201771010135 杨蓉庆《面对对象程序设计（java）》第十五周学习总结

1、实验目的与要求

(1) 掌握Java应用程序的打包操作；

(2) 了解应用程序存储配置信息的两种方法；

(3) 掌握基于JNLP协议的java Web Start应用程序的发布方法；

(5) 掌握Java GUI 编程技术。

一、理论知识

 JAR 文件

1、JAR文件是压缩的，它使用 ZIP 压缩格式。

2、Java程序的打包：程序编译完成后，程序员 将.class文件压缩打包为.jar文件后，GUI界面 程序就可以直接双击图标运行。

3、⚫jar命令格式： jar {ctxui} [vfm0Me] [jar-file] [manifest-file] [entry-point] [-C dir] files…

⚫-c 创建一个新的或者空的存档文件并加入文件。

-m 将一个清单文件（manifest）添加到JAR文件中。

-u 更新已存在的JAR文件（c和u不能同时出现）

-x 解压存档中的命名的（或所有的〕文件

⚫(1) 创建JAR文件：jar cf jar-file（文件名） input-file(s)

(2) 查看JAR文件：jar tf jar-file      （查看t） t---want to view the Table of contents of the JAR file.

（*代表通配符，任意长度的字符。 ？仅代表一个位置是任意的）

(3) 提取JAR文件：jar xf jar-file [archived-file(s)]                 x---want to extract files from the JAR archive

(4) 更新JAR文件：jar uf jar-file input-file(s)                         u---want to update an existing JAR file.

(5) 索引JAR文件:jar i jar-file                                                 i---index an existing JAR file.

4、清单文件:每个JAR文件中包含一个用于描述归档特征的清单文 件(manifest)。清单文件被命名为MANIFEST.MF，它位于JAR文件的一个特殊的META-INF子目录中。

（2）清单文件的节与节之间用空行分开，最后一行必须以 换行符结束。否则，清单文件将无法被正确地读取。

例：– 创建一个包含清单的JAR文件，应该运行： jar cfm MyArchive.jar manifest.mf com/*.class

（3）运行JAR文件：用户可以通过下面的命令来启动应用程序： java –jar MyProgram.jar

窗口操作系统，可通过双击JAR文件图标来启动应用程序。

5、资源：Java中，应用程序使用的类通常需要一些相关的数据文件，这些文件称为资源(Resource)。

（–图像和声音文件。       –带有消息字符串和按钮标签的文本文件。      二进制数据文件，如：描述地图布局的文件。）

（1）利用资源机制对于非类文件也可以进行同样操作 ，具体步骤如下：

– 获得资源的Class对象。

– 如果资源是一个图像或声音文件，那么就需要调用 getresource(filename)获得资源的URL位置，然后利 用getImage或getAudioClip方法进行读取。 – 如果资源是文本或二进制文件，那么就可以使用 getResouceAsStream方法读取文件中的数据。

（2）资源文件可以与类文件放在同一个目录中，也可以将资源文件放在其它子目录中。具体有以下两 种方式：

–相对资源名：如data/text/about.txt 它会被解释为相对于加载这个资源的类所在 的包。

–绝对资源名：如/corejava/title.txt

（3）编译、创建JAR文件和执行这个程序的命令如下： – javac ResourceTest.java

– jar cvfm ResourceTest.jar ResourceTest.mf *.class *.gif *.txt

– java –jar ResourceTest.jar

⚫

◼ 应用程序首选项存储

◼ Java Web Start

⚫ Java Web Start是一个用Java编写的应用程序，它是Sun 公司推出的一项在Internet上发布应用程序的技术；

⚫ 通过Java Web Start可以使一个应用程序很容易地通过 web部署在各个平台上，包括Windows，Linux，Solaris等。

⚫ Java Web Start的工作过程是基于Java Network Launch Protocol(JNLP) 协议的 。 一个后缀为 JNLP的文件包含了应用程序的说明以及如何启动 这个应用程序的所有信息，Java Web Start技术 部署应用程序的关键就在于JNLP文件的编写以及 发布。

2、实验内容和步骤

实验1： 导入第13章示例程序，测试程序并进行代码注释。

测试程序1

l 在elipse IDE中调试运行教材585页程序13-1，结合程序运行结果理解程序；

l 将所生成的JAR文件移到另外一个不同的目录中，再运行该归档文件，以便确认程序是从JAR文件中，而不是从当前目录中读取的资源。

l 掌握创建JAR文件的方法；

package resource;

import java.awt.*;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
import java.util.*;
import javax.swing.*;

/**
 * @version 1.41 2015-06-12
 * @author Cay Horstmann
 */
public class ResourceTest
{
   public static void main(String[] args)
   {
      EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> {
         JFrame frame = new ResourceTestFrame();
         frame.setTitle("ResourceTest");//设置标题
         frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);//关闭界面的操作
         frame.setVisible(true);//使结果为可见的
      });
   }
}

/**
 * A frame that loads image and text resources.
 */
class ResourceTestFrame extends JFrame
{  //定义像素长和宽
   private static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 300;
   private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 300;

   public ResourceTestFrame()//定义ResourceTestFrame类
   {//利用about.gif图像文件制作图标
      setSize(DEFAULT_WIDTH, DEFAULT_HEIGHT);
      URL aboutURL = getClass().getResource("about.gif");
      Image img = new ImageIcon(aboutURL).getImage();
      //在找到ResourceTest类的地方查找about.gif图像文件
      setIconImage(img);

      JTextArea textArea = new JTextArea();
      //读取about.txt文件
      InputStream stream = getClass().getResourceAsStream("about.txt");
      try (Scanner in = new Scanner(stream, "UTF-8"))
      {
         while (in.hasNext())
            textArea.append(in.nextLine() + "\n");
      }//捕获异常
      add(textArea);
   }
}

resource

测试程序2

l 在elipse IDE中调试运行教材588页-589程序13-2，结合程序运行结果理解程序；

l 了解Properties类中常用的方法；

package properties;

import java.awt.EventQueue;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.io.*;
import java.util.Properties;

import javax.swing.*;

/**
 * A program to test properties. The program remembers the frame position, size,
 * and title.
 * @version 1.01 2015-06-16
 * @author Cay Horstmann
 */
public class PropertiesTest
{
   public static void main(String[] args)
   {
       EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> {//lamda表达式
         PropertiesFrame frame = new PropertiesFrame();
         frame.setVisible(true);
      });
   }
}

/**
 * A frame that restores position and size from a properties file and updates
 * the properties upon exit.
 */
class PropertiesFrame extends JFrame
{
   private static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 300;
   private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 200;

   private File propertiesFile;//属性映射文件
   private Properties settings;

   public PropertiesFrame()
   {
      // get position, size, title from properties
      //获得位置、大小、标题

      String userDir = System.getProperty("user.home");
      //找到用户的主目录，调用System.getProperty方法
      File propertiesDir = new File(userDir,".corejava");
      if (!propertiesDir.exists()) propertiesDir.mkdir();
      propertiesFile = new File(propertiesDir, "program.properties");

      Properties defaultSettings = new Properties();
      //defaultSettings构造器提供属性映射参数
      defaultSettings.setProperty("left", "0");
      defaultSettings.setProperty("top", "0");
      defaultSettings.setProperty("width", "" + DEFAULT_WIDTH);
      defaultSettings.setProperty("height", "" + DEFAULT_HEIGHT);
      defaultSettings.setProperty("title", "");
      settings = new Properties(defaultSettings);

      if (propertiesFile.exists())
         try (InputStream in = new FileInputStream(propertiesFile))
         {
            settings.load(in);//使文件加载属性
         }
         catch (IOException ex)//抛出异常
         {
            ex.printStackTrace();
         }

      int left = Integer.parseInt(settings.getProperty("left"));
      int top = Integer.parseInt(settings.getProperty("top"));
      int width = Integer.parseInt(settings.getProperty("width"));
      int height = Integer.parseInt(settings.getProperty("height"));
      setBounds(left, top, width, height);

      // if no title given, ask user

      String title = settings.getProperty("title");
      if (title.equals(""))
         title = JOptionPane.showInputDialog("Please supply a frame title:");
      if (title == null) title = "";
      setTitle(title);

      addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter()//添加窗口指定监听器
      {
         public void windowClosing(WindowEvent event)
         {
            settings.setProperty("left", "" + getX());
            settings.setProperty("top", "" + getY());
            settings.setProperty("width", "" + getWidth());
            settings.setProperty("height", "" + getHeight());
            settings.setProperty("title", getTitle());//
            try (OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(propertiesFile))
            {
               settings.store(out, "Program Properties");
            }
            catch (IOException ex)
            {
               ex.printStackTrace();
            }
            System.exit(0);
         }
      });
   }
}

properties

                        

测试程序3

l 在elipse IDE中调试运行教材593页-594程序13-3，结合程序运行结果理解程序；

l 了解Preferences类中常用的方法；

package preferences;

import java.awt.*;
import java.io.*;
import java.util.prefs.*;

import javax.swing.*;
import javax.swing.filechooser.*;

/**
 * A program to test preference settings. The program remembers the frame
 * position, size, and title.
 * @version 1.03 2015-06-12
 * @author Cay Horstmann
 */
public class PreferencesTest
{
   public static void main(String[] args)
   {
      EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> {
         PreferencesFrame frame = new PreferencesFrame();
         frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
         frame.setVisible(true);
      });
   }
}

/**
 * A frame that restores position and size from user preferences and updates the
 * preferences upon exit.
 */
class PreferencesFrame extends JFrame
{
   private static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 300;
   private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 200;
   private Preferences root = Preferences.userRoot();//访问树中的一个结点
   private Preferences node = root.node("/com/horstmann/corejava");//提供一个节点路径名

   public PreferencesFrame()
   {
      // get position, size, title from preferences

      int left = node.getInt("left", 0);
      int top = node.getInt("top", 0);
      int width = node.getInt("width", DEFAULT_WIDTH);
      int height = node.getInt("height", DEFAULT_HEIGHT);
      setBounds(left, top, width, height);//设置节点信息

      // if no title given, ask user

      String title = node.get("title", "");
      if (title.equals(""))//对象比较
         title = JOptionPane.showInputDialog("Please supply a frame title:");
      if (title == null) title = "";
      setTitle(title);

      // set up file chooser that shows XML files

      final JFileChooser chooser = new JFileChooser();
      chooser.setCurrentDirectory(new File("."));
      chooser.setFileFilter(new FileNameExtensionFilter("XML files", "xml"));

      // set up menus

      JMenuBar menuBar = new JMenuBar();//创建新的菜单栏
      setJMenuBar(menuBar);
      JMenu menu = new JMenu("File");
      menuBar.add(menu);

      JMenuItem exportItem = new JMenuItem("Export preferences");//添加菜单项目
      menu.add(exportItem);
      exportItem
            .addActionListener(event -> {
               if (chooser.showSaveDialog(PreferencesFrame.this) == JFileChooser.APPROVE_OPTION)
               //this引用
               {
                  try
                  {
                     savePreferences();//保存首选项
                     OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(chooser
                           .getSelectedFile());
                     node.exportSubtree(out);
                     out.close();
                  }
                  catch (Exception e)
                  {
                     e.printStackTrace();//捕获异常
                  }
               }
            });

      JMenuItem importItem = new JMenuItem("Import preferences");
      menu.add(importItem);//add方法
      importItem
            .addActionListener(event -> {
               if (chooser.showOpenDialog(PreferencesFrame.this) == JFileChooser.APPROVE_OPTION)
               {
                  try
                  {
                     InputStream in = new FileInputStream(chooser
                           .getSelectedFile());
                     Preferences.importPreferences(in);
                     in.close();//获得属性的设置
                  }
                  catch (Exception e)
                  {
                     e.printStackTrace();
                  }
               }
            });

preferences

测试程序4

l 在elipse IDE中调试运行教材619页-622程序13-6，结合程序运行结果理解程序；

l 掌握基于JNLP协议的java Web Start应用程序的发布方法。

Calculator

package webstart;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.PrintStream;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;

import javax.jnlp.BasicService;
import javax.jnlp.FileContents;
import javax.jnlp.FileOpenService;
import javax.jnlp.FileSaveService;
import javax.jnlp.PersistenceService;
import javax.jnlp.ServiceManager;
import javax.jnlp.UnavailableServiceException;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JMenu;
import javax.swing.JMenuBar;
import javax.swing.JMenuItem;
import javax.swing.JOptionPane;

/**
 * A frame with a calculator panel and a menu to load and save the calculator history.
 */
public class CalculatorFrame extends JFrame
{
   private CalculatorPanel panel;

   public CalculatorFrame()
   {
      setTitle();
      panel = new CalculatorPanel();
      add(panel);

      JMenu fileMenu = new JMenu("File");
      JMenuBar menuBar = new JMenuBar();
      menuBar.add(fileMenu);
      setJMenuBar(menuBar);

      JMenuItem openItem = fileMenu.add("Open");
      openItem.addActionListener(event -> open());
      JMenuItem saveItem = fileMenu.add("Save");
      saveItem.addActionListener(event -> save());

      pack();
   }

   /**
    * Gets the title from the persistent store or asks the user for the title if there is no prior
    * entry.
    */
   public void setTitle()
   {
      try
      {
         String title = null;

         BasicService basic = (BasicService) ServiceManager.lookup("javax.jnlp.BasicService");
         URL codeBase = basic.getCodeBase();

         PersistenceService service = (PersistenceService) ServiceManager
               .lookup("javax.jnlp.PersistenceService");
         URL key = new URL(codeBase, "title");

         try
         {
            FileContents contents = service.get(key);
            InputStream in = contents.getInputStream();
            BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(in));
            title = reader.readLine();
         }
         catch (FileNotFoundException e)
         {
            title = JOptionPane.showInputDialog("Please supply a frame title:");
            if (title == null) return;

            service.create(key, 100);
            FileContents contents = service.get(key);
            OutputStream out = contents.getOutputStream(true);
            PrintStream printOut = new PrintStream(out);
            printOut.print(title);
         }
         setTitle(title);
      }
      catch (UnavailableServiceException | IOException e)
      {
         JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this, e);
      }
   }

   /**
    * Opens a history file and updates the display.
    */
   public void open()
   {
      try
      {
         FileOpenService service = (FileOpenService) ServiceManager
               .lookup("javax.jnlp.FileOpenService");
         FileContents contents = service.openFileDialog(".", new String[] { "txt" });

         JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this, contents.getName());
         if (contents != null)
         {
            InputStream in = contents.getInputStream();
            BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(in));
            String line;
            while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null)
            {
               panel.append(line);
               panel.append("\n");
            }
         }
      }
      catch (UnavailableServiceException e)
      {
         JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this, e);
      }
      catch (IOException e)
      {
         JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this, e);
      }
   }

   /**
    * Saves the calculator history to a file.
    */
   public void save()
   {
      try
      {
         ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
         PrintStream printOut = new PrintStream(out);
         printOut.print(panel.getText());
         InputStream data = new ByteArrayInputStream(out.toByteArray());
         FileSaveService service = (FileSaveService) ServiceManager
               .lookup("javax.jnlp.FileSaveService");
         service.saveFileDialog(".", new String[] { "txt" }, data, "calc.txt");
      }
      catch (UnavailableServiceException e)
      {
         JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this, e);
      }
      catch (IOException e)
      {
         JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this, e);
      }
   }
}

CalculatorFrame

package webstart;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import javax.swing.*;
import javax.swing.text.*;

/**
   A panel with calculator buttons and a result display.
*/
public class CalculatorPanel extends JPanel
{
   private JTextArea display;
   private JPanel panel;
   private double result;
   private String lastCommand;
   private boolean start;

   /**
      Lays out the panel.
   */
   public CalculatorPanel()
   {
      setLayout(new BorderLayout());

      result = 0;
      lastCommand = "=";
      start = true;

      // add the display

      display = new JTextArea(10, 20);

      add(new JScrollPane(display), BorderLayout.NORTH);

      ActionListener insert = new InsertAction();
      ActionListener command = new CommandAction();

      // add the buttons in a 4 x 4 grid

      panel = new JPanel();
      panel.setLayout(new GridLayout(4, 4));

      addButton("7", insert);
      addButton("8", insert);
      addButton("9", insert);
      addButton("/", command);

      addButton("4", insert);
      addButton("5", insert);
      addButton("6", insert);
      addButton("*", command);

      addButton("1", insert);
      addButton("2", insert);
      addButton("3", insert);
      addButton("-", command);

      addButton("0", insert);
      addButton(".", insert);
      addButton("=", command);
      addButton("+", command);

      add(panel, BorderLayout.CENTER);
   }

   /**
      Gets the history text.
      @return the calculator history
   */
   public String getText()
   {
      return display.getText();
   }

   /**
      Appends a string to the history text.
      @param s the string to append
   */
   public void append(String s)
   {
      display.append(s);
   }

   /**
      Adds a button to the center panel.
      @param label the button label
      @param listener the button listener
   */
   private void addButton(String label, ActionListener listener)
   {
      JButton button = new JButton(label);
      button.addActionListener(listener);
      panel.add(button);
   }

   /**
      This action inserts the button action string to the
      end of the display text.
   */
   private class InsertAction implements ActionListener
   {
      public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event)
      {
         String input = event.getActionCommand();
         start = false;
         display.append(input);
      }
   }

   /**
      This action executes the command that the button
      action string denotes.
   */
   private class CommandAction implements ActionListener
   {
      public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event)
      {
         String command = event.getActionCommand();

         if (start)
         {
            if (command.equals("-"))
            {
               display.append(command);
               start = false;
            }
            else
               lastCommand = command;
         }
         else
         {
            try
            {
               int lines = display.getLineCount();
               int lineStart = display.getLineStartOffset(lines - 1);
               int lineEnd = display.getLineEndOffset(lines - 1);
               String value = display.getText(lineStart, lineEnd - lineStart);
               display.append(" ");
               display.append(command);
               calculate(Double.parseDouble(value));
               if (command.equals("="))
                  display.append("\n" + result);
               lastCommand = command;
               display.append("\n");
               start = true;
            }
            catch (BadLocationException e)
            {
               e.printStackTrace();
            }
         }
      }
   }

   /**
      Carries out the pending calculation.
      @param x the value to be accumulated with the prior result.
   */
   public void calculate(double x)
   {
      if (lastCommand.equals("+")) result += x;
      else if (lastCommand.equals("-")) result -= x;
      else if (lastCommand.equals("*")) result *= x;
      else if (lastCommand.equals("/")) result /= x;
      else if (lastCommand.equals("=")) result = x;
   }
}

CalculatorPanel

实验2：GUI综合编程练习

练习1：采用GUI界面设计以下程序，并进行部署与发布：

l 编制一个程序，将身份证号.txt 中的信息读入到内存中；

l 按姓名字典序输出人员信息；

l 查询最大年龄的人员信息；

l 查询最小年龄人员信息；

l 输入你的年龄，查询身份证号.txt中年龄与你最近人的姓名、身份证号、年龄、性别和出生地；

l 查询人员中是否有你的同乡。

l 输入身份证信息，查询所提供身份证号的人员信息，要求输入一个身份证数字时，查询界面就显示满足查询条件的查询结果，且随着输入的数字的增多，查询匹配的范围逐渐缩小。

package 身份证;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Scanner;
import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.event.*;

public class Main extends JFrame {
    private static ArrayList<Student> studentlist;
    private static ArrayList<Student> list;
    private JPanel panel;
    private JPanel buttonPanel;
    private static final int DEFAULT_WITH = 900;
    private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 500;

    public Main() {
        studentlist = new ArrayList<>();
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        File file = new File("D:\\java\\身份证号.txt");
        try {
            FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(file);
            BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(fis));
            String temp = null;
            while ((temp = in.readLine()) != null) {

                Scanner linescanner = new Scanner(temp);

                linescanner.useDelimiter(" ");
                String name = linescanner.next();
                String number = linescanner.next();
                String sex = linescanner.next();
                String age = linescanner.next();
                String province = linescanner.nextLine();
                Student student = new Student();
                student.setName(name);
                student.setnumber(number);
                student.setsex(sex);
                int a = Integer.parseInt(age);
                student.setage(a);
                student.setprovince(province);
                studentlist.add(student);

            }
        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            System.out.println("学生信息文件找不到");
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            System.out.println("学生信息文件读取错误");
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        panel = new JPanel();
        panel.setLayout(new BorderLayout());
        JTextArea jt = new JTextArea();
        panel.add(jt);
        add(panel, BorderLayout.NORTH);
        buttonPanel = new JPanel();
        buttonPanel.setLayout(new GridLayout(1, 8));
        JButton jButton = new JButton("字典排序");
        JButton jButton1 = new JButton("年龄最大和年龄最小");
        JLabel lab = new JLabel("查找你的同乡");
        JTextField jt1 = new JTextField();
        JLabel lab1 = new JLabel("查找与你年龄相近的人：");
        JTextField jt2 = new JTextField();
        JLabel lab2 = new JLabel("输入你的身份证号码：");
        JTextField jt3 = new JTextField();
        JButton jButton2 = new JButton("退出");
        jButton.setBounds(900, 200,100, 90);
        jButton1.setBounds(50, 120, 90, 60);
        jt1.setBounds(900, 120, 100, 80);
        jt2.setBounds(800, 200, 100, 80);
        jt3.setBounds(450, 120, 80, 90);
        jButton2.setBounds(800,200, 60, 50);
        jButton.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                Collections.sort(studentlist);
                jt.setText(studentlist.toString());
            }
        });
        jButton1.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                int max = 0, min = 100;
                int j, k1 = 0, k2 = 0;
                for (int i = 1; i < studentlist.size(); i++) {
                    j = studentlist.get(i).getage();
                    if (j > max) {
                        max = j;
                        k1 = i;
                    }
                    if (j < min) {
                        min = j;
                        k2 = i;
                    }

                }
                jt.setText("年龄最大：" + studentlist.get(k1) + "年龄最小：" + studentlist.get(k2));
            }
        });
        jButton2.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                dispose();
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
        jt1.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                String find = jt1.getText();
                String text="";
                String place = find.substring(0, 3);
                for (int i = 0; i < studentlist.size(); i++) {
                    if (studentlist.get(i).getprovince().substring(1, 4).equals(place)) {
                        text+="\n"+studentlist.get(i);
                        jt.setText("老乡：" + text);
                    }
                }
            }
        });
        jt2.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                String yourage = jt2.getText();
                int a = Integer.parseInt(yourage);
                int near = agenear(a);
                int value = a - studentlist.get(near).getage();
                jt.setText("年龄相近：" + studentlist.get(near));
            }
        });
        jt3.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                list = new ArrayList<>();
                Collections.sort(studentlist);
                String key = jt3.getText();
                for (int i = 1; i < studentlist.size(); i++) {
                    if (studentlist.get(i).getnumber().contains(key)) {
                        list.add(studentlist.get(i));
                        jt.setText("你或许是：\n" + list);

                    }
                }
            }
        });
        buttonPanel.add(jButton);
        buttonPanel.add(jButton1);
        buttonPanel.add(lab);
        buttonPanel.add(jt1);
        buttonPanel.add(lab1);
        buttonPanel.add(jt2);
        buttonPanel.add(lab2);
        buttonPanel.add(jt3);
        buttonPanel.add(jButton2);
        add(buttonPanel, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
        setSize(DEFAULT_WITH, DEFAULT_HEIGHT);
    }

    public static int agenear(int age) {
        int min = 53, value = 0, k = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < studentlist.size(); i++) {
            value = studentlist.get(i).getage() - age;
            if (value < 0)
                value = -value;
            if (value < min) {
                min = value;
                k = i;
            }
        }
        return k;
    }

}

Main

package 身份证;

public class Student implements Comparable<Student> {

    private String name;
    private String number ;
    private String sex ;
    private int age;
    private String province;

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public String getnumber() {
        return number;
    }
    public void setnumber(String number) {
        this.number = number;
    }
    public String getsex() {
        return sex ;
    }
    public void setsex(String sex ) {
        this.sex =sex ;
    }
    public int getage() {

        return age;
        }
        public void setage(int age) {
            // int a = Integer.parseInt(age);
        this.age= age;
        }

    public String getprovince() {
        return province;
    }
    public void setprovince(String province) {
        this.province=province ;
    }

    public int compareTo(Student o) {
       return this.name.compareTo(o.getName());
    }

    public String toString() {
        return  name+"\t"+sex+"\t"+age+"\t"+number+"\t"+province+"\n";
    }
}

Student

package 身份证;

import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.*;

public class ButtonTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> {
            JFrame frame = new Main();
            frame.setTitle("身份证");
            frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
            frame.setVisible(true);
        });
    }
}

ButtonTest

练习2：采用GUI界面设计以下程序，并进行部署与发布

l 编写一个计算器类，可以完成加、减、乘、除的操作

l 利用计算机类，设计一个小学生100以内数的四则运算练习程序，由计算机随机产生10道加减乘除练习题，学生输入答案，由程序检查答案是否正确，每道题正确计10分，错误不计分，10道题测试结束后给出测试总分；

将程序中测试练习题及学生答题结果输出到文件，文件名为test.txt。

package S;

import java.io.*;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.Scanner;

public class jisuan {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);

        PrintWriter output = null;
        try {
            output = new PrintWriter("text.txt");
        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        int sum = 0;
        for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {
            int a = (int) Math.round(Math.random() * 100);
            int b = (int) Math.round(Math.random() * 100);
            int m = (int) Math.round(Math.random() * 4);
            switch (m) {
            case 1:
                while (b == 0) {
                    b = (int) Math.round(Math.random() * 100);
                }
                while (a % b != 0) {
                    a = (int) Math.round(Math.random() * 100);
                }
                System.out.println(a + "/" + b + "=");
                int c1 = in.nextInt();
                output.println(a + "/" + b + "=" + c1);
                if (c1 == a / b) {
                    System.out.println("恭喜答案正确");
                    sum += 10;
                } else {
                    System.out.println("抱歉，答案错误");
                }

                break;

            case 2:
                System.out.println( a + "*" + b + "=");
                int c2 = in.nextInt();
                output.println(a + "*" + b + "=" + c2);
                if (c2 == a * b) {
                    System.out.println("恭喜答案正确");
                    sum += 10;
                } else {
                    System.out.println("抱歉，答案错误");
                }
                break;
            case 3:
                System.out.println( a + "+" + b + "=");
                int c3 = in.nextInt();
                output.println(a + "+" + b + "=" + c3);
                if (c3 == a + b) {
                    System.out.println("恭喜答案正确");
                    sum += 10;
                } else {
                    System.out.println("抱歉，答案错误");
                }

                break;
            case 4:
                while (a < b) {
                    a = (int) Math.round(Math.random() * 100);
                }
                System.out.println( a + "-" + b + "=");
                int c4 = in.nextInt();
                output.println(a + "-" + b + "=" + c4);
                if (c4 == a - b) {
                    System.out.println("恭喜答案正确");
                    sum += 10;
                } else {
                    System.out.println("抱歉，答案错误");
                }
                break;

            }

        }
        System.out.println("成绩" + sum);
        output.println("成绩" + sum);
        output.close();
    }
}

jisuan

package S;
public class math<T> {
    private T a;
    private T b;

    public int add(int a, int b) {
        return a + b;
    }

    public int reduce(int a, int b) {
        return a - b;
    }

    public int multiplication(int a, int b) {
        return a * b;
    }

    public int division(int a, int b) {
        if (b != 0 && a % b == 0)
            return a / b;
        else
            return 0;
    }
}

math

                              

三、实验总结

本章我们学习的知识好像也不是特别难，但实际操作就完全不一样了，由于个人能力有限，在编写程序时候有借鉴别人的代码，虽然想在此基础上进行变化，但最终结果不尽人意，所以只能做到这个样子，而且测试程序也做不太出来，老是发现有错，所以这次实验感觉很不合格，得反省更改……