编程语言分类

  • 编程语言是用来和计算机交互的,计算机只认识0和1

机器语言(低级语言)

直接和硬件交互

用0和1和计算机沟通

优点:执行效率最高

缺点:开发效率低

汇编语言直接和硬件交互

优点(相较于机器语言):开发效率略高

缺点(相较于机器语言):执行效率略低


高级语言

接近于人类语言

编译型(一次性丢入谷歌翻译)

C/JAVA/GO

和计算机硬件间接交互

记录下来,全部说完然后翻译,文件编译成另一个obj文件,再和计算机沟通得到结果

优点(相较于解释型语言):执行效率高

缺点(相较于解释型语言):开发效率低

 
 
 
xxxxxxxxxx
 
 
#include <stdio.h>
int main ()
{
    printf ("hello world!\n")
 
 
}
 
 

把代码翻译成机器语言,通过编译器(汇编语言/机器语言写的)

解释型(同声翻译)

python无所不能

说一句翻译一句,python即是如此

优点(相较于编译型语言):开发效率高

缺点(相较于编译型语言):执行效率低

 
 
 
xxxxxxxxxx
 
 
 
 
print('hello world')
 
 

翻译成机器语言,一般是通过解释器(编译型语言写的)

我们写程序,程序运行越快越好,应该用编译

网络瓶颈效应

应用程序大多都需要联网

网络延迟10ms,编译型程序比解释型程序大概快1ms左右

硬件性能,

编程语言优缺点(个人观点,勿喷)

  • C:和硬件交互(工厂造物)
  • C++:面向对象的C(上帝造人)
  • JAVA:跨平台非常好
  • PHP:世界上最好的语言,只能做后端
  • Python:无所不能(Python比喻成一部手机,一个库一个应用程序)
  • GO:高并发(同一时刻多人一起使用),支持高并发,编译型。
  • js:史上语法最烂的语言(兼顾太多反而顾头不顾尾)
  • app:最早是网页源码打包生成的apk

推荐书籍《美丽新世界》

Pycharm的常用指令

  • ctrl + a
  • ctrl + c 默认复制当前行
  • ctrl + v
  • ctrl + x
  • ctrl + d 复制粘贴,默认当前行
  • ctrl + y 删除默认当前行
  • ctrl + z 撤销
  • ctrl + f 搜索
  • home(ctrl +[) 回到首个字符
  • end 回到最后一个字符
  • alt + shift + F10 选择运行文件
  • shift + F10 运行当前文件
  • shift + enter 换行
  • ctrl + shift + r 项目全局搜索
  • ctrl + alt + l 代码整理
  • local history -->show history 查看历史记录
  • compare with --> 文件比较

pycharm的快捷键修改的位置:

file -> settings -> Keymap

右侧可以搜索各种快捷键的功能,然后修改成任意自己熟悉的快捷键

安装Jupyter

1. 修改镜像源

External libraries -->Python 3.6 --> site-packages-->pip-->models-->index.py

最后一行,修改PyPI = Index('https://pypi.douban.com/')

修改之后更新软件速度会比国外的镜像源要快很多。

2. 安装pip

pip install jupyter

然后升级pip3 install --upgrade pip

如果出现Fatal error错误

python -m pip install jupyter

file -- > settings --> project --> project interpreter --> + 号 -->搜索jupyter --> install

进入jupyter的命令

在cmd窗口输入:

jupyter notebook

3. Jupyter插件的安装

  • pip install jupyter_contrib_nbextensions
  • jupyter contrib nbextension install --user

4. juopyter快捷键

enter 进入代码块

shift + enter 运行

m 进入markdown模式

y 进入python模式

esc 退出

shift + 鼠标左键 选中多个

f 搜索+替换

d,d 删除

file --> download as --> md

查看快捷键:help --> keyboards

小tips:

  • jupyter打开py结尾的文件的方法,即py文件转化为ipynb文件

    %run **.py

    %load **.py

  • unindent does not match any outer indentation level类似报错

    比较常见的原因就是修改一些代码的时候出现了空格,尤其是行首的位置,要注意

  • 如上图,如果此处有空格,就会报各种错误,很多时候就是这些非常低级的问题,报各种莫名其妙的错误,所以修改一些配置文件的时候一定要注意。

第二天过去,虽然环境不是特别好,学到的东西还是不错的,感觉自己喜欢这种发现bug的生活,能改错,才是成功。

figure:last-child { margin-bottom: 0.5rem; }
#write ol, #write ul { position: relative; }
img { max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; }
button, input, select, textarea { color: inherit; font: inherit; }
input[type="checkbox"], input[type="radio"] { line-height: normal; padding: 0px; }
*, ::after, ::before { box-sizing: border-box; }
#write h1, #write h2, #write h3, #write h4, #write h5, #write h6, #write p, #write pre { width: inherit; }
#write h1, #write h2, #write h3, #write h4, #write h5, #write h6, #write p { position: relative; }
p { line-height: inherit; }
h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 { break-after: avoid-page; break-inside: avoid; orphans: 2; }
p { orphans: 4; }
h1 { font-size: 2rem; }
h2 { font-size: 1.8rem; }
h3 { font-size: 1.6rem; }
h4 { font-size: 1.4rem; }
h5 { font-size: 1.2rem; }
h6 { font-size: 1rem; }
.md-math-block, .md-rawblock, h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, p { margin-top: 1rem; margin-bottom: 1rem; }
.hidden { display: none; }
.md-blockmeta { color: rgb(204, 204, 204); font-weight: 700; font-style: italic; }
a { cursor: pointer; }
sup.md-footnote { padding: 2px 4px; background-color: rgba(238, 238, 238, 0.7); color: rgb(85, 85, 85); border-radius: 4px; cursor: pointer; }
sup.md-footnote a, sup.md-footnote a:hover { color: inherit; text-transform: inherit; text-decoration: inherit; }
#write input[type="checkbox"] { cursor: pointer; width: inherit; height: inherit; }
figure { overflow-x: auto; margin: 1.2em 0px; max-width: calc(100% + 16px); padding: 0px; }
figure > table { margin: 0px !important; }
tr { break-inside: avoid; break-after: auto; }
thead { display: table-header-group; }
table { border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; width: 100%; overflow: auto; break-inside: auto; text-align: left; }
table.md-table td { min-width: 32px; }
.CodeMirror-gutters { border-right: 0px; background-color: inherit; }
.CodeMirror-linenumber { user-select: none; }
.CodeMirror { text-align: left; }
.CodeMirror-placeholder { opacity: 0.3; }
.CodeMirror pre { padding: 0px 4px; }
.CodeMirror-lines { padding: 0px; }
div.hr:focus { cursor: none; }
#write pre { white-space: pre-wrap; }
#write.fences-no-line-wrapping pre { white-space: pre; }
#write pre.ty-contain-cm { white-space: normal; }
.CodeMirror-gutters { margin-right: 4px; }
.md-fences { font-size: 0.9rem; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; overflow: visible; white-space: pre; background: inherit; position: relative !important; }
.md-diagram-panel { width: 100%; margin-top: 10px; text-align: center; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 8px; overflow-x: auto; }
#write .md-fences.mock-cm { white-space: pre-wrap; }
.md-fences.md-fences-with-lineno { padding-left: 0px; }
#write.fences-no-line-wrapping .md-fences.mock-cm { white-space: pre; overflow-x: auto; }
.md-fences.mock-cm.md-fences-with-lineno { padding-left: 8px; }
.CodeMirror-line, twitterwidget { break-inside: avoid; }
.footnotes { opacity: 0.8; font-size: 0.9rem; margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; }
.footnotes + .footnotes { margin-top: 0px; }
.md-reset { margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: top; background: 0px 0px; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; float: none; position: static; width: auto; height: auto; white-space: nowrap; cursor: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; line-height: normal; font-weight: 400; text-align: left; box-sizing: content-box; direction: ltr; }
li div { padding-top: 0px; }
blockquote { margin: 1rem 0px; }
li .mathjax-block, li p { margin: 0.5rem 0px; }
li { margin: 0px; position: relative; }
blockquote > :last-child { margin-bottom: 0px; }
blockquote > :first-child, li > :first-child { margin-top: 0px; }
.footnotes-area { color: rgb(136, 136, 136); margin-top: 0.714rem; padding-bottom: 0.143rem; white-space: normal; }
#write .footnote-line { white-space: pre-wrap; }
@media print {
body, html { border: 1px solid transparent; height: 99%; break-after: avoid; break-before: avoid; }
#write { margin-top: 0px; padding-top: 0px; border-color: transparent !important; }
.typora-export * { -webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; }
html.blink-to-pdf { font-size: 13px; }
.typora-export #write { padding-left: 32px; padding-right: 32px; padding-bottom: 0px; break-after: avoid; }
.typora-export #write::after { height: 0px; }
}
.footnote-line { margin-top: 0.714em; font-size: 0.7em; }
a img, img a { cursor: pointer; }
pre.md-meta-block { font-size: 0.8rem; min-height: 0.8rem; white-space: pre-wrap; background: rgb(204, 204, 204); display: block; overflow-x: hidden; }
p > .md-image:only-child:not(.md-img-error) img, p > img:only-child { display: block; margin: auto; }
p > .md-image:only-child { display: inline-block; width: 100%; }
#write .MathJax_Display { margin: 0.8em 0px 0px; }
.md-math-block { width: 100%; }
.md-math-block:not(:empty)::after { display: none; }
[contenteditable="true"]:active, [contenteditable="true"]:focus { outline: 0px; box-shadow: none; }
.md-task-list-item { position: relative; list-style-type: none; }
.task-list-item.md-task-list-item { padding-left: 0px; }
.md-task-list-item > input { position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin-left: -1.2em; margin-top: calc(1em - 10px); border: none; }
.math { font-size: 1rem; }
.md-toc { min-height: 3.58rem; position: relative; font-size: 0.9rem; border-radius: 10px; }
.md-toc-content { position: relative; margin-left: 0px; }
.md-toc-content::after, .md-toc::after { display: none; }
.md-toc-item { display: block; color: rgb(65, 131, 196); }
.md-toc-item a { text-decoration: none; }
.md-toc-inner:hover { text-decoration: underline; }
.md-toc-inner { display: inline-block; cursor: pointer; }
.md-toc-h1 .md-toc-inner { margin-left: 0px; font-weight: 700; }
.md-toc-h2 .md-toc-inner { margin-left: 2em; }
.md-toc-h3 .md-toc-inner { margin-left: 4em; }
.md-toc-h4 .md-toc-inner { margin-left: 6em; }
.md-toc-h5 .md-toc-inner { margin-left: 8em; }
.md-toc-h6 .md-toc-inner { margin-left: 10em; }
@media screen and (max-width: 48em) {
.md-toc-h3 .md-toc-inner { margin-left: 3.5em; }
.md-toc-h4 .md-toc-inner { margin-left: 5em; }
.md-toc-h5 .md-toc-inner { margin-left: 6.5em; }
.md-toc-h6 .md-toc-inner { margin-left: 8em; }
}
a.md-toc-inner { font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; }
.footnote-line a:not(.reversefootnote) { color: inherit; }
.md-attr { display: none; }
.md-fn-count::after { content: "."; }
code, pre, samp, tt { font-family: var(--monospace); }
kbd { margin: 0px 0.1em; padding: 0.1em 0.6em; font-size: 0.8em; color: rgb(36, 39, 41); background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 1px solid rgb(173, 179, 185); border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: rgba(12, 13, 14, 0.2) 0px 1px 0px, rgb(255, 255, 255) 0px 0px 0px 2px inset; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: middle; }
.md-comment { color: rgb(162, 127, 3); opacity: 0.8; font-family: var(--monospace); }
code { text-align: left; vertical-align: initial; }
a.md-print-anchor { white-space: pre !important; border-width: initial !important; border-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; display: inline-block !important; position: absolute !important; width: 1px !important; right: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; background: 0px 0px !important; text-decoration: initial !important; text-shadow: initial !important; }
.md-inline-math .MathJax_SVG .noError { display: none !important; }
.html-for-mac .inline-math-svg .MathJax_SVG { vertical-align: 0.2px; }
.md-math-block .MathJax_SVG_Display { text-align: center; margin: 0px; position: relative; text-indent: 0px; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-height: 0px; min-width: 100%; width: auto; overflow-y: hidden; display: block !important; }
.MathJax_SVG_Display, .md-inline-math .MathJax_SVG_Display { width: auto; margin: inherit; display: inline-block !important; }
.MathJax_SVG .MJX-monospace { font-family: var(--monospace); }
.MathJax_SVG .MJX-sans-serif { font-family: sans-serif; }
.MathJax_SVG { display: inline; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal; zoom: 90%; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; }
.MathJax_SVG * { transition: none 0s ease 0s; }
.MathJax_SVG_Display svg { vertical-align: middle !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; margin-top: 0px !important; }
.os-windows.monocolor-emoji .md-emoji { font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol", sans-serif; }
.md-diagram-panel > svg { max-width: 100%; }
[lang="mermaid"] svg, [lang="flow"] svg { max-width: 100%; height: auto; }
[lang="mermaid"] .node text { font-size: 1rem; }
table tr th { border-bottom: 0px; }
video { max-width: 100%; display: block; margin: 0px auto; }
iframe { max-width: 100%; width: 100%; border: none; }
.highlight td, .highlight tr { border: 0px; }

.CodeMirror { height: auto; }
.CodeMirror.cm-s-inner { background: inherit; }
.CodeMirror-scroll { overflow: auto hidden; z-index: 3; }
.CodeMirror-gutter-filler, .CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler { background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.CodeMirror-gutters { border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); background: inherit; white-space: nowrap; }
.CodeMirror-linenumber { padding: 0px 3px 0px 5px; text-align: right; color: rgb(153, 153, 153); }
.cm-s-inner .cm-keyword { color: rgb(119, 0, 136); }
.cm-s-inner .cm-atom, .cm-s-inner.cm-atom { color: rgb(34, 17, 153); }
.cm-s-inner .cm-number { color: rgb(17, 102, 68); }
.cm-s-inner .cm-def { color: rgb(0, 0, 255); }
.cm-s-inner .cm-variable { color: rgb(0, 0, 0); }
.cm-s-inner .cm-variable-2 { color: rgb(0, 85, 170); }
.cm-s-inner .cm-variable-3 { color: rgb(0, 136, 85); }
.cm-s-inner .cm-string { color: rgb(170, 17, 17); }
.cm-s-inner .cm-property { color: rgb(0, 0, 0); }
.cm-s-inner .cm-operator { color: rgb(152, 26, 26); }
.cm-s-inner .cm-comment, .cm-s-inner.cm-comment { color: rgb(170, 85, 0); }
.cm-s-inner .cm-string-2 { color: rgb(255, 85, 0); }
.cm-s-inner .cm-meta { color: rgb(85, 85, 85); }
.cm-s-inner .cm-qualifier { color: rgb(85, 85, 85); }
.cm-s-inner .cm-builtin { color: rgb(51, 0, 170); }
.cm-s-inner .cm-bracket { color: rgb(153, 153, 119); }
.cm-s-inner .cm-tag { color: rgb(17, 119, 0); }
.cm-s-inner .cm-attribute { color: rgb(0, 0, 204); }
.cm-s-inner .cm-header, .cm-s-inner.cm-header { color: rgb(0, 0, 255); }
.cm-s-inner .cm-quote, .cm-s-inner.cm-quote { color: rgb(0, 153, 0); }
.cm-s-inner .cm-hr, .cm-s-inner.cm-hr { color: rgb(153, 153, 153); }
.cm-s-inner .cm-link, .cm-s-inner.cm-link { color: rgb(0, 0, 204); }
.cm-negative { color: rgb(221, 68, 68); }
.cm-positive { color: rgb(34, 153, 34); }
.cm-header, .cm-strong { font-weight: 700; }
.cm-del { text-decoration: line-through; }
.cm-em { font-style: italic; }
.cm-link { text-decoration: underline; }
.cm-error { color: red; }
.cm-invalidchar { color: red; }
.cm-constant { color: rgb(38, 139, 210); }
.cm-defined { color: rgb(181, 137, 0); }
div.CodeMirror span.CodeMirror-matchingbracket { color: rgb(0, 255, 0); }
div.CodeMirror span.CodeMirror-nonmatchingbracket { color: rgb(255, 34, 34); }
.cm-s-inner .CodeMirror-activeline-background { background: inherit; }
.CodeMirror { position: relative; overflow: hidden; }
.CodeMirror-scroll { height: 100%; outline: 0px; position: relative; box-sizing: content-box; background: inherit; }
.CodeMirror-sizer { position: relative; }
.CodeMirror-gutter-filler, .CodeMirror-hscrollbar, .CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler, .CodeMirror-vscrollbar { position: absolute; z-index: 6; display: none; }
.CodeMirror-vscrollbar { right: 0px; top: 0px; overflow: hidden; }
.CodeMirror-hscrollbar { bottom: 0px; left: 0px; overflow: hidden; }
.CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler { right: 0px; bottom: 0px; }
.CodeMirror-gutter-filler { left: 0px; bottom: 0px; }
.CodeMirror-gutters { position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; padding-bottom: 30px; z-index: 3; }
.CodeMirror-gutter { white-space: normal; height: 100%; box-sizing: content-box; padding-bottom: 30px; margin-bottom: -32px; display: inline-block; }
.CodeMirror-gutter-wrapper { position: absolute; z-index: 4; background: 0px 0px !important; border: none !important; }
.CodeMirror-gutter-background { position: absolute; top: 0px; bottom: 0px; z-index: 4; }
.CodeMirror-gutter-elt { position: absolute; cursor: default; z-index: 4; }
.CodeMirror-lines { cursor: text; }
.CodeMirror pre { border-radius: 0px; border-width: 0px; background: 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; margin: 0px; white-space: pre; overflow-wrap: normal; color: inherit; z-index: 2; position: relative; overflow: visible; }
.CodeMirror-wrap pre { overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: normal; }
.CodeMirror-code pre { border-right: 30px solid transparent; width: fit-content; }
.CodeMirror-wrap .CodeMirror-code pre { border-right: none; width: auto; }
.CodeMirror-linebackground { position: absolute; left: 0px; right: 0px; top: 0px; bottom: 0px; z-index: 0; }
.CodeMirror-linewidget { position: relative; z-index: 2; overflow: auto; }
.CodeMirror-wrap .CodeMirror-scroll { overflow-x: hidden; }
.CodeMirror-measure { position: absolute; width: 100%; height: 0px; overflow: hidden; visibility: hidden; }
.CodeMirror-measure pre { position: static; }
.CodeMirror div.CodeMirror-cursor { position: absolute; visibility: hidden; border-right: none; width: 0px; }
.CodeMirror div.CodeMirror-cursor { visibility: hidden; }
.CodeMirror-focused div.CodeMirror-cursor { visibility: inherit; }
.cm-searching { background: rgba(255, 255, 0, 0.4); }
@media print {
.CodeMirror div.CodeMirror-cursor { visibility: hidden; }
}

:root { --side-bar-bg-color: #fafafa; --control-text-color: #777; }
html { font-size: 16px; }
body { font-family: "Open Sans", "Clear Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 1.6; }
#write { max-width: 860px; margin: 0px auto; padding: 30px 30px 100px; }
#write > ul:first-child, #write > ol:first-child { margin-top: 30px; }
a { color: rgb(65, 131, 196); }
h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 { position: relative; margin-top: 1rem; margin-bottom: 1rem; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.4; cursor: text; }
h1:hover a.anchor, h2:hover a.anchor, h3:hover a.anchor, h4:hover a.anchor, h5:hover a.anchor, h6:hover a.anchor { text-decoration: none; }
h1 tt, h1 code { font-size: inherit; }
h2 tt, h2 code { font-size: inherit; }
h3 tt, h3 code { font-size: inherit; }
h4 tt, h4 code { font-size: inherit; }
h5 tt, h5 code { font-size: inherit; }
h6 tt, h6 code { font-size: inherit; }
h1 { padding-bottom: 0.3em; font-size: 2.25em; line-height: 1.2; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238); }
h2 { padding-bottom: 0.3em; font-size: 1.75em; line-height: 1.225; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238); }
h3 { font-size: 1.5em; line-height: 1.43; }
h4 { font-size: 1.25em; }
h5 { font-size: 1em; }
h6 { font-size: 1em; color: rgb(119, 119, 119); }
p, blockquote, ul, ol, dl, table { margin: 0.8em 0px; }
li > ol, li > ul { margin: 0px; }
hr { height: 2px; padding: 0px; margin: 16px 0px; background-color: rgb(231, 231, 231); border: 0px none; overflow: hidden; box-sizing: content-box; }
li p.first { display: inline-block; }
ul, ol { padding-left: 30px; }
ul:first-child, ol:first-child { margin-top: 0px; }
ul:last-child, ol:last-child { margin-bottom: 0px; }
blockquote { border-left: 4px solid rgb(223, 226, 229); padding: 0px 15px; color: rgb(119, 119, 119); }
blockquote blockquote { padding-right: 0px; }
table { padding: 0px; word-break: initial; }
table tr { border-top: 1px solid rgb(223, 226, 229); margin: 0px; padding: 0px; }
table tr:nth-child(2n), thead { background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); }
table tr th { font-weight: bold; border-width: 1px 1px 0px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(223, 226, 229); border-right-color: rgb(223, 226, 229); border-left-color: rgb(223, 226, 229); border-image: initial; border-bottom-style: initial; border-bottom-color: initial; text-align: left; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 13px; }
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