VM_Centos7.3_X64_安装Oracle12C 总结笔记

声明：本文居多内容参考原文来之网络；

一：安装Centos7.3 虚拟机

1：操作系统下载

CentOS 7官方下载地址：https://www.centos.org/download/

说明：本案例使用的CentOS-7-x86_64-Everything-1611.iso版本安包

以下针对各个版本的ISO镜像文件，进行一一说明：

CentOS-7.0-x86_64-DVD-1503-01.iso 标准安装版，一般下载这个就可以了（推荐）

CentOS-7.0-x86_64-NetInstall-1503-01.iso 网络安装镜像（从网络安装或者救援系统）

CentOS-7.0-x86_64-Everything-1503-01.iso 对完整版安装盘的软件进行补充，集成所有软件。（包含centos7的一套完整的软件包，可以用来安装系统或者填充本地镜像）

CentOS-7.0-x86_64-GnomeLive-1503-01.iso GNOME桌面版

CentOS-7.0-x86_64-KdeLive-1503-01.iso KDE桌面版

CentOS-7.0-x86_64-livecd-1503-01.iso 光盘上运行的系统，类拟于winpe

CentOS-7.0-x86_64-minimal-1503-01.iso 精简版，自带的软件最少

2:VM虚拟机下载及安装

1：VM 安装包下载：http://sw.bos.baidu.com/sw-search-sp/software/ca7ad8c6d3103/VMware-workstation-full-14.0.0.24051.exe

注：其注册码自己百度

2：VM 程序安装教程：请查看《vmware workstation 12 pro 虚拟机安装系统教程》

3：VM 虚拟机安装 Centos7.3 系统

1：请查看《CentOS 7.3 安装》

2：在系统重启后出现了 lic 等错误配置信息。请自己百度

4：配置静态ip地址：

1：请参考此文：《centos 7.3 设置静态IP》

5：搭建yum　环境：

　１：请参考此文：《　　CentOS7.2 创建本地YUM源和局域网YUM源　　》

二　：Ｏracle12C数据库安装

1：安装包下载

1：安装步骤参考了此文：《 Linux 平台安装Oracle Database 12c 》

2：Oracle12C 官网下载地址

官方的下载地址：

1：http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/enterprise-edition/downloads/index.html

2：https://edelivery.oracle.com/EPD/Download/get_form?egroup_aru_number=16496132

URL地址2需要先注册，然后才能登陆下载，注册登陆界面https://edelivery.oracle.com

关于这两者有啥区别：听一个同事说，用metalink 账号下载的安装文件完整一些。具体情况是不是如此，还不得而知。

地址1下载的文件为：

linuxamd64_12c_database_1of2.zip

linuxamd64_12c_database_2of2.zip

地址2下载的文件为：

V38500-01_1of2.zip

V38500-01_2of2.zip

2）检查硬件要求(Check Hardware Requirements)

1 Check CPU

 [root@localhost ~]#  grep "model name" /proc/cpuinfo

 model name      : Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-6700HQ CPU @ 2.60GHz

 model name      : Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-6700HQ CPU @ 2.60GHz

 model name      : Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-6700HQ CPU @ 2.60GHz

 model name      : Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-6700HQ CPU @ 2.60GHz

 [root@localhost ~]#

 [root@localhost ~]#  cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep "processor" | wc -l

 4

 [root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep "physical id" | sort | uniq | wc -l

 2

 [root@localhost ~]#

2 Check Memory

 root@localhost ~]#  grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo

 MemTotal:        3587024 kB

 [root@localhost ~]# grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo

 SwapTotal:       3801084 kB

 [root@localhost ~]#  free -g

               total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available

 Mem:              3           0           0           0           2           2

 Swap:             3           0           3

 [root@localhost ~]#

Oracle 12c 对系统内存的最低要求为1G，推荐2G或更大的内存，从上面结果可以知道系统内存23G，完全满足要求。

Oracle对交换分区（Swap Space）的推荐设置如下，这里Swap Space为35G，不是16G,需要做一下调整。

3 Check Disk Capacity

 [root@localhost ~]# df -h

 Filesystem           Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on

 /dev/mapper/cl-root   50G  6.9G   44G  14% /

 devtmpfs             1.7G     0  1.7G   0% /dev

 tmpfs                1.8G  140K  1.8G   1% /dev/shm

 tmpfs                1.8G  9.0M  1.8G   1% /run

 tmpfs                1.8G     0  1.8G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup

 /dev/sda1           1014M  173M  842M  18% /boot

 /dev/mapper/cl-home  969G   33M  969G   1% /home

 tmpfs                351M   40K  351M   1% /run/user/0

 /dev/sr0             7.8G  7.8G     0 100% /run/media/root/CentOS 7 x86_64

3: 检查软件要求(Checking the Software Requirements)

用于Oracle Linux 7和Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7的软件包

必须安装以下软件包（或更高版本）：

 binutils-2.23.52.0.1-12.el7.x86_64

 compat-libcap1-1.10-3.el7.x86_64

 compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-71.el7.i686

 compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-71.el7.x86_64

 gcc-4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64

 gcc-c++-4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64

 glibc-2.17-36.el7.i686

 glibc-2.17-36.el7.x86_64

 glibc-devel-2.17-36.el7.i686

 glibc-devel-2.17-36.el7.x86_64

 ksh

 libaio-0.3.109-9.el7.i686

 libaio-0.3.109-9.el7.x86_64

 libaio-devel-0.3.109-9.el7.i686

 libaio-devel-0.3.109-9.el7.x86_64

 libgcc-4.8.2-3.el7.i686

 libgcc-4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64

 libstdc++-4.8.2-3.el7.i686

 libstdc++-4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64

 libstdc++-devel-4.8.2-3.el7.i686

 libstdc++-devel-4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64

 libXi-1.7.2-1.el7.i686

 libXi-1.7.2-1.el7.x86_64

 libXtst-1.2.2-1.el7.i686

 libXtst-1.2.2-1.el7.x86_64

 make-3.82-19.el7.x86_64

 sysstat-10.1.5-1.el7.x86_64

执行脚本

 yum install      binutil* -y

 yum install      compat* -y

 yum install      gcc* -y

 yum install      glibc* -y

 yum install      ksh* -y

 yum install      libaio* -y

 yum install      libgcc* -y

 yum install      libstd* -y

 yum install      libXi* -y

 yum install      libXtst* -y

 yum install      make* -y

 yum install      sysstat* -y

binutils-2.25.1-22.base.el7.x86_64
package compat-libstdc++ is not installed
gcc-4.8.5-11.el7.x86_64
gcc-c++-4.8.5-11.el7.x86_64
glibc-2.17-157.el7.x86_64
glibc-devel-2.17-157.el7.x86_64
package ksh is not installed
libaio-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64
package libaio-devel is not installed
libgcc-4.8.5-11.el7.x86_64
libstdc++-4.8.5-11.el7.x86_64
libstdc++-devel-4.8.5-11.el7.x86_64
libXext-1.3.3-3.el7.x86_64
libXtst-1.2.2-2.1.el7.x86_64
libX11-1.6.3-3.el7.x86_64
libXau-1.0.8-2.1.el7.x86_64
libXi-1.7.4-2.el7.x86_64
make-3.82-23.el7.x86_64
sysstat-10.1.5-11.el7.x86_64

4 :系统配置准备

1 创建Oracle用户和用户组(注：我这里没有设置oracle用户的密码：如果有需要请直接用root用户进行 passwd oracle 的命令为oracle用户设置一个密码)

 [root@localhost ~]# groupadd dba

 [root@localhost ~]#  groupadd oinstall

 [root@localhost ~]# useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle

 [root@localhost ~]# id oracle

 uid=1001(oracle) gid=1002(oinstall) groups=1002(oinstall),1001(dba)

 [root@localhost ~]#

2 创建安装目录

 root@localhost ~]#  mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle

 [root@localhost ~]#  chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle

 [root@localhost ~]#  chmod -R 775 /u01/app/oracle

3 CentOS7关闭防火墙和selinux

 [root@localhost ~]# /usr/sbin/sestatus

 SELinux status:                 enabled

 SELinuxfs mount:                /sys/fs/selinux

 SELinux root directory:         /etc/selinux

 Loaded policy name:             targeted

 Current mode:                   enforcing

 Mode from config file:          disabled

 Policy MLS status:              enabled

 Policy deny_unknown status:     allowed

 Max kernel policy version:      28

 [root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0

 [root@localhost ~]# /usr/sbin/sestatus

 SELinux status:                 enabled

 SELinuxfs mount:                /sys/fs/selinux

 SELinux root directory:         /etc/selinux

 Loaded policy name:             targeted

 Current mode:                   permissive

 Mode from config file:          disabled

 Policy MLS status:              enabled

 Policy deny_unknown status:     allowed

 Max kernel policy version:      28

 [root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld

 [root@localhost ~]# systemctl disable firewalld

 Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.

 Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/basic.target.wants/firewalld.service.

 [root@localhost ~]# systemctl status firewalld

 鈼?firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon

    Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; disabled; vendor preset: enabled)

    Active: inactive (dead)

      Docs: man:firewalld(1)

 Dec 13 20:01:29 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting firewalld - dynamic fire....

 Dec 13 20:01:32 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started firewalld - dynamic firew....

 Dec 13 22:07:20 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Stopping firewalld - dynamic fire....

 Dec 13 22:07:21 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Stopped firewalld - dynamic firew....

 Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.

 [root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/selinux/config

 # This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.

 # SELINUX= can take one of these three values:

 #     enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.

 #     permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.

 #     disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.

 #SELINUX=enforcing

 SELINUX=disabled

 # SELINUXTYPE= can take one of three two values:

 #     targeted - Targeted processes are protected,

 #     minimum - Modification of targeted policy. Only selected processes are protected.

 #     mls - Multi Level Security protection.

 SELINUXTYPE=targeted

 [root@localhost ~]# reboot

----检查结果：

 [root@localhost ~]#  /usr/sbin/sestatus

 SELinux status:                 disabled

 [root@localhost ~]# /usr/sbin/getenforce

 Disabled

 [root@localhost ~]#

4 修改系统内核参数

在修改系统内核参数前，你可以用命令先查看一下当前各类系统参数的值，亦或直接查看配置文件/etc/sysctl.conf

 [root@localhost ~]#  getconf PAGESIZE

 4096

 [root@localhost ~]# sysctl -a | grep sem

 kernel.sem = 250        32000   32      128

 kernel.sem_next_id = -1

 [root@localhost ~]# sysctl -a | grep shm

 kernel.shm_next_id = -1

 kernel.shm_rmid_forced = 0

 kernel.shmall = 18446744073692774399

 kernel.shmmax = 18446744073692774399

 kernel.shmmni = 4096

 vm.hugetlb_shm_group = 0

 [root@localhost ~]#  sysctl -a | grep file-max

 fs.file-max = 378794

 [root@localhost ~]#  sysctl -a | grep ip_local_port_range

 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 32768    60999

 [root@localhost ~]#

关于内核参数的一些设置建议，可以参考下面资料：.

 kernel.shmmax

 关于内核参数kernel.shmmax，oracle 建议，kernel.shmmax的值不能少于物理内存的一半，而且要大于Oracle中sga-max-size的值，否则会造成oracle性能下降

 一般32bit操作系统，直接设置为系统支持的最大内存即可，64bit操作系统设置大于sga-max-size的值即可

 如：当前内存为2G 则kernel.shmmax = 2*1024*1024=2097152

 当前内存为8G则 kernel.shmmax = 7*1024*1024=7340032

 Kernel.shmall

 Shmall指系统一次可以使用的共享内存段的最大数量，以页为单位。Oracle默认设置为 kernel.shmall = 2097152

 即最大8G（2097152*4/1024/1024），（在调整SGA时需要注意，SGA大小设置不可超过该值），根据系统内存大小和使用的不同可以参考如下：设置的一般规律

 kernel.shmall = 8G/4k=8388608k/4k=2097152    ---内存8G

 kernel.shmall = 16G/4k=16777216k/4k=4194304    ---内存16G

 kernel.shmall = 32G/4k=33554432k/4k=8388608    ---内存32G

 （RedHat linux系统中页大小为4096即4K，实际环境以getconf PAGE_SIZE结果为准）

 kernel.shmmni

 shmmni 指系统共享内存段的最大数量

 oracle设置默认值为4096，一般是足够用了，不需要调整

 文件句柄数的相关内核参数设置

 fs.file-max

 fs.file-max指系统能够打开最大的文件句柄数

 oracle建议设置为65536，一般不用修改

 信号的相关内核参数设置

 kernel.sem

 kernel.sem是指 semmsl，semmns，semopm，semmni这4个参数

 semmsl 指每个线号集的最大信号数，Oracle建议是设置为oracle的最大进程数+10

 semmni 指整个系统的信号集的最大数量

 semmns 指整个系统的信号总数，也就是semmni*semmsl的结果

 semopm 指每个semop系统调用可以执行的信号操作的最大数量

 oracle默认设置

 semmsl=250

 semmns=3200

 semopm=100

 semmni=128

 即kernel.sem= 250 3200 100 128

 例：在oracle  ora.init文件参数中设置PROCESSES参数为5000

 则semmsl=5010,semmni=128，semmns=semmsl* semmni=641280

 另外semopm建议设置等于semmsl值即5010

 那么kernel.sem=5010 641280 5010 128

 网络相关的内核参数设置

 net.core.rmem_default

 net.core.rmem_default 指网络套接字的默认接收缓冲区的大小，oracle建议设置为265K即262144

 net.core.rmem_max

 net.core.rmem_max 指网络套接字的最大接收缓冲区的大小，oracle10g及以前版本建议设置为256k即262144

 oracle11g建议设置为4M 即4194304

 net.core.wmem_default

 net.core.wmem_default指网络套接字的默认发送缓冲区的大小，oracle建议设置为265K即262144

 net.core.wmem_max

 net.core.wmem_max  指网络套接字的最大发送缓冲区的大小，oracle10g及以前版本建议设置为256k即262144

 oracle11g建议设置为1M即1048576

 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range

 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range ，指本地的允许打开随机端口范围

 oracle10g前建议端口范围为1024 65000，oracle11g建议端口范围为：

 65500 并忽略oracle安装程序任何关于这个参数的警告

 Asynchronous I/O相关的内核参数设置

 fs.aio-max-nr

 fs.aio-max-nr 指系统允许的最大的异步IO请求大小

 oracle默认设置为1M即1048576，一般不用更改

修改前最后先备份一下/etc/sysctl.conf，以防万一。

 [root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/sysc

 sysconfig/ sysctl.d/

 [root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/

 [root@localhost etc]# cat sysctl.conf

 # sysctl settings are defined through files in

 # /usr/lib/sysctl.d/, /run/sysctl.d/, and /etc/sysctl.d/.

 #

 # Vendors settings live in /usr/lib/sysctl.d/.

 # To override a whole file, create a new file with the same in

 # /etc/sysctl.d/ and put new settings there. To override

 # only specific settings, add a file with a lexically later

 # name in /etc/sysctl.d/ and put new settings there.

 #

 # For more information, see sysctl.conf(5) and sysctl.d(5).

 [root@localhost etc]# cp sysctl.conf  sysctl.conf.bak

 [root@localhost etc]#

 #-----在 sysctl.conf 文档下方增加上以下内容

 kernel.shmmax = 18446744073692774399

 kernel.shmall = 18446744073692774399

 kernel.shmmni = 4096

 kernel.sem =250 32000 100 128

 net.core.rmem_default = 262144

 net.core.rmem_max = 4194304

 net.core.wmem_default = 262144

 net.core.wmem_max = 262144

 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range =32768    60999

 fs.file-max=378794

 fs.aio-max-nr=1048576

 [root@localhost etc]# vi sysctl.conf

 # sysctl settings are defined through files in

 # /usr/lib/sysctl.d/, /run/sysctl.d/, and /etc/sysctl.d/.

 #

 # Vendors settings live in /usr/lib/sysctl.d/.

 # To override a whole file, create a new file with the same in

 # /etc/sysctl.d/ and put new settings there. To override

 # only specific settings, add a file with a lexically later

 # name in /etc/sysctl.d/ and put new settings there.

 #

 # For more information, see sysctl.conf(5) and sysctl.d(5).

 kernel.shmmax = 18446744073692774399

 kernel.shmall = 18446744073692774399

 kernel.shmmni = 4096

 kernel.sem =250 32000 100 128

 net.core.rmem_default = 262144

 net.core.rmem_max = 4194304

 net.core.wmem_default = 262144

 net.core.wmem_max = 262144

 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range =32768    60999

 fs.file-max=378794

 fs.aio-max-nr=1048576

 ~

 ~

 ~

 ~

 ~

 ~

 ~

 ~

 ~

 "sysctl.conf" 26L, 782C written

 [root@localhost etc]#

kernel.shmall =physical RAM size / pagesize (getconf PAGESIZE) -- If the defaults are greater then leave it.

kernel.shmall = 内存大小/4k=23G*1024*1024/4k = 6029312

kernel.shmmax = 20*1024*1024=20971520 而默认的为68719476736，那么使用默认值

修改完成后保存，然后运行sysctl -p 命令使之生效

 [root@localhost etc]# sysctl -p

 kernel.shmmax = 18446744073692774399

 kernel.shmall = 18446744073692774399

 kernel.shmmni = 4096

 kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128

 net.core.rmem_default = 262144

 net.core.rmem_max = 4194304

 net.core.wmem_default = 262144

 net.core.wmem_max = 262144

 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 32768    60999

 fs.file-max = 378794

 fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576

 [root@localhost etc]#

5 设置用户限制

在/etc/security/limits.conf中添加如下配置。

 oracle soft nproc 2047

 oracle hard nproc 16384

 oracle soft nofile 1024

 oracle hard nofile 65536

 oracle soft stack 10240

 oracle hard stack 10240

 Add the following line to the "/etc/pam.d/login" file,

 if it does not already exist.

 session required /lib/security/pam_limits.so

 session required pam_limits.so

 Add the following to

 /etc/profile if Oracle user will use the bash shell.

 if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then

 ulimit -u 16384

 ulimit -n 65536

 fi

5: 配置环境变量

首先切换到oracle账户，编辑修改主目录下 .bash_profile

 [root@localhost ~]# su - oracle

 [oracle@localhost ~]$ ls

 [oracle@localhost ~]$ ls -a

 .  ..  .bash_logout  .bash_profile  .bashrc  .cache  .config  .mozilla

 [oracle@localhost ~]$ vi .bash_profile

 # .bash_profile

 # Get the aliases and functions

 if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then

         . ~/.bashrc

 fi

 # User specific environment and startup programs

 PATH=$PATH:$HOME/.local/bin:$HOME/bin

 export PATH

 TMP=/tmp; export TMP

 TMPDIR=$TMP; export TMPDIR

 ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle; export ORACLE_BASE

 ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/12.1.0/db_1; export ORACLE_HOME

 ORACLE_SID=epps; export ORACLE_SID

 ORACLE_TERM=xterm; export ORACLE_TERM

 PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH; export PATH

 PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH; export PATH

 LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib; export LD_LIBRARY_PATH

 CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib; export CLASSPATH

 if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then

  if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then

     ulimit -p 16384

     ulimit -n 65536

  else

     ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536

  fi

 fi

使配置生效

 [oracle@localhost ~]$ source .bash_profile

 [oracle@localhost ~]$

6：解压安装镜像文件

上传已经下载好的oracle12c安装包：

//把用root用户上传的安装包放到 oracle 用户的home目录下，并修改文件用户使用权限

 [root@localhost oracle]# ls

 linuxamd64_12102_database_1of2.zip  linuxamd64_12102_database_2of2.zip

 [root@localhost oracle]# ll

 total 2625080

 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1673544724 Dec 13 20:31 linuxamd64_12102_database_1of2.zip

 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1014530602 Dec 13 20:32 linuxamd64_12102_database_2of2.zip

 [root@localhost oracle]# chown oracle:oinstall linuxamd64_12102_database_*

 [root@localhost oracle]# ll

 total 2625080

 -rw-r--r--. 1 oracle oinstall 1673544724 Dec 13 20:31 linuxamd64_12102_database_1of2.zip

 -rw-r--r--. 1 oracle oinstall 1014530602 Dec 13 20:32 linuxamd64_12102_database_2of2.zip

 [root@localhost oracle]#

切换到 oracle　用户　并解压　安装包

 #切换到ORACLE用户

 [root@localhost oracle]# su - oracle

 Last login: Wed Dec 13 23:48:45 CST 2017 on pts/2

 [oracle@localhost ~]$

 #解压第一个文件压缩包

 [oracle@localhost ~]$ unzip linuxamd64_12102_database_1of2.zip

 #在解压完第一个压缩包后再来解压第二个压缩包

 [oracle@localhost ~]$ unzip linuxamd64_12102_database_2of2.zip

文件解压完后都放在database文件中

创建一个安装包备份文件夹；把压缩包存放起来：

 [oracle@localhost ~]$ ls

 database  linuxamd64_12102_database_1of2.zip  linuxamd64_12102_database_2of2.zip

 [oracle@localhost ~]$ mkdir oracle_database_zip

 [oracle@localhost ~]$ mv linuxamd64_12102_database_* oracle_database_zip/

 [oracle@localhost ~]$ ls

 database  oracle_database_zip

 [oracle@localhost ~]$

7: 安装Xme30.exe 软件

软件下载路劲：链接：http://pan.baidu.com/s/1gf5cbKn 密码：m1pn 注：如果该版本报错。请到此QQ(6032072430)群的群文件里来下载该版本的安装包

1):安装步骤一直下一步即可

2):注册lic

3):启动工具

注：在打开 Xmanager-Passive 出下图错误解决方法：failed to get the installation date from the system registry

出现了这个问题后，各种可能的想法都想到了，但是，一直得不到解决，后来查到了这样一种办法

1.打开Xbrowser

2.打开Help, 选择About Browser

3.点击Enter Product Key

Name ： 3ddown.com

Organization: none

Serial:080807-116451-999766

就OK了

呵呵，Xmanager不让贴上去，就辛苦大家用手敲上去了

8：oracle 12c （数据库软件）安装步骤图解

查看解压出来的文件权限信息：

 [oracle@localhost ~]$ ll

 total 0

 drwxr-xr-x 7 oracle oinstall 117 Jul  7  2014 database

 drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall  90 Dec 13 23:54 oracle_database_zip

 [oracle@localhost ~]$ cd database/

 [oracle@localhost database]$ ll

 total 20

 drwxr-xr-x  4 oracle oinstall  234 Dec 13 23:52 install

 drwxrwxr-x  2 oracle oinstall   61 Jul  7  2014 response

 drwxr-xr-x  2 oracle oinstall   34 Jul  7  2014 rpm

 -rwxr-xr-x  1 oracle oinstall 8533 Jul  7  2014 runInstaller

 drwxrwxr-x  2 oracle oinstall   29 Jul  7  2014 sshsetup

 drwxr-xr-x 14 oracle oinstall 4096 Jul  7  2014 stage

 -rwxr-xr-x  1 oracle oinstall  500 Feb  7  2013 welcome.html

 [oracle@localhost database]$

查看本机（客户机）的ip

启动调用本级（客户机）的图形管理工具并启动安装

 [oracle@localhost database]$ export DISPLAY=192.168.1.27:0.0

 [oracle@localhost database]$ ls

 install  response  rpm  runInstaller  sshsetup  stage  welcome.html

 [oracle@localhost database]$ ls -a

 .  ..  install  response  rpm  runInstaller  sshsetup  stage  welcome.html

 [oracle@localhost database]$ ./runInstaller

开始进行图解安装过程（注意观察细节变化）

在安装过程中出现了上图提示错误信息：结果分析是 /u01 /u01/app的权限导致的：

处理步骤：逐步赋权

 [root@localhost oracle]# su - oracle

 Last login: Wed Dec 13 23:48:45 CST 2017 on pts/2

 [oracle@localhost ~]$ ll /u01

 total 0

 drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 20 Dec 13 21:43 app

 [oracle@localhost ~]$ ll

 total 0

 drwxr-xr-x 7 oracle oinstall 117 Jul  7  2014 database

 drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall  90 Dec 13 23:54 oracle_database_zip

 [oracle@localhost ~]$ cd ?

 -bash: cd: ?: No such file or directory

 [oracle@localhost ~]$ cd /

 [oracle@localhost /]$ ll

 total 28

 -rw-r--r--.   1 root root    0 Aug 20 02:03 1

 lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root    7 Aug 20 01:32 bin -> usr/bin

 dr-xr-xr-x.   4 root root 4096 Aug 20 02:57 boot

 drwxr-xr-x   20 root root 3320 Dec 13 23:08 dev

 drwxr-xr-x. 143 root root 8192 Dec 13 23:24 etc

 drwxr-xr-x.   4 root root   33 Dec 13 21:41 home

 lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root    7 Aug 20 01:32 lib -> usr/lib

 lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root    9 Aug 20 01:32 lib64 -> usr/lib64

 drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root    6 Nov  5  2016 media

 drwxr-xr-x.   3 root root   19 Dec 13 20:40 mnt

 drwxr-xr-x.   3 root root   16 Aug 20 02:19 opt

 dr-xr-xr-x  203 root root    0 Dec 13 23:08 proc

 dr-xr-x---.  15 root root 4096 Dec 13 23:40 root

 drwxr-xr-x   38 root root 1120 Dec 13 23:08 run

 lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root    8 Aug 20 01:32 sbin -> usr/sbin

 drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root    6 Nov  5  2016 srv

 dr-xr-xr-x   13 root root    0 Dec 13 23:08 sys

 drwxrwxrwt.  27 root root 4096 Dec 14 00:16 tmp

 drwxr-xr-x.   3 root root   17 Dec 13 21:43 u01

 drwxr-xr-x.  13 root root  155 Aug 20 01:32 usr

 drwxr-xr-x.  21 root root 4096 Dec 13 23:08 var

 [oracle@localhost /]$ ll /u01/app/

 total 0

 drwxrwxr-x. 2 oracle oinstall 6 Dec 14 00:49 oracle

 [oracle@localhost /]$ su - root

 Password:

 Last login: Wed Dec 13 23:09:09 CST 2017 from 192.168.1.27 on pts/2

 [root@localhost ~]# cd /

 [root@localhost /]# ll

 total 28

 -rw-r--r--.   1 root root    0 Aug 20 02:03 1

 lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root    7 Aug 20 01:32 bin -> usr/bin

 dr-xr-xr-x.   4 root root 4096 Aug 20 02:57 boot

 drwxr-xr-x   20 root root 3320 Dec 13 23:08 dev

 drwxr-xr-x. 143 root root 8192 Dec 13 23:24 etc

 drwxr-xr-x.   4 root root   33 Dec 13 21:41 home

 lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root    7 Aug 20 01:32 lib -> usr/lib

 lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root    9 Aug 20 01:32 lib64 -> usr/lib64

 drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root    6 Nov  5  2016 media

 drwxr-xr-x.   3 root root   19 Dec 13 20:40 mnt

 drwxr-xr-x.   3 root root   16 Aug 20 02:19 opt

 dr-xr-xr-x  206 root root    0 Dec 13 23:08 proc

 dr-xr-x---.  15 root root 4096 Dec 13 23:40 root

 drwxr-xr-x   38 root root 1120 Dec 13 23:08 run

 lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root    8 Aug 20 01:32 sbin -> usr/sbin

 drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root    6 Nov  5  2016 srv

 dr-xr-xr-x   13 root root    0 Dec 13 23:08 sys

 drwxrwxrwt.  27 root root 4096 Dec 14 00:56 tmp

 drwxr-xr-x.   3 root root   17 Dec 13 21:43 u01

 drwxr-xr-x.  13 root root  155 Aug 20 01:32 usr

 drwxr-xr-x.  21 root root 4096 Dec 13 23:08 var

 [root@localhost /]# chown oracle:oinstall u

 u01/ usr/

 [root@localhost /]# chown oracle:oinstall u01/

 [root@localhost /]# ll

 total 28

 -rw-r--r--.   1 root   root        0 Aug 20 02:03 1

 lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root   root        7 Aug 20 01:32 bin -> usr/bin

 dr-xr-xr-x.   4 root   root     4096 Aug 20 02:57 boot

 drwxr-xr-x   20 root   root     3320 Dec 13 23:08 dev

 drwxr-xr-x. 143 root   root     8192 Dec 13 23:24 etc

 drwxr-xr-x.   4 root   root       33 Dec 13 21:41 home

 lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root   root        7 Aug 20 01:32 lib -> usr/lib

 lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root   root        9 Aug 20 01:32 lib64 -> usr/lib64

 drwxr-xr-x.   2 root   root        6 Nov  5  2016 media

 drwxr-xr-x.   3 root   root       19 Dec 13 20:40 mnt

 drwxr-xr-x.   3 root   root       16 Aug 20 02:19 opt

 dr-xr-xr-x  205 root   root        0 Dec 13 23:08 proc

 dr-xr-x---.  15 root   root     4096 Dec 13 23:40 root

 drwxr-xr-x   38 root   root     1120 Dec 13 23:08 run

 lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root   root        8 Aug 20 01:32 sbin -> usr/sbin

 drwxr-xr-x.   2 root   root        6 Nov  5  2016 srv

 dr-xr-xr-x   13 root   root        0 Dec 13 23:08 sys

 drwxrwxrwt.  27 root   root     4096 Dec 14 00:58 tmp

 drwxr-xr-x.   3 oracle oinstall   17 Dec 13 21:43 u01

 drwxr-xr-x.  13 root   root      155 Aug 20 01:32 usr

 drwxr-xr-x.  21 root   root     4096 Dec 13 23:08 var

 [root@localhost /]# cd u01/

 [root@localhost u01]# ll

 total 0

 drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 20 Dec 13 21:43 app

 [root@localhost u01]# chown oracle:oinstall app/

 [root@localhost u01]# ll

 total 0

 drwxr-xr-x. 3 oracle oinstall 20 Dec 13 21:43 app

 [root@localhost u01]# cd app/

 [root@localhost app]# ll

 total 0

 drwxrwxr-x. 2 oracle oinstall 6 Dec 14 00:49 oracle

 [root@localhost app]#

点击OK ,再点击下图的NEXT 按钮

检测安装环境：

（注：本次安装为第一次安装，有居多细节没注意到：

所以有如下错误，需要处理，每个人的安装都尽不相同；出现问题要冷静处理）

swap安装不通过

解决思路：（注：此内容参考：無心傷害《CentOS6.4 安装oracle 11g 遇到的各种问题》）

 This is a prerequisite condition to test whether sufficient total swap space is available on the system. (more details)

 Expected Value

 : 15.64GB (1.6403472E7KB)  16400000

 Actual Value

 : 4.87GB (5111800.0KB)

 问题原因是没有swap空间不足导致，需要扩大交换空间

 解决：1、使用dd命令创建一个swap分区

 2、#dd if=/dev/zero of=/home/swap bs=1024 count=16400000

 3、格式化刚才创建的分区

 4、# mkswap /home/swap

 5、再使用swapon命令把这个文件分区变成swap分区

 6、#swapon /home/swap

 7、（关闭SWAP分区的命令为：#swapoff /home/swap)

 8、再用free -m 查看已经扩容的了swap分区。

 9、为了能够让swap自动挂载，需要修改etc/fstab文件，用vi /etc/fstab

 10、在文件末尾加上 /home/swap swap swap default 0 0

 11、这样就算重启系统，swap分区也不用手动挂载了

 12、但是我感觉好像我重启了系统 swap就没有了，然后我又百度了一下，要执行下面一段命令  #echo  "swapon  /home/swap" >> /etc/inittab 

 13、然后在看 vi 看下 /etc/inittab

 14、最后一行是swapon  /home/swap，这样就万事大吉了。

实际操作步骤：

 [root@localhost app]# df -h

 Filesystem           Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on

 /dev/mapper/cl-root   50G   13G   38G  26% /

 devtmpfs             1.9G     0  1.9G   0% /dev

 tmpfs                1.9G   84K  1.9G   1% /dev/shm

 tmpfs                1.9G  9.1M  1.9G   1% /run

 tmpfs                1.9G     0  1.9G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup

 /dev/sda1           1014M  173M  842M  18% /boot

 /dev/mapper/cl-home  969G  5.3G  964G   1% /home

 tmpfs                378M   16K  378M   1% /run/user/42

 tmpfs                378M     0  378M   0% /run/user/0

 [root@localhost app]# dd if=/dev/zero of=/home/swap bs=1024 count=16400000

 16400000+0 records in

 16400000+0 records out

 16793600000 bytes (17 GB) copied, 225.418 s, 74.5 MB/s

 [root@localhost app]#

 [root@localhost app]#

 [root@localhost app]#

 [root@localhost app]#

 [root@localhost app]#

 [root@localhost app]# mkswap /home/swap

 Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 16399996 KiB

 no label, UUID=c59f97e2-8078-4db5-96fd-506e319d2f1e

 [root@localhost app]# swapon /home/swap

 swapon: /home/swap: insecure permissions 0644, 0600 suggested.

 [root@localhost app]# free -m

               total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available

 Mem:           3774         408         108           2        3258        3047

 Swap:         19727          88       19638

 [root@localhost app]# /home/swap swap swap default 0 0

 -bash: /home/swap: Permission denied

 [root@localhost app]# echo   "swapon  /home/swap" >> /etc/inittab

 [root@localhost app]# cat  /etc/inittab

 # inittab is no longer used when using systemd.

 #

 # ADDING CONFIGURATION HERE WILL HAVE NO EFFECT ON YOUR SYSTEM.

 #

 # Ctrl-Alt-Delete is handled by /usr/lib/systemd/system/ctrl-alt-del.target

 #

 # systemd uses 'targets' instead of runlevels. By default, there are two main targets:

 #

 # multi-user.target: analogous to runlevel 3

 # graphical.target: analogous to runlevel 5

 #

 # To view current default target, run:

 # systemctl get-default

 #

 # To set a default target, run:

 # systemctl set-default TARGET.target

 #

 swapon  /home/swap

 [root@localhost app]#

查看文件分区过程：

 [root@localhost ~]# ls

 anaconda-ks.cfg  Desktop  Documents  Downloads  initial-setup-ks.cfg  Music  Pictures  Public  Templates  Videos

 [root@localhost ~]# ll

 total 8

 -rw-------. 1 root root 1848 Aug 20 02:28 anaconda-ks.cfg

 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root    6 Dec 13 20:03 Desktop

 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root    6 Dec 13 20:03 Documents

 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root    6 Dec 13 20:03 Downloads

 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1879 Aug 20 02:59 initial-setup-ks.cfg

 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root    6 Dec 13 20:03 Music

 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root    6 Dec 13 20:03 Pictures

 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root    6 Dec 13 20:03 Public

 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root    6 Dec 13 20:03 Templates

 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root    6 Dec 13 20:03 Videos

 [root@localhost ~]# cd /

 [root@localhost /]# ll

 total 28

 -rw-r--r--.   1 root   root        0 Aug 20 02:03 1

 lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root   root        7 Aug 20 01:32 bin -> usr/bin

 dr-xr-xr-x.   4 root   root     4096 Aug 20 02:57 boot

 drwxr-xr-x   20 root   root     3320 Dec 13 23:08 dev

 drwxr-xr-x. 143 root   root     8192 Dec 13 23:24 etc

 drwxr-xr-x.   4 root   root       45 Dec 14 01:17 home

 lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root   root        7 Aug 20 01:32 lib -> usr/lib

 lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root   root        9 Aug 20 01:32 lib64 -> usr/lib64

 drwxr-xr-x.   2 root   root        6 Nov  5  2016 media

 drwxr-xr-x.   3 root   root       19 Dec 13 20:40 mnt

 drwxr-xr-x.   3 root   root       16 Aug 20 02:19 opt

 dr-xr-xr-x  208 root   root        0 Dec 13 23:08 proc

 dr-xr-x---.  15 root   root     4096 Dec 13 23:40 root

 drwxr-xr-x   38 root   root     1120 Dec 13 23:08 run

 lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root   root        8 Aug 20 01:32 sbin -> usr/sbin

 drwxr-xr-x.   2 root   root        6 Nov  5  2016 srv

 dr-xr-xr-x   13 root   root        0 Dec 13 23:08 sys

 drwxrwxrwt.  27 root   root     4096 Dec 14 01:07 tmp

 drwxr-xr-x.   3 oracle oinstall   17 Dec 13 21:43 u01

 drwxr-xr-x.  13 root   root      155 Aug 20 01:32 usr

 drwxr-xr-x.  21 root   root     4096 Dec 13 23:08 var

 [root@localhost /]# cd home/

 [root@localhost home]# ll

 total 12582848

 drwx------. 3 nginx  nginx             78 Aug 20 01:33 nginx

 drwx------. 7 oracle oinstall         187 Dec 13 23:54 oracle

 -rw-r--r--  1 root   root     12014789632 Dec 14 01:20 swap

 [root@localhost home]# ll

 total 20971452

 drwx------. 3 nginx  nginx             78 Aug 20 01:33 nginx

 drwx------. 7 oracle oinstall         187 Dec 13 23:54 oracle

 -rw-r--r--  1 root   root     14392722432 Dec 14 01:20 swap

 [root@localhost home]# ll

 total 20971452

 drwx------. 3 nginx  nginx             78 Aug 20 01:33 nginx

 drwx------. 7 oracle oinstall         187 Dec 13 23:54 oracle

 -rw-r--r--  1 root   root     14560011264 Dec 14 01:20 swap

 [root@localhost home]# ll

 total 20971452

 drwx------. 3 nginx  nginx             78 Aug 20 01:33 nginx

 drwx------. 7 oracle oinstall         187 Dec 13 23:54 oracle

 -rw-r--r--  1 root   root     15027790848 Dec 14 01:20 swap

 [root@localhost home]# ll

 total 20971452

 drwx------. 3 nginx  nginx             78 Aug 20 01:33 nginx

 drwx------. 7 oracle oinstall         187 Dec 13 23:54 oracle

 -rw-r--r--  1 root   root     15271343104 Dec 14 01:20 swap

 [root@localhost home]# ll

 total 20971452

 drwx------. 3 nginx  nginx             78 Aug 20 01:33 nginx

 drwx------. 7 oracle oinstall         187 Dec 13 23:54 oracle

 -rw-r--r--  1 root   root     15363781632 Dec 14 01:20 swap

 [root@localhost home]# ll

 total 20971452

 drwx------. 3 nginx  nginx             78 Aug 20 01:33 nginx

 drwx------. 7 oracle oinstall         187 Dec 13 23:54 oracle

 -rw-r--r--  1 root   root     15472714752 Dec 14 01:20 swap

 [root@localhost home]# ll

 total 20971452

 drwx------. 3 nginx  nginx             78 Aug 20 01:33 nginx

 drwx------. 7 oracle oinstall         187 Dec 13 23:54 oracle

 -rw-r--r--  1 root   root     15582548992 Dec 14 01:21 swap

 [root@localhost home]# ll

 total 20971452

 drwx------. 3 nginx  nginx             78 Aug 20 01:33 nginx

 drwx------. 7 oracle oinstall         187 Dec 13 23:54 oracle

 -rw-r--r--  1 root   root     15740661760 Dec 14 01:21 swap

 [root@localhost home]# ll

 total 20971452

 drwx------. 3 nginx  nginx             78 Aug 20 01:33 nginx

 drwx------. 7 oracle oinstall         187 Dec 13 23:54 oracle

 -rw-r--r--  1 root   root     15752806400 Dec 14 01:21 swap

 [root@localhost home]# ll

 total 20971452

 drwx------. 3 nginx  nginx             78 Aug 20 01:33 nginx

 drwx------. 7 oracle oinstall         187 Dec 13 23:54 oracle

 -rw-r--r--  1 root   root     15763570688 Dec 14 01:21 swap

 [root@localhost home]# ll

 total 20971452

 drwx------. 3 nginx  nginx             78 Aug 20 01:33 nginx

 drwx------. 7 oracle oinstall         187 Dec 13 23:54 oracle

 -rw-r--r--  1 root   root     15833857024 Dec 14 01:21 swap

 [root@localhost home]# ll

 total 20971452

 drwx------. 3 nginx  nginx             78 Aug 20 01:33 nginx

 drwx------. 7 oracle oinstall         187 Dec 13 23:54 oracle

 -rw-r--r--  1 root   root     16249556992 Dec 14 01:21 swap

 [root@localhost home]# ll

 total 20971452

 drwx------. 3 nginx  nginx             78 Aug 20 01:33 nginx

 drwx------. 7 oracle oinstall         187 Dec 13 23:54 oracle

 -rw-r--r--  1 root   root     16305736704 Dec 14 01:21 swap

 [root@localhost home]# ll

 total 20971452

 drwx------. 3 nginx  nginx             78 Aug 20 01:33 nginx

 drwx------. 7 oracle oinstall         187 Dec 13 23:54 oracle

 -rw-r--r--  1 root   root     16477321216 Dec 14 01:21 swap

 [root@localhost home]# ll

 total 20971452

 drwx------. 3 nginx  nginx             78 Aug 20 01:33 nginx

 drwx------. 7 oracle oinstall         187 Dec 13 23:54 oracle

 -rw-r--r--  1 root   root     16590128128 Dec 14 01:21 swap

 [root@localhost home]# ll

 total 20971452

 drwx------. 3 nginx  nginx             78 Aug 20 01:33 nginx

 drwx------. 7 oracle oinstall         187 Dec 13 23:54 oracle

 -rw-r--r--  1 root   root     16700355584 Dec 14 01:21 swap

 [root@localhost home]# ll

 total 20971452

 drwx------. 3 nginx  nginx             78 Aug 20 01:33 nginx

 drwx------. 7 oracle oinstall         187 Dec 13 23:54 oracle

 -rw-r--r--  1 root   root     16789797888 Dec 14 01:21 swap

 [root@localhost home]# ll

 total 16400000

 drwx------. 3 nginx  nginx             78 Aug 20 01:33 nginx

 drwx------. 7 oracle oinstall         187 Dec 13 23:54 oracle

 -rw-r--r--  1 root   root     16793600000 Dec 14 01:21 swap

 [root@localhost home]# ll

 total 16400000

 drwx------. 3 nginx  nginx             78 Aug 20 01:33 nginx

 drwx------. 7 oracle oinstall         187 Dec 13 23:54 oracle

 -rw-r--r--  1 root   root     16793600000 Dec 14 01:21 swap

 [root@localhost home]# ll

 total 16400000

 drwx------. 3 nginx  nginx             78 Aug 20 01:33 nginx

 drwx------. 7 oracle oinstall         187 Dec 13 23:54 oracle

 -rw-r--r--  1 root   root     16793600000 Dec 14 01:21 swap

 [root@localhost home]# ll

 total 16400000

 drwx------. 3 nginx  nginx             78 Aug 20 01:33 nginx

 drwx------. 7 oracle oinstall         187 Dec 13 23:54 oracle

 -rw-r--r--  1 root   root     16793600000 Dec 14 01:21 swap

 [root@localhost home]# ll

 total 16400000

 drwx------. 3 nginx  nginx             78 Aug 20 01:33 nginx

 drwx------. 7 oracle oinstall         187 Dec 13 23:54 oracle

 -rw-r--r--  1 root   root     16793600000 Dec 14 01:21 swap

 [root@localhost home]# ll

 total 16400000

 drwx------. 3 nginx  nginx             78 Aug 20 01:33 nginx

 drwx------. 7 oracle oinstall         187 Dec 13 23:54 oracle

 -rw-r--r--  1 root   root     16793600000 Dec 14 01:21 swap

 [root@localhost home]#

检查完毕后，swap分区问题已经没有了；

缺少依赖包

This is a prerequisite condition to test whether the package "compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3 (x86_64)" is available on the system. (more details)
Expected Value
: compat-libstdc++-33(x86_64)-3.2.3
Actual Value
: missing

解决思路：直接用yum install compat-libstdc* –y 这个命令来安装这个包

再次检查下：

对应校验一直无法通过而且也没有办法处理的时候；请参考下图步骤：

(借用oracle11g安装不通过时的操作)

点击上图红框的位置，进入下图

注：我本次的安装卡在包的依赖上了：yum　环境搭建一直既有些问题：唉烦人啊　

经过几番周折终于把ｙｕｍ　弄好了；

点击　ｉｎｓｔａｌｌ　：开始安装（漫长的等待）

借图：用于演示执行上图的脚本的效果图

图13：点击“ok”按钮后，进入下图界面，点击‘close’按钮后关闭界面，数据库安装完毕

至此：Oracle数据库软件已经安装完毕

9：oracle12c (数据库实例) 安装图解

1：在[oracle@oracle database] 目录下执行dbca 命令调用数据库实例图形安装界面

创建数据库密码：Oracle12c

安装结束

如果需要打开 oracle12c 的pdborcl 插拔容器。请查看以下链接的内容

第三节关于 oracle12c 容器的挂载；当oracle12c数据库正常启动后，用（例如：127.0.0.1/pdborcl）容器数据库连接失败出现ora-01033错误；

如果需要对Oracle12c 的数据库进行大概了解的话，请查看下文了解

Oracle12c 从入门到精通(第二版) 闫红岩金松河编著