背景

linux上发起http请求

使用方法

# get请求

curl "http://jwen.me/"

# 获取返回的信息头

curl -i "http://jwen.me/"

# post请求

curl -X POST -d "name=jwen&age=29" "http://jwen.me/"

# 自定义header

curl -H "Accept-Language: en-US" "http://jwen.me/"

# 采用压缩方式接收返回数据

curl --compressed "https://www.cmcm.com/app-ads.txt"

官方说明：

Usage: curl [options...] <url>

Options: (H) means HTTP/HTTPS only, (F) means FTP only

     --anyauth       Pick "any" authentication method (H)

 -a, --append        Append to target file when uploading (F/SFTP)

     --basic         Use HTTP Basic Authentication (H)

     --cacert FILE   CA certificate to verify peer against (SSL)

     --capath DIR    CA directory to verify peer against (SSL)

 -E, --cert CERT[:PASSWD]  Client certificate file and password (SSL)

     --cert-status   Verify the status of the server certificate (SSL)

     --cert-type TYPE  Certificate file type (DER/PEM/ENG) (SSL)

     --ciphers LIST  SSL ciphers to use (SSL)

     --compressed    Request compressed response (using deflate or gzip)

 -K, --config FILE   Read config from FILE

     --connect-timeout SECONDS  Maximum time allowed for connection

     --connect-to HOST1:PORT1:HOST2:PORT2 Connect to host (network level)

 -C, --continue-at OFFSET  Resumed transfer OFFSET

 -b, --cookie STRING/FILE  Read cookies from STRING/FILE (H)

 -c, --cookie-jar FILE  Write cookies to FILE after operation (H)

     --create-dirs   Create necessary local directory hierarchy

     --crlf          Convert LF to CRLF in upload

     --crlfile FILE  Get a CRL list in PEM format from the given file

 -d, --data DATA     HTTP POST data (H)

     --data-raw DATA  HTTP POST data, '@' allowed (H)

     --data-ascii DATA  HTTP POST ASCII data (H)

     --data-binary DATA  HTTP POST binary data (H)

     --data-urlencode DATA  HTTP POST data url encoded (H)

     --delegation STRING  GSS-API delegation permission

     --digest        Use HTTP Digest Authentication (H)

     --disable-eprt  Inhibit using EPRT or LPRT (F)

     --disable-epsv  Inhibit using EPSV (F)

     --dns-servers   DNS server addrs to use: 1.1.1.1;2.2.2.2

     --dns-interface  Interface to use for DNS requests

     --dns-ipv4-addr  IPv4 address to use for DNS requests, dot notation

     --dns-ipv6-addr  IPv6 address to use for DNS requests, dot notation

 -D, --dump-header FILE  Write the received headers to FILE

     --egd-file FILE  EGD socket path for random data (SSL)

     --engine ENGINE  Crypto engine (use "--engine list" for list) (SSL)

     --expect100-timeout SECONDS How long to wait for 100-continue (H)

 -f, --fail          Fail silently (no output at all) on HTTP errors (H)

     --fail-early    Fail on first transfer error, do not continue

     --false-start   Enable TLS False Start.

 -F, --form CONTENT  Specify HTTP multipart POST data (H)

     --form-string STRING  Specify HTTP multipart POST data (H)

     --ftp-account DATA  Account data string (F)

     --ftp-alternative-to-user COMMAND  String to replace "USER [name]" (F)

     --ftp-create-dirs  Create the remote dirs if not present (F)

     --ftp-method [MULTICWD/NOCWD/SINGLECWD]  Control CWD usage (F)

     --ftp-pasv      Use PASV/EPSV instead of PORT (F)

 -P, --ftp-port ADR  Use PORT with given address instead of PASV (F)

     --ftp-skip-pasv-ip  Skip the IP address for PASV (F)

     --ftp-pret      Send PRET before PASV (for drftpd) (F)

     --ftp-ssl-ccc   Send CCC after authenticating (F)

     --ftp-ssl-ccc-mode ACTIVE/PASSIVE  Set CCC mode (F)

     --ftp-ssl-control  Require SSL/TLS for FTP login, clear for transfer (F)

 -G, --get           Send the -d data with a HTTP GET (H)

 -g, --globoff       Disable URL sequences and ranges using {} and []

 -H, --header LINE   Pass custom header LINE to server (H)

 -I, --head          Show document info only

 -h, --help          This help text

     --hostpubmd5 MD5  Hex-encoded MD5 string of the host public key. (SSH)

 -0, --http1.0       Use HTTP 1.0 (H)

     --http1.1       Use HTTP 1.1 (H)

     --http2         Use HTTP 2 (H)

     --http2-prior-knowledge  Use HTTP 2 without HTTP/1.1 Upgrade (H)

     --ignore-content-length  Ignore the HTTP Content-Length header

 -i, --include       Include protocol headers in the output (H/F)

 -k, --insecure      Allow connections to SSL sites without certs (H)

     --interface INTERFACE  Use network INTERFACE (or address)

 -4, --ipv4          Resolve name to IPv4 address

 -6, --ipv6          Resolve name to IPv6 address

 -j, --junk-session-cookies  Ignore session cookies read from file (H)

     --keepalive-time SECONDS  Wait SECONDS between keepalive probes

     --key KEY       Private key file name (SSL/SSH)

     --key-type TYPE  Private key file type (DER/PEM/ENG) (SSL)

     --krb LEVEL     Enable Kerberos with security LEVEL (F)

     --libcurl FILE  Dump libcurl equivalent code of this command line

     --limit-rate RATE  Limit transfer speed to RATE

 -l, --list-only     List only mode (F/POP3)

     --local-port RANGE  Force use of RANGE for local port numbers

 -L, --location      Follow redirects (H)

     --location-trusted  Like '--location', and send auth to other hosts (H)

     --login-options OPTIONS  Server login options (IMAP, POP3, SMTP)

 -M, --manual        Display the full manual

     --mail-from FROM  Mail from this address (SMTP)

     --mail-rcpt TO  Mail to this/these addresses (SMTP)

     --mail-auth AUTH  Originator address of the original email (SMTP)

     --max-filesize BYTES  Maximum file size to download (H/F)

     --max-redirs NUM  Maximum number of redirects allowed (H)

 -m, --max-time SECONDS  Maximum time allowed for the transfer

     --metalink      Process given URLs as metalink XML file

     --negotiate     Use HTTP Negotiate (SPNEGO) authentication (H)

 -n, --netrc         Must read .netrc for user name and password

     --netrc-optional  Use either .netrc or URL; overrides -n

     --netrc-file FILE  Specify FILE for netrc

 -:, --next          Allows the following URL to use a separate set of options

     --no-alpn       Disable the ALPN TLS extension (H)

 -N, --no-buffer     Disable buffering of the output stream

     --no-keepalive  Disable keepalive use on the connection

     --no-npn        Disable the NPN TLS extension (H)

     --no-sessionid  Disable SSL session-ID reusing (SSL)

     --noproxy       List of hosts which do not use proxy

     --ntlm          Use HTTP NTLM authentication (H)

     --ntlm-wb       Use HTTP NTLM authentication with winbind (H)

     --oauth2-bearer TOKEN  OAuth 2 Bearer Token (IMAP, POP3, SMTP)

 -o, --output FILE   Write to FILE instead of stdout

     --pass PASS     Pass phrase for the private key (SSL/SSH)

     --path-as-is    Do not squash .. sequences in URL path

     --pinnedpubkey FILE/HASHES Public key to verify peer against (SSL)

     --post301       Do not switch to GET after following a 301 redirect (H)

     --post302       Do not switch to GET after following a 302 redirect (H)

     --post303       Do not switch to GET after following a 303 redirect (H)

     --preproxy [PROTOCOL://]HOST[:PORT] Proxy before HTTP(S) proxy

 -#, --progress-bar  Display transfer progress as a progress bar

     --proto PROTOCOLS  Enable/disable PROTOCOLS

     --proto-default PROTOCOL  Use PROTOCOL for any URL missing a scheme

     --proto-redir PROTOCOLS   Enable/disable PROTOCOLS on redirect

 -x, --proxy [PROTOCOL://]HOST[:PORT]  Use proxy on given port

     --proxy-anyauth  Pick "any" proxy authentication method (H)

     --proxy-basic   Use Basic authentication on the proxy (H)

     --proxy-digest  Use Digest authentication on the proxy (H)

     --proxy-cacert FILE CA certificate to verify peer against for proxy (SSL)

     --proxy-capath DIR CA directory to verify peer against for proxy (SSL)

     --proxy-cert CERT[:PASSWD] Client certificate file and password for proxy (SSL)

     --proxy-cert-type TYPE Certificate file type (DER/PEM/ENG) for proxy (SSL)

     --proxy-ciphers LIST SSL ciphers to use for proxy (SSL)

     --proxy-crlfile FILE Get a CRL list in PEM format from the given file for proxy

     --proxy-insecure Allow connections to SSL sites without certs for proxy (H)

     --proxy-key KEY Private key file name for proxy (SSL)

     --proxy-key-type TYPE Private key file type for proxy (DER/PEM/ENG) (SSL)

     --proxy-negotiate  Use HTTP Negotiate (SPNEGO) authentication on the proxy (H)

     --proxy-ntlm    Use NTLM authentication on the proxy (H)

     --proxy-header LINE Pass custom header LINE to proxy (H)

     --proxy-pass PASS Pass phrase for the private key for proxy (SSL)

     --proxy-ssl-allow-beast Allow security flaw to improve interop for proxy (SSL)

     --proxy-tlsv1   Use TLSv1 for proxy (SSL)

     --proxy-tlsuser USER TLS username for proxy

     --proxy-tlspassword STRING TLS password for proxy

     --proxy-tlsauthtype STRING TLS authentication type for proxy (default SRP)

     --proxy-service-name NAME  SPNEGO proxy service name

     --service-name NAME  SPNEGO service name

 -U, --proxy-user USER[:PASSWORD]  Proxy user and password

     --proxy1.0 HOST[:PORT]  Use HTTP/1.0 proxy on given port

 -p, --proxytunnel   Operate through a HTTP proxy tunnel (using CONNECT)

     --pubkey KEY    Public key file name (SSH)

 -Q, --quote CMD     Send command(s) to server before transfer (F/SFTP)

     --random-file FILE  File for reading random data from (SSL)

 -r, --range RANGE   Retrieve only the bytes within RANGE

     --raw           Do HTTP "raw"; no transfer decoding (H)

 -e, --referer       Referer URL (H)

 -J, --remote-header-name  Use the header-provided filename (H)

 -O, --remote-name   Write output to a file named as the remote file

     --remote-name-all  Use the remote file name for all URLs

 -R, --remote-time   Set the remote file's time on the local output

 -X, --request COMMAND  Specify request command to use

     --resolve HOST:PORT:ADDRESS  Force resolve of HOST:PORT to ADDRESS

     --retry NUM   Retry request NUM times if transient problems occur

     --retry-connrefused  Retry on connection refused (use with --retry)

     --retry-delay SECONDS  Wait SECONDS between retries

     --retry-max-time SECONDS  Retry only within this period

     --sasl-ir       Enable initial response in SASL authentication

 -S, --show-error    Show error. With -s, make curl show errors when they occur

 -s, --silent        Silent mode (don't output anything)

     --socks4 HOST[:PORT]  SOCKS4 proxy on given host + port

     --socks4a HOST[:PORT]  SOCKS4a proxy on given host + port

     --socks5 HOST[:PORT]  SOCKS5 proxy on given host + port

     --socks5-hostname HOST[:PORT]  SOCKS5 proxy, pass host name to proxy

     --socks5-gssapi-service NAME  SOCKS5 proxy service name for GSS-API

     --socks5-gssapi-nec  Compatibility with NEC SOCKS5 server

 -Y, --speed-limit RATE  Stop transfers below RATE for 'speed-time' secs

 -y, --speed-time SECONDS  Trigger 'speed-limit' abort after SECONDS (default: 30)

     --ssl           Try SSL/TLS (FTP, IMAP, POP3, SMTP)

     --ssl-reqd      Require SSL/TLS (FTP, IMAP, POP3, SMTP)

 -2, --sslv2         Use SSLv2 (SSL)

 -3, --sslv3         Use SSLv3 (SSL)

     --ssl-allow-beast  Allow security flaw to improve interop (SSL)

     --ssl-no-revoke    Disable cert revocation checks (WinSSL)

     --stderr FILE   Where to redirect stderr (use "-" for stdout)

     --tcp-nodelay   Use the TCP_NODELAY option

     --tcp-fastopen  Use TCP Fast Open

 -t, --telnet-option OPT=VAL  Set telnet option

     --tftp-blksize VALUE  Set TFTP BLKSIZE option (must be >512)

     --tftp-no-options  Do not send TFTP options requests

 -z, --time-cond TIME   Transfer based on a time condition

 -1, --tlsv1         Use >= TLSv1 (SSL)

     --tlsv1.0       Use TLSv1.0 (SSL)

     --tlsv1.1       Use TLSv1.1 (SSL)

     --tlsv1.2       Use TLSv1.2 (SSL)

     --tlsv1.3       Use TLSv1.3 (SSL)

     --trace FILE    Write a debug trace to FILE

     --trace-ascii FILE  Like --trace, but without hex output

     --trace-time    Add time stamps to trace/verbose output

     --tr-encoding   Request compressed transfer encoding (H)

 -T, --upload-file FILE  Transfer FILE to destination

     --url URL       URL to work with

 -B, --use-ascii     Use ASCII/text transfer

 -u, --user USER[:PASSWORD]  Server user and password

     --tlsuser USER  TLS username

     --tlspassword STRING  TLS password

     --tlsauthtype STRING  TLS authentication type (default: SRP)

     --unix-socket PATH    Connect through this Unix domain socket

     --abstract-unix-socket PATH Connect to an abstract Unix domain socket

 -A, --user-agent STRING  Send User-Agent STRING to server (H)

 -v, --verbose       Make the operation more talkative

 -V, --version       Show version number and quit

 -w, --write-out FORMAT  Use output FORMAT after completion

     --xattr         Store metadata in extended file attributes

 -q, --disable       Disable .curlrc (must be first parameter)

参考文档：

http://www.ruanyifeng.com/blog/2019/09/curl-reference.html

https://curl.haxx.se/docs/manual.html

https://curl.haxx.se/docs/manpage.html

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