python文件选择：tkFileDialog 基础

tkFileDialog有两种形式:

一个是.askopenfilename(option=value, ...) 这个是"打开"对话框

另一个是:asksaveasfilename(option=value, ...) 这个是另存为对话框

option参数如下:

defaultextension = s   默认文件的扩展名

filetypes = [(label1, pattern1), (label2, pattern2), ...]   设置文件类型下拉菜单里的的选项

initialdir = D  对话框中默认的路径

initialfile = F  对话框中初始化显示的文件名

parent = W  父对话框(由哪个窗口弹出就在哪个上端)

title = T  弹出对话框的标题

如果选中文件的话,确认后会显示文件的完整路径,否则单击取消的话会返回空字符串

 #coding=UTF-8
 # __author__ = '极致'

 import Tkinter, Tkconstants, tkFileDialog

 class TkFileDialogExample(Tkinter.Frame):

     def __init__(self, root):

         Tkinter.Frame.__init__(self, root)

         # options for buttons
         button_opt = {'fill': Tkconstants.BOTH, 'padx': 5, 'pady': 5}

         # define buttons
         Tkinter.Button(self, text='askopenfile', command=self.askopenfile).pack(**button_opt)
         Tkinter.Button(self, text='askopenfilename', command=self.askopenfilename).pack(**button_opt)
         Tkinter.Button(self, text='asksaveasfile', command=self.asksaveasfile).pack(**button_opt)
         Tkinter.Button(self, text='asksaveasfilename', command=self.asksaveasfilename).pack(**button_opt)
         Tkinter.Button(self, text='askdirectory', command=self.askdirectory).pack(**button_opt)

         # define options for opening or saving a file
         self.file_opt = options = {}
         options['defaultextension'] = '.txt'
         options['filetypes'] = [('all files', '.*'), ('text files', '.txt')]
         options['initialdir'] = 'C:\\'
         options['initialfile'] = 'myfile.txt'
         options['parent'] = root
         options['title'] = 'This is a title'

         # This is only available on the Macintosh, and only when Navigation Services are installed.
         #options['message'] = 'message'

         # if you use the multiple file version of the module functions this option is set automatically.
         #options['multiple'] = 1

         # defining options for opening a directory
         self.dir_opt = options = {}
         options['initialdir'] = 'C:\\'
         options['mustexist'] = False
         options['parent'] = root
         options['title'] = 'This is a title'

     def askopenfile(self):

         """Returns an opened file in read mode."""

         return tkFileDialog.askopenfile(mode='r', **self.file_opt)

     def askopenfilename(self):

         """Returns an opened file in read mode.
         This time the dialog just returns a filename and the file is opened by your own code.
         """

         # get filename
         filename = tkFileDialog.askopenfilename(**self.file_opt)

         # open file on your own
         if filename:
             return open(filename, 'r')

     def asksaveasfile(self):

         """Returns an opened file in write mode."""

         return tkFileDialog.asksaveasfile(mode='w', **self.file_opt)

     def asksaveasfilename(self):

         """Returns an opened file in write mode.
         This time the dialog just returns a filename and the file is opened by your own code.
         """

         # get filename
         filename = tkFileDialog.asksaveasfilename(**self.file_opt)

         # open file on your own
         if filename:
             return open(filename, 'w')

     def askdirectory(self):

         """Returns a selected directoryname."""

         return tkFileDialog.askdirectory(**self.dir_opt)

 if __name__ == '__main__':
     root = Tkinter.Tk()
     TkFileDialogExample(root).pack()
     root.mainloop()