home(ctrl +[) 回到首个字符
- end 回到最后一个字符
- alt + shift + F10 选择运行文件
- shift + F10 运行当前文件
- shift + enter 换行
- ctrl + shift + r 项目全局搜索
- ctrl + alt + l 代码整理
- local history -->show history 查看历史记录
- compare with --> 文件比较
pycharm的快捷键修改的位置:
file -> settings -> Keymap
右侧可以搜索各种快捷键的功能,然后修改成任意自己熟悉的快捷键
安装Jupyter
1. 修改镜像源
External libraries -->Python 3.6 --> site-packages-->pip-->models-->index.py
最后一行,修改PyPI = Index('https://pypi.douban.com/')
修改之后更新软件速度会比国外的镜像源要快很多。
2. 安装pip
pip install jupyter
然后升级pip3 install --upgrade pip
如果出现Fatal error错误
python -m pip install jupyter
file -- > settings --> project --> project interpreter --> + 号 -->搜索jupyter --> install
进入jupyter的命令
在cmd窗口输入:
jupyter notebook
3. Jupyter插件的安装
- pip install jupyter_contrib_nbextensions
- jupyter contrib nbextension install --user
4. juopyter快捷键
enter 进入代码块
shift + enter 运行
m 进入markdown模式
y 进入python模式
esc 退出
shift + 鼠标左键 选中多个
f 搜索+替换
d,d 删除
file --> download as --> md
查看快捷键:help --> keyboards
小tips:
jupyter打开py结尾的文件的方法,即py文件转化为ipynb文件
%run **.py
%load **.py
unindent does not match any outer indentation level类似报错
比较常见的原因就是修改一些代码的时候出现了空格,尤其是行首的位置,要注意
- 如上图,如果此处有空格,就会报各种错误,很多时候就是这些非常低级的问题,报各种莫名其妙的错误,所以修改一些配置文件的时候一定要注意。
第二天过去,虽然环境不是特别好,学到的东西还是不错的,感觉自己喜欢这种发现bug的生活,能改错,才是成功。
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