Django（九）admin相关知识

https://www.cnblogs.com/yuanchenqi/articles/6083427.htm

https://www.cnblogs.com/haiyan123/p/8034430.html

Django admin ：关于数据库的一个后台管理工具

　　admin是django强大功能之一，它能共从数据库中读取数据，呈现在页面中，进行管理。默认情况下，它的功能已经非常强大，如果你不需要复杂的功能，

它已经够用，但是有时候，一些特殊的功能还需要定制，比如搜索功能，下面这一系列文章就逐步深入介绍如何定制适合自己的admin应用。

如果你觉得英文界面不好用，可以在setting.py 文件中修改以下选项

LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'  #LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-hans'

一  认识ModelAdmin

管理界面的定制类，如需扩展特定的model界面需从该类继承。

二 注册medel类到admin的两种方式：

<1>   使用register的方法

admin.site.register(Book,MyAdmin)

　　<2>   使用register的装饰器

@admin.register(Book)

三 掌握一些常用的设置技巧

• list_display:     指定要显示的字段
• search_fields:  指定搜索的字段
• list_filter:        指定列表过滤器
• ordering：       指定排序字段

from django.contrib import admin
from app01.models import *
# Register your models here.

# @admin.register(Book)#----->单给某个表加一个定制
class MyAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ("title","price","publisher")
    search_fields = ("title","publisher")
    list_filter = ("publisher",)
    ordering = ("price",)
    fieldsets =[
        (None,               {'fields': ['title']}),
        ('price information', {'fields': ['price',"publisher"], 'classes': ['collapse']}),
    ]

admin.site.register(Book,MyAdmin)
admin.site.register(Publish)
admin.site.register(Author)

创建超级管理员

python manage.py createsuperuser

登陆admin

from django.db import models

# Create your models here.

class Book(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    price = models.IntegerField()
    pub_date = models.DateField()
    publish = models.ForeignKey("Publish",on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    authors = models.ManyToManyField("Author")

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

class Publish(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    city = models.CharField(max_length=32)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

class Author(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    age = models.IntegerField()

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

# class Book_Author(models.Model):
#     book = models.ForeignKey("Book", on_delete=models.CASCADE)
#     author = models.ForeignKey("Author", on_delete=models.CASCADE)

models

admin.py

from django.contrib import admin
from app import models
# Register your models here.

admin.site.register(models.Book)
admin.site.register(models.Publish)
admin.site.register(models.Author)

自定义admin样式

admin.py

from django.contrib import admin
from app import models
# Register your models here.

class BookAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ('name','price','pub_date')

admin.site.register(models.Book,BookAdmin)
admin.site.register(models.Publish)
admin.site.register(models.Author)

注意：list_display不可以加多对多的关系

此时price,pub_date不可以直接在页面上edit，需要点击书名进入修改页面，若想直接修改，需要再加一个字段

class BookAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ('name','price','pub_date')
    list_editable = ('price','pub_date')

增加字段选择author， filter_horizontal

class BookAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ('name','price','pub_date')
    list_editable = ('price','pub_date')
    filter_horizontal = ('authors',)

list_per_page

class BookAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ('name','price','pub_date')
    list_editable = ('price','pub_date')
    filter_horizontal = ('authors',)
    list_per_page = 2

search_fields

class BookAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ('name','price','pub_date')
    list_editable = ('price','pub_date')
    filter_horizontal = ('authors',)
    list_per_page = 2
    search_fields = ('name','id','publish__name')

list_filter

class BookAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ('name','price','pub_date')
    list_editable = ('price','pub_date')
    filter_horizontal = ('authors',)
    list_per_page = 2
    search_fields = ('name','id','publish__name')
    list_filter = ('pub_date','publish')

verbose_name

class Book(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=32,verbose_name="姓名")
    price = models.IntegerField("价格")
    pub_date = models.DateField()
    publish = models.ForeignKey("Publish",on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    authors = models.ManyToManyField("Author")

ording

class BookAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ('name','price','pub_date')
    list_editable = ('price','pub_date')
    filter_horizontal = ('authors',)
    # list_per_page = 2
    search_fields = ('name','id','publish__name')
    list_filter = ('pub_date','publish')
    ordering = ('-price',) # 加"-"倒序